Wikipedia

Fictional universe of Harry Potter

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Wafflewombat (talk | contribs) at 17:31, 28 August 2024 (Copyedited and condensed part of the Fundamentals section. Merged it with Economy section.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For the media franchise set in the Harry Potter universe, see Wizarding World.

The fictional universe of the Harry Potter series of novels contains two distinct societies: the "wizarding world" and the "Muggle world".[1] The term "Muggle world" refers to a society inhabited by non-magical people ("Muggles"), while the term "wizarding world" refers to a society of wizards that live parallel to Muggles.[2] The wizarding world is described as a veiled society wherein magic is commonly used and practised; the wizards live in self-enforced seclusion and hide their abilities from Muggles. The novels are set in 1990s Britain, which contains both Muggle and wizard communities.[3] Any new works taking place in this universe are released under the Wizarding World brand.

Fundamentals

See also: Magic in Harry Potter

The plot of the Harry Potter series occurs between 1991 to 1998. The exceptions are the opening chapter of the first novel, which takes place in 1981, and the epilogue of the seventh novel, which takes place in 2017. At various points throughout the Harry Potter timeline, flashbacks and flash-forwards depict time periods ranging from the 1920s to the 2020s. The depiction of the wizarding world is centred on magic, which not only imbues objects such as wands, but is also portrayed as an inborn ability of individuals. This organic ability can be honed and mastered through study and practice.

Wizards expend a great deal of effort keeping Muggles unaware of magic and the wizarding world. Originally the two worlds co-existed. Growing persecution of those with magic over the centuries necessitated laws designed to keep the existence of the wizarding world hidden from Muggles, such as the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy of 1692. Enchantment of Muggle artefacts is forbidden, underage wizards are restricted from using magic outside of school, and any deliberate revelation of magical ability to the Muggle community is punishable. These laws are enforced by the Ministry of Magic. Exceptions to the statute of secrecy include wizards' Muggle relatives and high-ranking political leaders; the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for instance, is in contact with the Minister for Magic.

Some aspects of the wizarding world are depicted as being less-than-modern compared to the Muggle world. Candles are used for illumination instead of electrical or gas lamps, and owls are used to send messages instead of phone calls or emails. Instead of using pens or computers to take notes and write essays, Hogwarts students use ink-dipped quills and parchment. Wizards do not use paper currency, but instead rely on three types of coins: the gold Galleon, the silver Sickle, and the bronze Knut. The wizarding world does have at least one train, the Hogwarts Express, which is pulled by a steam locomotive. The novels depict wizards using radio but not television.

Geography

See also: Places in Harry Potter

The wizarding world of the Harry Potter universe is embedded within the Muggle world. Wizards often live in magical enclaves within Muggle villages, such as Godric's Hollow in the West Country. Many wizarding homes in Harry Potter are depicted as being on the outskirts of a Muggle town or isolated from the town. Only one settlement in Britain, the village of Hogsmeade, is home to an entirely magical population.

The wizarding high street Diagon Alley lies in central London, just off Charing Cross Road. A train called the Hogwarts Express departs from King's Cross station using the fictional Platform 9¾. Magical locations are hidden by a combination of Muggle-repelling charms, illusions, and other protections. Some magical locations, such as the prison Azkaban and the stadium used for the Quidditch World Cup, are rendered "unplottable", meaning they are impossible to locate on a map. The castle of Hogwarts appears as abandoned ruins to any Muggle close enough to see. Although wizards live alongside Muggles, there is virtually no interaction between the two communities due to the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy. While the series is set in Britain, there is evidence that the wizarding world exists across the globe.

