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→Cradles of civilization: Bantu expansion was also in eastern africa |
→Academic research: this is already included in anthropology, mentioned in the previous sentence, and probably not important enough to be mentioned separately |
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The study of human history has a long tradition and early precursors were already practiced in the ancient period as attempts to provide comprehensive accounts of the history of the world.{{efn|Some historian use the terms ''[[World history (field)|world history]]'' and ''global history'' to refer to all these attempts while others understand world history and global history in a more narrow sense as one among several competing approaches to study the development of the world on a global scale.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Clavin|2005|pp=435–436}}|{{harvnb|Christian|2015a|p=3}}|{{harvnb|Hughes-Warrington|2015|p=41}}|{{harvnb|Conrad|2016|pp=217–219}}}}</ref>}} Most research before the 20th century focused on histories of individual communities and societies after the prehistoric period. This changed in the late 20th century, when attempts to integrate the diverse narratives into a common context reaching back to the emergence of the first humans became a central research topic.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Christian|2015a|pp=1–4}}|{{harvnb|Northrup|2015|pp=111–112}}| {{harvnb|Cajani|2013|loc=§ Current Trends}}|{{harvnb|Andrea|Neel|2011|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=s5X3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 1–2]}} }}</ref> This transition to a widened perspective was accompanied by questioning [[Eurocentrism]] and the Western-focused perspective that had previously dominated academic history.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Christian|2015a|pp=2–4}}|{{harvnb|Northrup|2015|pp=110–111}}}}</ref>
Like in other historical disciplines, the [[Historical method|methodology]] of analyzing textual sources to construct narratives and interpretations of past events plays a central role in the study of human history. The scope of its topic poses the unique challenge of synthesizing a coherent and comprehensive narrative spanning different cultures, regions, and time periods while taking diverse individual perspectives into account. This is also reflected in its [[Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary approach]] by integrating insights from fields belonging to the [[humanities]] and the [[Social sciences|social]], biological, and [[physical sciences]], such as other [[History|historical disciplines]], [[archaeology]], [[anthropology]], [[linguistics]], [[genetics]], [[paleontology]], and [[geology]]. The interdisciplinary approach
===Periodization===
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