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{{Anime and manga}}
{{nihongo|'''''Futanari'''''|ふたなり||seldom: {{lang|ja|二形}}, {{lang|ja|双形}}, literally: ''dual form''; {{lang|ja|二成}}, {{lang|ja|双成}}, literally: "[to be of] two kinds"}} is the [[Japanese language|Japanese]] word for [[hermaphrodite|hermaphroditism]], which is also used in a broader sense for [[androgyny]].<ref name="Leupp">{{cite book |
Beyond Japan, the term has come to be used to describe a [[Hentai|commonly pornographic genre]] of [[eroge]], [[manga]], and [[anime]], which includes characters that show primary sexual characteristics from both [[female]]s and [[male]]s.<ref name="Leupp"/> In today's language, it refers almost exclusively to characters who have
==Historic origins==
[[File:Dosojin01s2040.jpg|thumb|Stones (with ''[[shimenawa]]'') representing ''{{lang|ja-latn|dōsojin}}'' found near [[Karuizawa, Nagano]]]]
The most accredited etymology of the word comes from an ''emakimono'', a type of painted hand scroll, titled ''Yamai No Soushi'' ("Scroll of Illness"), drawn between the heian and kamakura period. In it are several depictions of individuals who possess traits of both typical male and female genitalia. The word ''futanari'' is used in the passage "You shall see how they possess both male and female roots. Truly they are of both forms/kinds/or aspects (futanari)."<ref>{{cite web |title=Diseases and Deformities (Yamai no Sōshi) |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/diseases-and-deformities-yamai-no-s%C5%8Dshi/vwUxsMohoOz3Jg |website=Google Arts & Culture |access-date=2024-05-25}}</ref>
Japanese [[folk religion]] created diverse fantasies related to [[sexual characteristics]]. Traditional vocal pieces that date back hundreds of years deliver rough evidence that a change of gender was not ruled out,<ref name="krauss" />{{rp|78–79}} and that the representation of the gender was used to worship deities such as ''{{lang|ja-latn|[[dōsojin]]}}'', which sometimes had ambiguous gender, being neither male nor female. Gary Leupp adds that the origins might even reach back to the origins of [[Buddhism]], since the deities would not necessarily have a fixed or determinable gender.<ref name="Leupp" />
Likewise, the belief spread that some people could change their gender depending on the [[lunar phase]]. The term {{nihongo|half-moon|半月|hangetsu}} was coined to describe such beings.<ref name="krauss"/>{{rp|79}} [[Japanese clothing|Japanese traditional clothing]], which made distinguishing men from women more difficult, as in other cultures, presumably might have had an influence on this development.<ref name="krauss"/>{{rp|80}} To restrict women from accessing prohibited areas and to avoid smuggling by hiding items in the belt bag<!-- loose clothes which let much room to hide stuff above the belt-->, guard posts were assigned to perform body checks. Historical records indicate that guards liked to joke about this matter quite frequently, resulting in various stories and even poems.<ref name="krauss"/>{{rp|80}} Whether anatomical anomalies, such as [[clitoromegaly]] or [[sex-determination system|unusual physical development]], led to these assumptions remains an open question.<ref name="krauss"/>
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==In anime and manga==
[[File:Futanari2020.jpg|thumb|Example illustration of two futanari variants: one with a scrotum (right) and one without (left), both with breasts, a penis, and a vulva]]
Originally, the Japanese language referred to any character or real person that possessed masculine and feminine traits as ''futanari.''{{Citation needed|reason=Literally any sort of credible evidence needed for this statement, signed, a Japanese-speaker|date=December 2022}} This changed in the 1990s, as drawn futanari characters became more popular in ''[[anime]]'' and ''[[manga]]''. Today, the term commonly refers to fictional hermaphroditic female characters. ''Futanari'' is also used as the term for a specific genre within ''[[hentai]]''-related media ([[pornography|pornographic]] anime or manga) that depicts such characters.
===Origins===
==See also==
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[[Category:Japanese words and phrases]]
[[Category:Intersex in fiction]]
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