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{{Infobox settlement
{{Geobox | Settlement
| name = Hranice
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name other_name = Hranice
| other_namesettlement_type = [[Obec|Town]]
<!-- images -->
| category = Town
| image_skyline = Hranice (Cheb District) aerial view 2008-07-01.jpg
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| imageimage_caption = Aerial view =of Hranice (Cheb District) aerial view 2008-07-01.jpg
| image_captionimage_flag = Aerial view of = Hranice,vlajka.jpg
| image_shield = Hranice,znak.jpg
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
<!-- location -->
| flag =
| symbol subdivision_type = Hranice (Cheb District) CoA.pngCountry
| subdivision_name = {{CZE}}
<!-- *** Name *** -->
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| etymology =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karlovy Vary Region|Karlovy Vary]]
| official_name =
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| motto =
| nicknamesubdivision_name2 = [[Cheb =District|Cheb]]
<!-- ***maps Countryand etc. ***coordinates -->
| countryimage_map = Czech Republic =
| country_flagmap_caption = 1
| state pushpin_map = Czech Republic
| region pushpin_relief = [[Karlovy Vary Region|Karlovy Vary]]1
| region_type pushpin_map_caption = [[RegionsLocation ofin the Czech Republic|Region]]
| coordinates = {{coord|50|18|17|N|12|10|33|E|display=inline,title}}
| district = [[Cheb District|Cheb]]
| coordinates_footnotes =
| district_type = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| commune = Aš
| municipalityleader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Daniel Mašlár
<!-- *** Family *** -->
<!-- established -->
| part =
| riverestablished_title = First =mentioned
| established_date = 1413
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
<!-- area -->
| location =
| elevationarea_footnotes = 575
| lat_d area_total_km2 = 5031.79
<!-- elevation -->
| lat_m = 18
| lat_s elevation_footnotes = 16.52
| lat_NSelevation_m = N575
<!-- population -->
| long_d = 12
| long_m population_as_of = 102024-01-01
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| long_s = 32.78
| long_EW population_total = E2101
| population_density_km2 = auto
| highest =
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| highest_elevation =
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| highest_lat_d =
| highest_long_dutc_offset1 = +1
| lowesttimezone1_DST = [[Central =European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| lowest_elevation =
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| lowest_lat_d =
| lowest_long_dpostal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 351 24
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| area area_code_type = 31.80
| area_roundarea_code = 2
<!-- ***website, Population ***footnotes -->
| populationwebsite = 2272{{URL|https://www.mestohranice.cz/}}
| population_datefootnotes = 2005
| population_density = auto
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established =
| established_type =
| mayor = Jan Hýbl
<!-- *** Codes *** -->
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code = 351 24
| area_code =
| code =
<!-- *** Free frields *** -->
| free =
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = Czechia - outline map.svg
| map_background = Czechia - background map.png
| map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| map_locator = Czechia
| map1 = Hranice CH CZ.png
| map1_caption = Location in [[Cheb District]]
<!-- *** Websites *** -->
| commons = Hranice
| statistics = [http://www.statnisprava.cz/ebe/ciselniky.nsf/i/554553 statnisprava.cz]
| website = [http://www.mestohranice.cz/ www.mestohranice.cz]
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
 
'''Hranice''' ([[German language|German]]: ''Rossbach'') is a border town in [[Cheb District]] in the [[Karlovy Vary Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. In 2005 the town had a population of 2,272.
'''Hranice''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈɦraɲɪtsɛ}}; {{lang-de|Roßbach}}) is a town in [[Cheb District]] in the [[Karlovy Vary Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 2,100 inhabitants.
 
==Administrative parts==
The villages of Pastviny, Studánka and Trojmezí are administrative parts of Hranice.
 
==Etymology==
The old German name ''Rossbach'' means 'horse brook', referring to the brook where first inhabitants watered their horses. Therefore the horse appears on the town's coat of arms and flag.<ref name=historie>{{cite web |title=Historie|url=https://www.mestohranice.cz/mesto/historie/|publisher=Město Hranice|language=cs|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref>
 
In Czech, ''hranice'' means 'border'. Following the [[partition of Germany]], a border [[tripoint]] (between Czechoslovakia, West and East Germany) was situated near the town, for which the village of Trojmezí (literally "Tripoint") is named. The village is also the tripoint of the three historical regions of [[Bohemia]], [[Bavaria]] and [[Saxony]].
 
==Geography==
Hranice liesis twelvelocated kilometresabout north{{convert|28|km}} northwest of [[AšCheb]], inand the{{convert|49|km|abbr=on}} northernmost partwest of the region, at about 575 meters above sea[[Karlovy levelVary]]. TheIt villageslies ofin Trojmezíthe and[[Aš#Geography|Aš]] KozíPanhandle Hřbetyregion, toin the westwesternmost part of the townregion, Krásňany toon the east,border Pastvinywith to[[Germany]]. theIt southwest, and Studánka and Novosedly toneighbors the southGerman are partsmunicipalities of Hranice.[[Bad ItElster]] neighborsto the southeast, [[Germany|GermanAdorf]] townsto ofthe northeast, [[Bad ElsterEichigt]] to the southeastnorth, Gettengrün[[Regnitzlosau]] to the northeastwest, and [[EbmathRehau]] to the northsouthwest.
 
