Content deleted Content added
I added an example of adjective in a-stem |
Bold character for suffixes |
||
Line 22:
|-
! ''[[Nominative]]''
|'''-
|-
![[Ergative case|''Ergative'']]
Line 28:
|-
! ''[[Vocative]]''
| '''-
|-
! ''[[Accusative]]''
| '''-(a)n'''; '''-∅''' ''[n]''||'''-uš''' ''[c.];'' '''-
|-
! ''[[Genitive]]''
Line 50:
Given that the nominal root ends with the thematic vowel -a and some suffixes starts in a vowel, the final -a in the root is elided (e.g., ''attaš'', "father" > dat-loc. ''atti'', not ''*attai'').
Neuter nouns in the accusative singular take -n only if the thematic vowel is ''-a-'', e.g., yukan (plough). All the other neuter nouns take ''-a'' (sometimes indicated as the "zero-ending" -∅). As for the neuter accusative plural, names belonging to the common/animate gender take ''-uš'', while names belonging to the neuter gender take
In MH, two more plural suffixes were created for the nominative and accusative (nom. ''-eš,'' ''-uš, -aš''; acc. ''-uš,'' ''-eš, -aš''). Then, the allative and instrumental cases both merged with dative-locative ''-az(a)''. The use of old allative ''-a'' and old instrumental ''-it'' in NH are archaisms. In NH, all the three plural suffixes for nouns of common gender in the two strong cases (nominative and accusative) collapsed into ''-uš'', with only some exceptions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hoffner |first=Harry A. |title=A grammar of the Hittite language |last2=Melchert |first2=H. Craig |date=2008 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |isbn=978-1-57506-119-1 |series=Languages of the ancient near east |location=Winona Lake, Ind |pages=70}}</ref> In OH, the original suffix of the genitive plural is ''-an''; then, a new suffix ''-aš'' was coined in Late OH and displaced ''-an'' in NH.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hoffner |first=Harry A. |title=A grammar of the Hittite language. pt. 1: Reference grammar |last2=Melchert |first2=Harold Craig |date=2008 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |isbn=978-1-57506-119-1 |series=Languages of the ancient near east / editoral board Gonzalo Rubio |location=Winona Lake, Ind |pages=73}}</ref>
Line 69:
|-
! '''''Nom.'''''
| antuḫš'''aš''', att'''aš''', ann'''aš''', išḫ'''āš''', arun'''aš'''|| antuḫš'''eš''', atti'''ēš''', ann'''iš''' ''(irr.),'' išḫ'''eš'''
|-
!'''''Erg.'''''
|
|-
! '''''Voc.'''''
| [*
|-
! '''''Acc.'''''
| antūḫš'''an''', att'''an''', ann'''an''', išḫ'''ān'''|| antuḫš'''uš''', att'''uš''', ann'''(i)uš''', išḫ'''uš'''
|-
! '''''Gen.'''''
| antuḫš'''aš''', att'''aš''', ann'''aš''', išḫ'''āš'''|| antuḫš'''an''', att'''an''', [*ann'''an'''], išḫ'''ān''' > -'''aš'''
|-
! '''''Dat-loc.'''''
| antuḫš'''i''', att'''i''', ann'''i''', išḫ'''ī'''|| antuḫš'''aš''', add'''aš''', [*ann'''aš'''], išḫ'''aš'''
|-
! '''''Abl.'''''
|
|-
! '''''All.'''''
|
|-
! '''''Instr.'''''
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Line 101:
|-
|'''''Nom.'''''
|yuk'''an''', ped'''an''', ek'''an'''
|[*
|-
|'''''Erg.'''''
|[*
|[*yuk'''antēš''', *ped'''antēš''', *ek'''antēš'''] ''[n.]''
|-
|'''''Voc.'''''
|[*
| - - -
|-
|'''''Acc.'''''
|[*
|[*
|-
|'''''Gen.'''''
|yuk'''aš''', ped'''aš''', ek'''aš'''
|[*
|-
|'''''Dat-loc.'''''
|yuk'''i''', ped'''i''', ek'''i'''
|[*
|-
|'''''Abl.'''''
|[*
|[*
|-
|'''''All.'''''
|[*
| - - -
|-
|'''''Instr.'''''
|
|
|}
|