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{{Short description|Capital of Babylon Province, Iraq}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Hillah
| other_name =
| native_name = {{lang|ar|ٱلْحِلَّة}} <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| motto =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a =DSC 1056.JPG new-01.jpg
| photo2a = آثار بابل.jpg
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| size = 260
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| image_flag =
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| pushpin_map = Iraq
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Iraq
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Iraq}}
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = [[Babylon Province|Babylon]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
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| subdivision_type4 =
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| government_type =
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| area_total_km2 =
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| population_as_of = 2018
| population_footnotestimezone =
| population_note utc_offset =
| population_total timezone_DST = 455,700
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| coordinates = {{coordCoord|32|2928|39|N|44|2625|53|E|region:IQ-BB_type:city(456,000)|display=inline,title}}▼
| timezone = ▼
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->▼
| utc_offset = ▼
| timezone_DST elevation_m = 34
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->▼
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▲| coordinates = {{coord|32|29|N|44|26|E|region:IQ|display=inline}}
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| elevation_m website = 34
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▲| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code population_est = 455,741
| area_code pop_est_as_of = 2018
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name=“citypop”>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/iraq/cities.html|title=Iraq: Governorates & Cities}}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Ishtar Gate.jpg|thumb|Replica [[Ishtar Gate]] in Hillah]]
'''Hillah''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْحِلَّة}} ''al-Ḥillah''), also spelled '''Hilla''', is a city in central [[Iraq]] on the Hilla branch of the [[Euphrates River]], {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [[Baghdad]]. The population is estimated at 364,700 in 1998. It is the capital of [[Babylon Province]] and is located adjacent to the ancient city of [[Babylon]], and close to the ancient cities of [[Borsippa]] and [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]]. It is situated in a predominantly agricultural region which is extensively irrigated with water provided by the Hilla canal, producing a wide range of crops, fruit and textiles. Its name may be derived from the word "beauty" in Arabic. The river runs exactly in the middle of the town, and it is surrounded by date palm trees and other forms of arid vegetation, reducing the harmful effects of dust and desert wind.▼
 
▲'''Hillah''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْحِلَّة}} ''al-Ḥillah''), also spelled '''Hilla''', is a city in central [[Iraq]] on the Hilla branch of the [[Euphrates River]], {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [[Baghdad]]. The population iswas estimated atto be about 364455,700 in 19982018. It is the capital of [[Babylon Province]] and is located adjacent to the ancient city of [[Babylon]], and close to the ancient cities of [[Borsippa]] and [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]]. It is situated in a predominantly agricultural region which is extensively irrigated with water provided by the Hilla canal, producing a wide range of crops, fruit and textiles. Its name may be derived from the word "beauty" in Arabic. The river runs exactly in the middle of the town, and it is surrounded by date palm trees and other forms of arid vegetation, reducing the harmful effects of dust and desert wind.
The city was once a major center of [[Islam]]ic scholarship and education. The tomb of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] prophet [[Ezekiel]] is reputed to be located in a nearby village, [[Al Kifl]].▼
 
▲The city was once a major center of [[Islam]]ic scholarship and education. The tomb of the [[Judaism|JewishAbrahamic]] prophet [[Ezekiel]] is reputed to be located in a nearby village, [[Al Kifl]].
It became a major administrative centre during the rule of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[British Empire]]s. In the 19th century, the Hilla branch of the Euphrates started to silt up and much agricultural land was lost to drought, but this process was reversed by the construction of the [[Hindiya Barrage]] in 1911–1913, which diverted water from the deeper Hindiya branch of the Euphrates into the Hilla canal.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Money|first=Robert I.|title=The Hindiya Barrage, Mesopotamia|journal=The Geographical Journal|year=1917|volume=50|issue=3|pages=217–222|jstor=1779909|doi=10.2307/1779909|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449322}}<!--|access-date=22 July 2010--></ref> It saw heavy fighting in 1920 during an [[Iraqi revolt of 1920|uprising against the British]], when 300 men of the [[Manchester Regiment]] were apparently defeated in the city.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}}▼
 
▲It became a major administrative centre during the rule of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[British Empire]]s. In the 19th century, the Hilla branch of the Euphrates started to silt up and much agricultural land was lost to drought, but this process was reversed by the construction of the [[Hindiya Barrage]] in 1911–1913, which diverted water from the deeper Hindiya branch of the Euphrates into the Hilla canal.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Money|first=Robert I.|title=The Hindiya Barrage, Mesopotamia|journal=The Geographical Journal|year=1917|volume=50|issue=3|pages=217–222|jstor=1779909|doi=10.2307/1779909|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449322}}<!--|access-date=22 July 2010--></ref> It saw heavy fighting in 1920 during an [[Iraqi revolt of 1920|uprising against the British]], when 300 men of the [[Manchester Regiment]] were apparentlyw defeated in the city.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}}
 