Blood purity

Some extremist wizards oppose wizard-Muggle marriages, arguing that it dilutes the "purity" of wizard blood. These extremists use the term "pure-blood" to refer to a wizard who has very little Muggle blood in their ancestry, or who claims to have none at all. Pure-blood supremacists believe that blood purity is a measure of a wizard's magical ability, although Ron Weasley points out in Chamber of Secrets that there are so-called pure-blood wizards with low magical skills. He also claims that "most wizards these days are half-blood". J. K. Rowling stated that no bloodline is truly "pure", but those who wish to claim purity deny the existence of Muggles and Squibs in their ancestry.[4] Some families inbreed to maintain blood purity, which can result in offspring with mental instability and violent natures.[5][6]

"Half-blood" is the term applied to wizards who have both magical and Muggle ancestors. Half-blood is the most common blood status, far outnumbering pure-bloods and Muggle-borns. Rowling has stated that fifty per cent of first-year Hogwarts students each year are half-bloods. Pure-blood supremacists view half-bloods as inferior to them but superior to Muggles and Muggle-borns.

"Muggle-born" is the term applied to a wizard whose parents are Muggles. Pure-blood supremacists often use the derogatory term "Mudblood" to refer to a Muggle-born wizard. When Voldemort returns to power, Muggle-borns are required by law to register with the Ministry of Magic. Under Voldemort's leadership, the Department of Mysteries claims that Muggle-borns acquire their magical ability by stealing magic and wands from "real" wizards.

"Squib" is the term applied to a person who is born to magical parents, but has no magical abilities. The only Squibs mentioned in the novels are Argus Filch, Arabella Figg, and a cousin of Molly Weasley. Unlike Muggles, Squibs are aware of the wizarding world and can see magical places (such as Hogwarts) and magical creatures (such as Dementors).

Some wizards are the offspring of unions between humans and magical creatures of more-or-less human intelligence. Examples include Fleur Delacour and her sister Gabrielle, who are both a quarter Veela; Rubeus Hagrid, who is half-giant; and Filius Flitwick, who has goblin ancestry. Prejudiced wizards sometimes use the derogatory term "half-breed" to refer to mixed-species individuals.

Magical creatures

Main article: Magical creatures in Harry Potter

The Harry Potter universe is home to many magical creatures. Some are derived from real-world folklore and mythology, while others were created by Rowling. Some are modified versions of creatures from real-world lore. Below are a few of the more notable creatures described in the series.

Notable creatures

  • Acromantula – A gigantic spider that is capable of human speech. The Acromantula is an invention of Rowling.
  • Basilisk – A giant snake originating in European mythology. In the Harry Potter universe, a person or animal will die if they make direct eye contact with a Basilisk, but will be merely Petrified (immobilized) if they make indirect eye contact, such as through a mirror.
  • Boggart – A shapeshifter that takes on the form of its victim's worst fear. In Prisoner of Azkaban, Remus Lupin teaches his students the Riddikulus charm to combat Boggarts. The spell makes a Boggart's appearance less fearsome or even comical. Rowling's Boggarts are derived from English folklore.
  • Centaur – A creature with a head and torso resembling those of a human, and with a lower body resembling that of a horse. Centaurs live in forests and are skilled in healing and astrology. Centaurs who associate with humans are often seen as traitors to their kind. The centaurs in Rowling's novels are based on the centaurs from Greek mythology.
  • Dementor – A tall, black-cloaked creature created by Rowling. Dementors drain happiness from people and force them to relive their worst memories. They can suck a person's soul out through their mouth, which is known as the Dementor's Kiss.
  • Giant – A humanoid creature commonly found in real-world folklore. In Harry Potter, giants have some immunity to magical attacks. They can interbreed with humans, but wizards have actively driven them out of civilisation.[7][8]
  • Goblin – A short and stocky humanoid with black eyes, a domed head and long fingers.[9] Goblins run Gringotts Bank and speak a language known as Gobbledegook.[10] Goblins originate in real-world folklore.
  • Hippogriff – A real-world mythological creature that is part-eagle, part-horse. Wizards can own hippogriffs provided they cast a daily Disillusionment Charm on them.
  • House-elf – A type of short, skinny elf unique to the Harry Potter universe. House-elves are enslaved by wizards and wear discarded items such as pillowcases. A house-elf's master can free them by giving them an item of clothing.
  • Thestral – A carnivorous species of winged horse visible only to those who have experienced loss through death.[11] They are described as having dragon-like faces, blank white eyes and large leathery wings. Hogwarts has a herd of Thestrals which pull the carriages that transport students to the castle. The Thestral is an original creation of Rowling.
  • Veela – A being that sometimes resembles an exceptionally beautiful woman, and sometimes resesembles a harpy. Veela are known for having the power to bewitch and enchant men.[12] Rowling's Veela are based on the vila of Slavic folklore.
  • Werewolf – A human who transforms into a wolf-like creature during the full moon. The person has no control over the process and cannot choose whether or not it occurs. The werewolves in Harry Potter are derived from those found in real-world folklore.

