|
| elevation_m = 575
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of = 20232024-01-01
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 20232024|url=https://wwwcsu.czsogov.cz/csu/czsoprodukty/population-of-municipalities-1-january-2023qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=20232024-05-2317}}</ref>
| population_total = 20872101
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
}}
'''Hranice''' ({{IPA-|cs|ˈɦraɲɪtsɛ}}; {{lang-de|Roßbach}}) is a town in [[Cheb District]] in the [[Karlovy Vary Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 2,100 inhabitants.
==Administrative parts==
==Etymology==
The old German name ''Rossbach'' means "Horse'horse brook"', referring to the brook where first inhabitants watered their horses. Therefore the horse appears on the town's coat of arms and flag.<ref name=historie>{{cite web |title=Historie|url=https://www.mestohranice.cz/mesto/historie/|publisher=Město Hranice|language=cs|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref>
In Czech, ''hranice'' means "'border"'. Following the [[partition of Germany]], a border [[tripoint]] (between Czechoslovakia, West and East Germany) was situated near the town, for which the village of Trojmezí (literally "Tripoint") is named. The village is also the tripoint of the three historical regions of [[Bohemia]], [[Bavaria]] and [[Saxony]].
==Geography==
Hranice is located about {{convert|28|km}} northwest of [[Cheb]] and {{convert|49|km|abbr=on}} northwestwest of [[ChebKarlovy Vary]]. It lies in the [[Aš#Geography|Aš]] Panhandle region, in the westernmost part of the region, on the border with [[Germany]]. It neighbors the German municipalities of [[Bad Elster]] to the southeast, [[Adorf]] to the northeast, [[Eichigt]] to the north, [[Regnitzlosau]] to the west, and [[Rehau]] to the southwest.
Hranice is situated in the [[Fichtel Mountains]]. The highest point ofis the municipal territory ishill Studánecký vrch, at {{convert|697|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The areamunicipal territory is rich in minor watercourses. The brook Hranický potok/Tetterweinbach brook springsoriginates in the town and flows through Hranice. The streams Bystřina and Rokytnice form a significant part of the Czech-German border.
==History==
[[File:Hranice (Cheb District) evangelic church 2009-07-08.jpg| Evangelicthumb|Evangelical church ]]▼
The town was probably founded at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. The first unverified mentions of the town come from the beginning of the 14th century. The first verified written mention of Hranice dates to 1413, when the town was bought by the [[House of Zedtwitz]].<ref name=historie/> Before that time, Hranice was the property of the [[County of Neipperg|Neipperg]]s. At the end of the 14th century, the Neippergs ran into financial trouble and sold the town. The House of Zedwitz controlled Hranice and the whole region around Aš for almost 500 years.
In the 1930s, a group of [[Sudeten German]] settlers from Hranice immigrated to [[Chile]] and founded the settlement of [[Puyuhuapi]], where they lived and intermarried with [[Mapuche]]s from [[Chiloé Archipelago]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Puyuhuapi History and Legends|url=https://www.interpatagonia.com/puyuhuapi/historia_i.html|publisher=InterPatagonia|access-date=2022-04-13}}</ref>
===Textile industry===
In the 19th century, the [[textile industry]] expanded rapidly in the region, including in Hranice. Beginning in 1806, a local textile factory was one of the most successful in [[Bohemia]]. In 1840, however, a plan to build a new road through the town was rejected by the local council. Because Hranice had no railway connection and only bad roads, the textile industry there began to decline. Two new railway routes – one [[Cheb–Hranice v Čechách railway|from Aš to Hranice]] (established in 1885) and the other from Hranice to [[Adorf]] (established in 1906) – helped the local industry greatly.{{cn|date=May 2023}}
==Demographics==
|2011|2096
|2021|1998
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Cheb|url=https://wwwcsu.czsogov.cz/documentsprodukty/10180/20537734/130084150411.pdf/7f6e9a51historicky-6de4lexikon-42a7obci-82291869-f58318d5cd2c?version=1.2az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office|pages=3–4]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}
==Transport==
[[File:L01 863 Bf Roßbach, Wartehalle.jpg|thumb|Train station]]
On the Czech-German border are two road border crossings: ''Hranice / Ebmath'' and ''Hranice / Bad Elster''.
Hranice is the terminus of a railway line from [[Aš]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Hranice v Čechách|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/hranice-v-cechach/5473065|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref>
==Sights==
==Notable people==
*[[Rudolf Dölling]] (1902–1975), German politician and major general
==Gallery==
<gallery>
▲Hranice (Cheb District) evangelic church 2009-07-08.jpg|Evangelic church
Hranice (Cheb District) WW1 Memorial 2008-05-25.jpg|World War I memorial
Bahnhof rossbach.jpg|Train station
</gallery>
==References==
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