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|note = gravity assist
|distance =
|arrival_date = March 1, 2025<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/solar-system/#/sc_europa_clipper/distance?rate=0&time=2025-03-01T17:56:54.943+00:00&to=mars | title=Eyes on the Solar System - NASA/JPL }}</ref>
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{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
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|note = gravity assist
|distance =
|arrival_date = December 3, 2026<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/solar-system/#/sc_europa_clipper/distance?rate=0&time=2026-12-03T20:15:44.392+00:00&to=earth | title=Eyes on the Solar System - NASA/JPL }}</ref>
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{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
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''Europa Clipper'' will perform follow-up studies to those made by the ''[[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]]'' spacecraft during its eight years (1995–2003) in Jupiter orbit, which indicated the existence of a subsurface ocean underneath Europa's ice [[Crust (geology)|crust]]. Plans to send a spacecraft to Europa were initially conceived with projects such as ''[[Europa Orbiter]]'' and ''[[Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter]]'', in which a spacecraft would be inserted into orbit around Europa. However, due to the adverse effects of [[radiation]] from the [[magnetosphere of Jupiter]] in Europa orbit, it was decided that it would be safer to insert a spacecraft into an [[Elliptic orbit|elliptical orbit]] around Jupiter and make 44 close flybys of the moon instead. The mission began as a joint investigation between the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] (JPL) and the [[Applied Physics Laboratory]] (APL), and was built with a scientific payload of nine instruments contributed by [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory|JPL]], [[Applied Physics Laboratory|APL]], [[Southwest Research Institute]], [[University of Texas at Austin]], [[Arizona State University]] and [[University of Colorado Boulder]]. ''Europa Clipper'' complements [[European Space Agency]]'s [[Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer]], launched in 2023, which will attempt to fly past Europa twice and [[Callisto (moon)|Callisto]] multiple times before moving into orbit around [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]].
''Europa Clipper'' was launched from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A]] on October 14, 2024, aboard a [[Falcon Heavy]] rocket<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 14, 2024 |title=NASA's Europa Clipper launches aboard SpaceX rocket, bound for Jupiter's icy ocean moon |url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2024-10-14/nasa-jupiter-probe-launches-aboard-spacex-rocket |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> in a fully expended configuration. The spacecraft will use [[gravity assist]]s from Mars on March 1, 2025,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/solar-system/#/sc_europa_clipper/distance?rate=0&time=2025-03-01T17:56:54.943+00:00&to=mars | title=Eyes on the Solar System - NASA/JPL }}</ref> and Earth on December 3, 2026,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/solar-system/#/sc_europa_clipper/distance?rate=0&time=2026-12-03T20:15:44.392+00:00&to=earth | title=Eyes on the Solar System - NASA/JPL }}</ref> before arriving at [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] in April 2030.<ref name="NASA use commercial">{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=February 10, 2021 |title=NASA to use commercial launch vehicle for Europa Clipper |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-use-commercial-launch-vehicle-for-europa-clipper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20210216064656/https://spacenews.com/nasa%2Dto%2Duse%2Dcommercial%2Dlaunch%2Dvehicle%2Dfor%2Deuropa%2Dclipper/ |archive-date=February 16, 2021 |access-date=February 10, 2021 |publisher=SpaceNews}}</ref>
== History ==
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==== Europa Ultraviolet Spectrograph (Europa-UVS) ====
The [[Europa Ultraviolet Spectrograph]] instrument will be able to detect small plumes and will provide valuable data about the composition and dynamics of the moon's [[exosphere]]. The principal investigator is Kurt Retherford of [[Southwest Research Institute]]. Retherford was previously a member of the group that discovered plumes erupting from Europa while using the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] in the [[Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy|UV spectrum]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roth |first=Lorenz |year=2014 |title=Transient Water Vapor at Europa's South Pole |journal=Science (
==== Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON) ====
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