Government and politics

Main article: Ministry of Magic
See also: Politics of Harry Potter

The Ministry of Magic is the government of the British wizarding community. It is first mentioned in Philosopher's Stone. The Minister for Magic, Cornelius Fudge, first appears in Chamber of Secrets. Known Ministers for Magic include Millicent Bagnold, Cornelius Fudge, Rufus Scrimgeour, Pius Thicknesse, Kingsley Shacklebolt and Hermione Granger.

Relations

To the Muggle world

Muggles remain mostly oblivious to the wizarding world. Most things of magical nature are hidden or otherwise obscured from Muggles; others, such as Dementors, are invisible to them, although they experience the same depression and sense of manifest darkness and despair while near a Dementor. When magic is seen in the muggle world, the Ministry of Magic is often tasked with clean-up. Muggle studies is an option of study at Hogwarts.

The only official relations described with the Muggle world are between the Minister for Magic and the Muggle Prime Minister. In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince it is revealed that the Minister of Magic privately introduces himself to each new Prime Minister and briefs him on the important matters of the Magical world.

The exact extent to which the secrecy and isolation of the wizarding world is maintained varies. Many references are made to the Ministry of Magic performing memory charms to preserve secrecy; however, some Muggles have necessary interactions with the wizarding world. Hermione's parents are Muggles, but have been seen in Diagon Alley. They are fully aware that magic exists. The Dursleys are also aware of the Wizarding World; Petunia Dursley indicates that she learned of it when her sister, Lily, was accepted for Hogwarts.

Along with the families of Muggle-born wizards, there are mixed marriages. Seamus Finnigan reports that his mother was a witch who did not inform his Muggle father of her magical abilities until after they were married.

Policies on wizard-muggle relationships

In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry writes an essay on medieval witch burning, which was cited as the reason behind the introduction of the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy, and wizards going into hiding from the Muggle world.

This is further explored in other novels and is notably covered in some depth in The Tales of Beedle the Bard, where Albus Dumbledore writes notes after each story that often concern Wizard–Muggle relationships. Part of these "observations" note how the Tales were modified in the face of anti-Muggle sentiments, in order to remove any pro-Muggle messages for wizards who did not want their children exposed to those messages. This included Lucius Malfoy, who demanded that the Tales be removed from the Hogwarts syllabus.

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them shows that different wizarding governments around the world may have different levels of relationships with Muggles depending on their social and political climate and that these relationships may even change over time like other political policies. In the film, Newt Scamander describes American wizarding law in regard to Muggles as "rather backward", and further explains that American wizards are forbidden from having any contact or relationships with Muggles.

Internally

See also: Death Eater

The most obvious example of wizard prejudice is a longstanding disdain, even a genocidal hatred, toward Muggles and wizards and witches of Muggle parentage (Muggle-borns, half-bloods) among certain wizards. This has led to a eugenic philosophy among some of the older wizarding families, leading to a practice of "pure-blood" intermarriage that has exposed many of them (such as the Gaunt family) to the risks of mental instability.

Other internal tensions include the slavery of house elves and the suspicion or disregard for some species of near-human intelligence ("beings" in Wizard parlance). Voldemort and his allies frequently exploit these divisions to bring non-human magical creatures, particularly werewolves and giants, over to their cause.

Internationally

The magical governments of the world are to some degree united in the International Confederation of Wizards. This organisation has many responsibilities, mostly to enforce the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy.