==History==
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===Babylon===
{{main|Babylon}}
Hillah is located near the ruins of ancient Babylon. It is likely that Babylon was founded in the third millennium BC and rose to prominence over the next thousand years. By the 18th century BC the city was the centre of the empire of [[Hammurabi]]. Various empires controlled Babylon over the following centuries. Babylon briefly regained independence during the [[Neo-Babylonian empire]] towards the end of the 7th century BC, most notably under the reign of king [[Nebuchadnezzar II]], but came under Persian ruleoccupation in the 6th century BC. In the 4th century BC, [[Alexander the Great]] captured Babylon. Babylon remained a notable Persian province until the 7th century AD, and then fell into decline.
 
The ruins of Babylon have suffered greatly due to looting and destructive policies. Parts of Nebuchadnezzar's palace and some of the old city walls still remain. [[Saddam Hussein]] commissioned a non-scientific, much controversial "restoration" of ancient Babylon on part of the site, in the process destroying much of the ancient site all the way to the foundations for the purpose. A modern palace was constructed for himrestored on what was purported to have been [[Nebuchadnezzar]] ancient palace. A reconstruction of the [[Ishtar Gate]] is displayed in the [[Pergamon Museum]] in Berlin.
 
===Birth of Hillah===
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===2003 US invasion===
Hillah was the scene of relatively heavy fighting in the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] on and around April 1, 2003. Iraqi casualties from the Medina Division of the Republican Guard were unknown but heavy,casualties withreached severalin hundredthe reportedseveral tohundreds have been killed in fierce fighting withfor the [[United States Army]]'s [[70th Armor Regiment|2-70th Armor]]. AfterFollowing the battleinvasion, with[[1st theBattalion Medina4th Division the US Army forcesMarines]] movedhad toits Baghdadheadquarters andat the [[Unitedabandoned StatesTariq MarinePistol Corps|U.S.Factory Marine]]for forces6 took over responsibilitiesmonths in Al Hillah2003.
 
Shortly after the invasion a mass grave site was reported by locals to be in the area around Hillah. Local citizens and members of ORHA, and NMCB-15 (Naval Mobile Construction Battalion) worked together to exhume thousands of Iraqis who had been killed by Iraq's security forces during the uprising against the government in 1991.
[[File:Babylon Ruins Marines.jpeg|thumb|250px|[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] in Babylon ruins]]
 
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* On March 6, 2007, 114 people were killed and at least 147 people were wounded in two [[2007 Al Hillah bombings|car bomb attacks targeting Shia pilgrims]].
*On May 10, 2010, a series of three to four suicide car bombs at the 'State Company for Textile Industries' in the city killed a total of 45 people and left 140 wounded.<ref name="afp1">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ivtK8MT02_eZ0Pa8CtFIHXPkncYw
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513030016/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ivtK8MT02_eZ0Pa8CtFIHXPkncYw
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=May 13, 2010
|title=102 killed in Iraq's bloodiest day this year| publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]]| author = Abbas al-Ani| access-date=1 November 2010| date=10 May 2010}}</ref>
*On March 6, 2016, a truck bomb hit a military checkpoint in Hillah, killing at least 60 people and wounding more than 70. The [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the bombing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Islamic State truck bomb kills at least 60 people south of Baghdad|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-iraq-blast-idUSKCN0W80ED|work=Reuters|date=6 March 2016}}</ref>
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==Geology and natural resources==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
A detailed scientific study at the University of Babylon proved that Babil province is rich with natural untapped oil, gas and minerals of economic and industrial rocks and sediments of rivers and groundwater that can be exploited to intensify studies, geophysical surveys and mining.
 
==Health==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
[[Babil]] provincegovernorate has ten hospitals with 1,200 beds. At the beginning of 2005, the local health department announced some plans to build two hospitals with 50 beds each near Al-Khifil and Al-Shomaly. Major hospitals in Hillah, will also receive major renovations. Staff master plan is to raise the level of training of personnel in the field of nursing and re-construction of new health centers across the province.▼
 
Hillah contains four major government hospitals and they are: Hillah General Teaching Hospital, Babylon Hospital for Women and Children, MirjanMerjan Teaching Hospital, and Al Noor Hospital for Children.▼
▲[[Babil]] province has ten hospitals with 1,200 beds. At the beginning of 2005, the local health department announced some plans to build two hospitals with 50 beds each near Al-Khifil and Al-Shomaly. Major hospitals in Hillah, will also receive major renovations. Staff master plan is to raise the level of training of personnel in the field of nursing and re-construction of new health centers across the province.
 
