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Guaiacum officinale: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{italic title}}
{{speciesbox
{{taxobox
|image = Guaiacum_officinale_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-069.jpg
|name = ''Guaiacum officinale''▼
|image = Koeh-069.jpg
|status = EN
|status_system = iucn2IUCN3.31
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Barstow, M. |date=2019 |title=''Guaiacum officinale'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T33701A68085935 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T33701A68085935.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
|status_ref = <ref name="IUCN">{{IUCN
|genus = ''[[Guaiacum]]''▼
| id = 33701 | taxon = Guaiacum officinale | assessors = Americas Regional Workshop (Conservation & Sustainable Management of Trees, Costa Rica, November 1996) | assessment_year = 1998 | version = 2010.3 | accessdate = 2010-10-03}} Listed as Endangered (EN C2a v2.3)</ref>
▲|namespecies = ''Guaiacum officinale''
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | accessdate=2010-10-03}}</ref>
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|}}▼
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Zygophyllales]]
|familia = [[Zygophyllaceae]]
▲|genus = ''[[Guaiacum]]''
|species = '''''G. officinale'''''
|binomial = ''Guaiacum officinale''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?18047 |title=''Guaiacum officinale'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2003-03-05 |accessdate=2010-10-03}}</ref>
▲|}}
 
'''''Guaiacum officinale''''', commonly known as '''Roughbarkroughbark Lignumlignum-vitae''',<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=29041 |taxon=''Guaiacum sanctum'' |accessdate=2010-10-03}}</ref> '''guaiacwood''' or '''gaïacwood''', is a species of tree in the [[Tribulus terrestris|caltrop]] [[Family (biology)|family]], [[Zygophyllaceae]], that is native to the [[Caribbean]] and the northern coast of [[South America]].<ref name="GRIN"/>▼
[[File:Guaiacum officinale.jpg|thumb|left|''Guaiacum officinale'']]▼
 
▲'''''Guaiacum officinale''''', commonly known as '''Roughbark Lignum-vitae''',<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=29041 |taxon=''Guaiacum sanctum'' |accessdate=2010-10-03}}</ref> is a species of tree in the [[Tribulus terrestris|caltrop]] [[Family (biology)|family]], [[Zygophyllaceae]], that is native to the [[Caribbean]] and the northern coast of [[South America]].<ref name="GRIN"/>
 
==Description==
This small tree is very slow growing, reaching about {{convert|10 |m|abbr=on}} in height with a trunk diameter of {{convert|60&nbsp;|cm|abbr=on}}. The tree is essentially evergreen throughout most of its native range. The leaves are compound, {{convert|2.5 to -3&nbsp;|cm|abbr=on}} in length, and {{convert|2&nbsp;|cm|abbr=on}} wide. The blue flowers have five [[petal]]s that yield a bright-yellow-orange fruit with red flesh and black seeds.
 
▲[[File:Guaiacum officinale.jpg|thumb|leftright|Flowers of ''GuaiacumG. officinale'']]
 
==Symbolism==
''Guaiacum officinale'' is the [[Floral emblem|national flower]] of [[Jamaica]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/Independence/symbols.html |title=National Symbols |work=Emancipation & Independence |publisher=Jamaica Information Service |accessdateaccess-date=2009-01-27 |archive-date=2011-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028013030/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/Independence/symbols.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
==Uses==
''G.Guaiacum officinale'' is one of two species yielding the true [[lignum vitae]], the other being ''[[Guaiacum sanctum]]''. Guaiac, a natural resin extracted from the wood, is a colorless compound that turns blue when placed in contact with substances that have peroxidase activity and then are exposed to hydrogen peroxide. [[Stool guaiac test|Guaiac cards]] are impregnated with the resin and are used in determining whether stool contains blood. The heme portion of hemoglobin contains peroxidase and will catalyze the oxidation of guaiaconic acid when hydrogen peroxide is placed on the Guaiac card if blood is present in the stool.<ref>{{cite book | title = Walker's Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease, 5th| edition, Chapter= 5th | chapter = 46.2b. 'Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding'. p| page = 1285.}}</ref>
 
==Conservation==
Roughbark Lignumlignum-vitae was listed as an [[endangered species]] by the IUCN in 19982019. It has been overexploited for its valuable wood and medicinal products. International trade of this species is restricted because of its placement in [[CITES]] Appendix II.<ref name="IUCNiucn status 19 November 2021" />
 
==References==
{{commonscatReflist}}
 
{{wikispecies}}
==External links==
{{reflist}}
* {{Commons category inline}}
 
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2051175}}
 
[[Category:Guaiacum|officinale]]
[[Category:PlantsFlora describedof inSouthern 1753America]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:National symbols of Jamaica]]
[[Category:FloraPlants ofdescribed Anguillain 1753]]
[[Category:FloraTaxa ofnamed Jamaicaby Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Trees of Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:Trees of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Trees of Barbados]]
[[Category:Trees of Colombia]]
[[Category:Trees of Cuba]]
[[Category:Trees of Dominica]]
[[Category:Trees of Guadeloupe]]
[[Category:Trees of Îles des Saintes]]
[[Category:Trees of Guyana]]
[[Category:Trees of Hispaniola]]
[[Category:Trees of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Trees of Martinique]]
[[Category:Trees of Puerto Rico]]
[[Category:Flora of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Trees of Suriname]]
[[Category:Trees of the Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Trees of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Endangered plants]]
{{rosid-stub}}
 
[[ar:جياك (نبات)]]
[[ca:Guaiac]]
[[es:Guaiacum officinale]]
[[it:Guaiacum officinale]]
[[nl:Guaiacum officinale]]
[[pl:Gwajakowiec lekarski]]
[[ru:Гваяковое дерево]]
[[sl:Gvajak]]
[[th:แก้วเจ้าจอม]]
[[uk:Guaiacum officinale]]
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