There is a reference to the Ministry of Magic's Department of International Magical Cooperation and to various international bodies such as the International Magical Trading Standards Body, the International Magical Office of Law, the International Confederation of Wizards and the International Quidditch Association.

Education

Main article: Hogwarts

Following completion of a Hogwarts education, there is no standard tertiary education, and there are no known wizard universities. Successful Hogwarts students are considered ready to function as adults, though some wizarding professions do require special, years-long training programmes after finishing Hogwarts. These include the professions of the Auror and the Healer (the wizard physician). Sometimes, the young travel the world to "observe foreign witches and wizards" after graduation to complete their education. In the Deathly Hallows, Elphias Doge describes how his plans to travel the world with his friend Dumbledore were disrupted by the death of the latter's mother. Similarly, Professor Quirrell took time off to gain first-hand experience after a celebrated academic career.

Wizarding Examinations Authority

The Wizarding Examinations Authority is an organisation responsible for examining students in their fifth and seventh years. Ordinary Wizarding Levels (O.W.L.s) are wizarding examinations taken in the fifth year. Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests (N.E.W.T.s)[13] are examinations taken in the seventh year. The results of both the O.W.Ls and N.E.W.T.s can determine what jobs a wizard is eligible for after school.

In other countries

There are three schools of magic mentioned in the novels and films: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons (France) and Durmstrang (Northern Europe). In 2016, Rowling announced that she had created four additional schools:Ilvermorny (United States), Castelobruxo (Brazil), Mahoutokoro (Japan) and Uagadou (Africa).[14]

Games and sports

The most prominent sport in the Harry Potter series is Quidditch, which is a team sport played up in the air on broomsticks. The Quidditch World Cup is a major event on the wizard calendar. Quidditch appears in every book except the seventh;[15] school matches are canceled in the fourth due to the need to use the pitch for the Triwizard Tournament, but Harry attends the Quidditch World Cup as a guest of the Weasley family.[16]

Other wizard games and sports include Gobstones (a version of marbles in which the stones squirt foul-smelling liquid into the other player's face when they lose a point), Exploding Snap (a card game in which the cards explode), and Wizard Chess (in which the pieces are sentient and under the command of the player). The wizarding world is also home to a number of other wizard spectator sports, such as Creaothceann (a now-banned broom game from Scotland in which players try to catch rocks with cauldrons strapped to their heads), Quodpot[17] (a popular game in the United States involving a Quaffle that explodes), and broom racing.[18]

Communication

Several magical communication methods are available to the wizarding world.

Owls

Wizards use owls to deliver mail, newspapers, and parcels. How an owl locates its delivery target is not stated in the series. In some circumstances, letters have explicit addresses on them (specifying rooms or locations inside of a building). Other times, there is no mention of an address, and the owl is simply told to whom to deliver. The Ministry of Magic used to use owls to deliver inter-office mail within the ministry building, but according to Mr. Weasley, the mess was incredible. Now the ministry uses enchanted memos, which fly throughout the building as paper aeroplanes, rather than owls.

There are several references to "the owls being watched" and Harry uses different owls to communicate with Sirius (his godfather) since his snowy owl, Hedwig, would supposedly attract too much attention. On one occasion Hedwig is injured after being intercepted and searched.[19]

Patronuses

A Patronus is conjured with the Patronus Charm and is primarily used to repel Dementors. It can also be used for communication by a talented wizard. Albus Dumbledore devised a method of using Patronuses to deliver vocal messages, which he used in the service of Order of the Phoenix. Minerva McGonagall is the only character in the series who demonstrates the ability to project multiple message-carrying Patronuses.[20]

Floo Network

While the Floo Network is intended for use as a method of transport, it also occasionally serves as a method of communication. A wizard can throw a pinch of Floo Powder into a lit fireplace connected to the Network and put their head into the flames, causing it to appear in the fireplace of the wizard with whom they intend to speak. This use of the Network is first seen in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire when Harry sees Amos Diggory's head in the Weasleys' fireplace at The Burrow, talking to Molly Weasley. Harry also uses this method to communicate with Sirius Black on several occasions during the series.