Hranice is situated in the [[Fichtel Mountains]]. The highest point is the hill Studánecký vrch at {{convert|697|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The municipal territory is rich in minor watercourses. The brook Hranický potok/Tetterweinbach originates in the town and flows through Hranice. The streams Bystřina and Rokytnice form a significant part of the Czech-German border.
 
==History==
[[File:Hranice (Cheb District) evangelic church 2009-07-08.jpg|thumb|Evangelical church]]
The first written mention of Hranice dates to 1413, when the town was bought by the [[House of Zedtwitz]]. Before that time, Hranice was the property of the [[Neipperg|Neuberg]]s. At the end of the 14th century, the Neubergs ran into financial trouble and sold the town. The House of Zedwitz controlled Hranice and the whole region around Aš for almost 500 years.
The town was probably founded at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. The first unverified mentions of the town come from the beginning of the 14th century. The first verified written mention of Hranice dates to 1413, when the town was bought by the [[House of Zedtwitz]].<ref name=historie/> Before that time, Hranice was the property of the [[County of Neipperg|Neipperg]]s. At the end of the 14th century, the Neippergs ran into financial trouble and sold the town. The House of Zedwitz controlled Hranice and the whole region around Aš for almost 500 years.
 
In 1822 a new school was built. In 1850, a post office was opened and in 1868, the first fire squad was established. In 1882, Hranice was promoted to a [[městys|market town]].<ref name=historie/>
In 1542, [[Lutheranism]] first appeared in the village.
 
In the 1930s, a group of [[Sudeten German]] settlers from Hranice immigrated to [[Chile]] and founded the settlement of [[Puyuhuapi]], where they lived and intermarried with [[Mapuche]]s from [[Chiloé Archipelago]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Puyuhuapi History and Legends|url=https://www.interpatagonia.com/puyuhuapi/historia_i.html|publisher=InterPatagonia|access-date=2022-04-13}}</ref>
In 1633, the [[bubonic plague]] killed forty people in the town.
 
==Demographics==
In 1822 a new school was built, in 1850 a post office was opened, and in 1868 the first fire squad was established.
{{historical populations
<!-- There is an error in this sentence somewhere; neither Joseph I nor any other Holy Roman Emperor was alive in 1881! "In 1881, Emperor [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]] gave Hranice [[market rights]]." -->
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|5982
|1880|6296
|1890|6047
|1900|6568
|1910|7281
|1921|6357
|1930|6922
|1950|3160
|1961|2417
|1970|2496
|1980|2428
|1991|2280
|2001|2266
|2011|2096
|2021|1998
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}
 
==Transport==
===Textile industry===
[[File:L01 863 Bf Roßbach, Wartehalle.jpg|thumb|Train station]]
In the 19th century the [[textile industry]] expanded rapidly in the region, including in Hranice. Beginning in 1806, a local textile factory was one of the most successful in [[Bohemia]]. In 1840, however, a plan to build a new road through the town was rejected by the local council. Because Hranice had no railway connection and only bad roads, the textile industry there began to decline. Two new railway routes – one [[Cheb–Hranice v Čechách railway|from Aš to Hranice]] (established in 1885) and the other from Hranice to [[Adorf]] (established in 1906) – helped local industry greatly.
On the Czech-German border are two road border crossings: ''Hranice / Ebmath'' and ''Hranice / Bad Elster''.
 
Hranice is the terminus of a railway line from [[Aš]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Hranice v Čechách|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/hranice-v-cechach/5473065|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref>
==The name of the town==
In [[Czech language|Czech]], ''Hranice'' means "border". The old [[German language|German name]], ''Rossbach'', means "horse brook". Following the [[partition of Germany]], a border tripoint (between Czechoslovakia, West and East Germany) was situated near the town, for which the village of Trojmezí is named.
 
==LandmarksSights==
Notable buildings in Hranice include the Evangelic church, built in the 17th century, and the Catholic Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, built in 1894.<ref name=historie/>
=== Buildings ===
Notable buildings in Hranice include the Evangelic Church, built in the 14th century, and the Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary, built in 1894.
 
There are several memorials: a World War I memorial built in 1928, a World War II memorial, and a memorial to a [[Royal Air Force]] pilot who crashed in the area during World War II.
===Memorials===
Hranice contains a World War I memorial, built in 1928, along with a World War II memorial and a memorial to an [[Royal Air Force]] pilot who crashed in the area during World War II.
 
==GalleryNotable people==
*[[Rudolf Dölling]] (1902–1975), German politician and major general
<gallery>
Image:Hranice (Cheb District) evangelic church 2009-07-08.jpg|Evangelic church.
Image:Hranice (Cheb District) WW1 Memorial 2008-05-25.jpg|WW1 memorial.
Image:Bahnhof rossbach.jpg|Train station.
</gallery>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>
 
==External links==
{{Commonscommons catcategory|Hranice (Cheb District)}}
* [http{{official|https://www.mestohranice.cz/ Municipal website]}}
 
{{Town of Hranice}}
{{Cheb District}}
 
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hranice (Cheb District)}}
 
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Populated places in Cheb District]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hranice_(Cheb_District)"