▲Hillah contains four major government hospitals and they are: Hillah General Teaching Hospital, Babylon Hospital for Women and Children, Mirjan Teaching Hospital, and Al Noor Hospital for Children.
 
Since 2008, Hillah has hosted an annual medical conference under the slogan "Babylon .. cultural capital of Iraq .. the future of medicine in scientific research". The conference offers a number of scientific presentations that address the medical health and education in the country and projects to support health and medical research in the future. There is also an exhibition of modern medical devices and electric vehicles for people with disabilities, in addition to medicines and treatments.
The bast medical laboratory is called Al-Zahawi medical lab. and it is run by the well-known Dr. Anmar D. Ghazalah
 
==Culture==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
Hillah has a rich cultural history and is widely publishedmentioned in history books, literature, geography, and biographies. The single most famous medieval Shia theologian, Allamah Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Hasan [[Allamah Al-Hilli|al-Hilli]] iswas a native sonof Hillah. It was chosen as the cultural capital of Iraq in 2008 because of its large cultural gatherings and art galleries, as well as the many talents in all fields of culture and art, particularly poetry, writing, music and vocals.
 
And manyMany well known [[Iraqi literature|Iraqi writers]] have written about itthe city, including: Mr. Abdul-Razzaq al-Husseini, Abd al-Qadir al-Zahawi, Mohammad Mehdi Aljawahiri, [[Safa Khulusi#Literary history of Ma.27ruf al-Rusafi|Rusafi]], Sahtia AlHasri, Dr. Fadel Aljamali, Thi Alnun Ayoub, Dr Ali Jawad Tahir, and [[Ahmad al-Safi al-Najafi]].
 
Many writers, poets, and artists have also come from Hillah, including: Sharif Alrhdi, Dheyaa Hamio, Saifuddin Al-Hilly, Mohammed Mahdi Albasir, Ali Jawad Tahir, archaeologistarchaeologists Ahmed Sosa, [[Taha BaqerBaqir]], and Ahmed Saeed.
 
Other medieval scholars native to Hillah are [[Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]] and [[Ali ibn Tawus al-Hilli|Ibn Tawus]].
Jamāl ad-Dīn Hasan ibn Yusuf ibn 'Ali ibn-i Mûtahhar[1] al-Hilli (Arabic: جمال الدين الحسن بن يوسف الحلي), also known as al-Allamah al-Hilli (Arabic: العلامة الحلي, "the sage from Hilla"),[2] born December 15, 1250 CE (19 Ramadan 648 AH), died December 18, 1325, was a Twelver Shia theologian and mujtahid. Known as a Marja' (Grand Ayatollah), he was one of the well known Shia scholars of his time. His full name is Jamal al-Din Abu Mansur Hasan ibn Yusuf ibn Mutahhar al-Hilli. We know of at least one hundred books written by him, some of which are still in the form of manuscripts.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Muhammad bin Al-Hassan al Hurr Al- Amili in his work Amal al Amil, p.&nbsp;40, enumerated no less than 67 works of this learned author.
 
==Education==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
 
The Ottomans established modern schools, including the school [[Al Rashidiya|Al-Rashidiya]] where material was taught in [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. The first elementary school in Hillah was Madrasat Al-Sharqia, which was founded in 1918 with one class and twenty students. It was located in the top floor of the Grand Mosque and the first director of it was Mr. Abdul Mahdi al-Hilali. Later the school moved to a building on the Shatt al-Hilla with four classes, but this school was not stable because the majority of students leave these schools to study at the seminary. The first secondary school in Hillah, established in 1927, was Al-Hillah Secondary School. Another school was Moderiat Alm'arif, founded in year 1931.
 
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===Alberes===
Alberes is situated south of Hillah, approximately 24 km (14.9 mi) away. It has a tower found between Hillah and Al-Khifil. Its current name is a distortion of the name Old Babylonian "بورسيا" (which is now a newspaper) and its Sumerian meaning is "sword of the sea", because it was located on the Ghadeer edge along the banks of the Sea of Najaf.
 
==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
*[[Najih al-Mamouri]] (born 1944), short story writer, novelist, and researcher<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2022-07-04 |archive-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202154123/https://www.alnaked-aliraqi.net/article/70299.php |date=2019-11-29 |language=ar |title=ناجح المعموري : أسعد اللامي وأحلام البقاء (ملف/9) |url=https://www.alnaked-aliraqi.net/article/70299.php |website=الناقد العراقي}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
 
==See also==
* [[List of places in Iraq]]
 
{{coord|32|29|N|44|26|E|type:city|display=title}}
 
==References==
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**{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Hillah |short=x |noicon=x}}
}}
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iik25wqIuFo
{{Districts of Iraq}}
 
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