Dark Mark

Voldemort uses a method of communication called the Dark Mark, which is like a brand on the inner forearms of the Death Eaters. When the mark is pressed, contact is made with other Death Eaters and Voldemort himself. Pressing one's Dark Mark causes every other Death Eater's mark to burn, signalling them to Disapparate from wherever they were and immediately Apparate to Voldemort's side.

Hermione uses the principle of the Dark Mark in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Instead of burning/engraving the message into the members of Dumbledore's Army's skin, she uses fake Galleons which all mimic each other and have messages on the rim. Later Malfoy and Madam Rosmerta, who was under the Imperius Curse, used Galleons to contact each other.

Other forms of communication

Subjects painted into wizarding portraits are frequently used to carry messages between locations where their portraits hang. Phineas Nigellus (former Hogwarts headmaster and member of the Black Family) is used to send messages between Dumbledore's office and his other portrait in Grimmauld Place. Hermione takes Phineas from Grimmauld Place during Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and uses Phineas to obtain information about events at Hogwarts. Dumbledore also uses two other former headmasters in a similar fashion when Arthur Weasley is attacked by Nagini in the Ministry of Magic. A portrait is also seen carrying messages between the Minister for Magic and the Muggle Prime Minister in the opening of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.

Another form of closed communication used in the books and films is a set of mirrors that belonged to Sirius Black. Sirius gives Harry one mirror in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, with a note explaining to Harry that Sirius and James Potter used to use the mirrors to talk to each other when they were put in separate detentions. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Harry uses a shard of his broken mirror to call for help from the Malfoys' cellar, and later finds out that Aberforth Dumbledore had been watching over Harry using Sirius' mirror, which he obtained from Mundungus Fletcher.

Flying paper aeroplanes (referred to as "interdepartmental memos") are used within the Ministry of Magic. In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix when Arthur Weasley takes Harry to the Ministry of Magic, Mr. Weasley explains that these took the place of the owls to minimise the mess.

Transportation

See also: Magical objects in Harry Potter § Transportation

Apparition

Wizards and witches often Apparate to their destinations, which is quite similar to teleportation. It is quite difficult to Apparate; therefore underage wizards and witches are forbidden to do it. There are many examples of failed Apparition attempts made by people who have not passed their "Apparition test", which is like a Muggle driving test. If not Apparating correctly, a person may lose a body part in the process, referred to as "splinching". In Deathly Hallows, Ron gets splinched after being grabbed by Yaxley, a Death Eater.

Transportation objects

Characters in the series make use of several magical devices and artefacts to transport themselves within the Wizarding World and to the Muggle world. Among the most common of these objects are broomsticks, the Floo Network (a network of fireplaces magically connected to one another), the Knight Bus, and the Hogwarts Express. Some characters have been known to enchant Muggle vehicles to have magical features, such as Arthur Weasley's Ford Anglia or Sirius Black's Flying Motorbike. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, a discussion is held around the politics of importing flying carpets.

Portkeys

If a wizard is unable to Apparate or is travelling with an underage companion, a Portkey can be used. A Portkey is usually an ordinary object that has been enchanted. The user touches the Portkey and uses the charm "Portus" to travel to the desired destination. A Portkey is often a mundane object such as an old boot or tin can, which allows the device to avoid scrutiny from Muggles.

Thestrals

Thestrals are winged horses which can only be seen by those who have experienced loss through death. They pull the Hogwarts school carriages and can also be tamed and ridden.

Media

The Daily Prophet

The Daily Prophet is the most widely read daily newspaper in Britain's wizard community.[21] The articles include moving pictures.[22][23] Its journalistic integrity is lacking; it has been known to be more concerned about sales than about factual accuracy and is often a mouthpiece for the Ministry of Magic; as described by Rita Skeeter, "The Prophet exists to sell itself!"[24]

The Prophet remains respectable for the first three books, but by Goblet of Fire, it has hired Rita Skeeter, an unscrupulous journalist who supplies several thrilling and blatantly false articles.[25] When Minister Fudge takes the stance of firmly denying Voldemort's return, the Prophet initiates a smear campaign against Dumbledore and Harry, the most influential proponents of the opposing view. After Fudge is forced to admit that Voldemort has returned, the Prophet changes its stance overnight, calling Harry "a lone voice of truth".

According to Rowling, Ginny Weasley becomes Senior Quidditch correspondent at the Prophet after the events of the novels.[26][27]

The Quibbler

The Quibbler is a magazine first mentioned in Order of the Phoenix. The magazine's editor is Xenophilius Lovegood. The Quibbler mainstays are conspiracy theories and cryptozoology. Articles in The Quibbler have claimed that Fudge has had goblins cooked in pies, and uses the Department of Mysteries to develop terrible poisons, which he supposedly feeds to people who disagree with him, and that he has a secret army of fire-demons called "heliopaths".

In Order of the Phoenix, Hermione blackmails Rita Skeeter into writing an article about Harry's encounter with Voldemort. The interview is published by Xenophilius, and he later sells it to the Daily Prophet for a good price. In Deathly Hallows, Xenophilius continues to support Harry in his magazine until his daughter Luna gets kidnapped to silence him. Harry, Ron, and Hermione visit Xenophilius for information but discover that the latest issue features an anti-Harry story on the cover. Following Voldemort's ultimate defeat, the Quibbler goes back to its condition of advanced lunacy and becomes popular, still being appreciated for its unintentional humour.[28]

Radio

The most popular radio station is the Wizarding Wireless Network. Harry learns about the popular wizarding band The Weird Sisters from his peers who listen to the WWN. Over Christmas with the Weasley family during Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the Weasley family listens to Celestina Warbeck on the network.

In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Ron introduces Harry and Hermione to Potterwatch. Potterwatch is an underground anti-Voldemort radio program that is only accessible with a secret password. The Potterwatch episode that the trio listens to features various members of the Order of the Phoenix and is hosted by Lee Jordan.

Food and beverages

Magical sweets

Many types of sweets are mentioned in the series. Some have bizarre side effects, particularly those created by Fred and George Weasley. Chocolate Frogs are packaged with collectible cards depicting famous wizards. According to Rowling, Harry and his friends are featured on Chocolate Frog cards after the events of the novels.[28] Some magical sweets, such as Bertie Bott's Every-Flavour Beans, Skiving Snackboxes and Cockroach Clusters have been manufactured in real life, mainly by the Jelly Belly candy company. Jelly Belly has produced Bertie Bott's Every-Flavour Beans on and off since 2001. Flavours of the Beans include bacon, dirt, earthworm, earwax, grass, pickle, rotten egg, sausage, soap, toast and vomit.

Butterbeer

Butterbeer is the drink of choice for younger wizards. Harry is first presented with the beverage in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Although house-elves can become intoxicated on Butterbeer, the amount of alcohol contained in Butterbeer has a negligible effect on witches and wizards. J. K. Rowling said in her interview to Bon Appétit magazine that she imagines it "to taste a little bit like less-sickly butterscotch".[29] Butterbeer can be served cold or hot, but either way it has a warming effect.

The earliest reference to buttered beer is from The Good Huswifes Handmaide for the Kitchin, published in London in 1588. It was made from beer, sugar, eggs, nutmeg, cloves and butter. Another old recipe for buttered beer, published by Robert May in 1664 from his recipe book The Accomplisht Cook, calls for liquorice root and aniseed to be added.[citation needed] The celebrity chef Heston Blumenthal created a version of the drink for his show "Heston's Tudor Feast".[30]

It was announced in April 2010 that a drink named after butterbeer would be sold in the theme park The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Orlando. The beverage is also sold at the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London. It has a sweet taste and is a non-alcoholic beverage. It was taste-tested by J. K. Rowling herself. According to Neil Genzlinger, a staff editor on the culture desk of The New York Times, the beverage "is indistinguishable from a good quality cream soda".[31]

Pumpkin juice

Pumpkin juice is a cold drink popular with wizards. It is one of several speciality beverages developed for Universal's Wizarding World of Harry Potter theme park. According to a preview by The New York Times' Neil Genzlinger, "Pumpkin juice (in a cute, pumpkin-topped bottle) is far more interesting [than the park's butterbeer], perhaps because the actual pumpkin content seems minimal – it's more like a feisty apple cider with a little pumpkin thrown in."[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Muggles". Wizarding World. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  2. ^ "How do wizards keep themselves so secret from Muggles?". Wizarding World. 24 January 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  3. ^ Tsintziras, Aya (27 March 2023). "What Year Is Harry Potter Set In?". Game Rant. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  4. ^ Rowling, J. K. "F.A.Q." J. K. Rowling Official Site. Archived from the original on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 24 April 2007.
  5. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2003). "The Noble and Most Ancient House of Black". Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747551006.
  6. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2005). "The House of Gaunt". Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747581088.
  7. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2000). Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Bloomsbury. ISBN 074754624X.
  8. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2003). Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747551006.
  9. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2007). "The Wandmaker". Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Bloomsbury. ISBN 1551929767.
  10. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2007). "Shell Cottage". Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Bloomsbury. ISBN 1551929767.
  11. ^ "J.K. Rowling at the Edinburgh Book Festival". jkrowling.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  12. ^ Oziewicz, Marek (July 2010). "Representations of Eastern Europe in Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials, Jonathan Stroud's The Bartimaeus Trilogy, and J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter Series". International Research in Children's Literature. 3 (1): 1–14. doi:10.3366/ircl.2010.0002. ISSN 1755-6198. S2CID 143553813.
  13. ^ Rowling, J. K. (1999). Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. London: Bloomsbury. Chapter 16. ISBN 0-7475-4215-5. OCLC 41018643.
  14. ^ Niland, Olivia (30 January 2016). "J.K. Rowling just revealed 4 new wizarding schools around the world". Mashable. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  15. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2007). Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Bloomsbury. ISBN 1551929767.
  16. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2000). Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Bloomsbury. ISBN 074754624X.
  17. ^ Quidditch Through The Ages
  18. ^ Quidditch Through the Ages
  19. ^ Site design and technology by Lightmaker.com. "rowling writes about owls". Jkrowling.com. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  20. ^ Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows New York: Scholastic Press, 2007. Page 596.
  21. ^ "Harry Potter newspaper designed by Muggles". Irish Examiner. 27 December 2005. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2007.
  22. ^ "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix". The Official Time Wasters Guide. 10 July 2007. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2007.
  23. ^ Roger Ebert (2006). Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook 2007. Kansas City, Mo.: Andrews McMeel Pub. pp. 285–6. ISBN 978-0-7407-6157-7.
  24. ^ Colette Spanyol. "Harry Potter and the Separation of Powers: A Law and Literature — Review of J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" (PDF). Hertfordshire Law Journal. 3 (1): 12–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2011.
  25. ^ Reading, Jill (2007). "Critical literacy in a global context: Reading Harry Potter". Australian Digital Theses Program. pp. 235–6. Archived from the original on 3 June 2008.
  26. ^ Angela Montefinise (7 August 2007). "The REAL Epilogue". New York Post Blog. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2007.
  27. ^ "Transcript of JK Rowling web chat". 30 June 2007. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2007.
  28. ^ a b Rowling, J. K. (30 July 2007). "J.K. Rowling Web Chat Transcript". The Leaky Cauldron. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2007.
  29. ^ Rupp, Rebecca (24 March 2015). "Lembas and Butterbeer: Your Favorite Fictional Food". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  30. ^ Charlie (17 March 2009). "The Food Blog: Feasting on Butterbeer". Channel 4 News. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010.
  31. ^ a b Neil Genzlinger (7 June 2010). "Muggles Take Flight at the Wizarding World of Harry Potter". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 December 2010.

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fictional_universe_of_Harry_Potter&oldid=1242774909"