IBM Quantum Platform

The IBM Quantum Experience (previously known as the IBM Q Experience) is an online platform that gives users in the general public access to a set of IBM's prototype quantum processors via the cloud. It also includes a set of tutorials on quantum computation, and access to an interactive textbook. It is an example of cloud-based quantum computing. As of February 2021, there are over 20 devices on the IBM Quantum Experience, six of which are freely available for the public. This service can be used to run algorithms and experiments, and explore tutorials and simulations around what might be possible with quantum computing

IBM's quantum processors are made up of superconducting transmon qubits, located in a dilution refrigerator at the IBM Research headquarters at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Users interact with a quantum processor through the quantum circuit model of computation, applying quantum gates on the qubits using a GUI called the quantum composer, writing quantum assembly language code or through Qiskit.

History

• The service was launched in May 2016 with a five-qubit quantum processor and matching simulator connected in a star shaped pattern. At this time, users could only interact with the hardware through the quantum composer GUI. Quantum circuits were also limited to the specific two-qubit gates available on the hardware.

• In July 2016, IBM launched the IBM Quantum Experience community forum. This was subsequently replaced by a Slack workspace.

• In January 2017, IBM made a number of additions to the IBM Quantum Experience, including increasing the set of two-qubit interactions available on the five-qubit quantum processor, expanding the simulator to custom topologies up to twenty qubits, and allowing users to interact with the device and simulator using quantum assembly language code.

• In March 2017, IBM released Qiskit to enable users to more easily write code and run experiments on the quantum processor and simulator. A user guide for beginners was also added.

• In May 2017, IBM made an additional 16-qubit processor available on the IBM Quantum Experience.

• In January 2018, IBM launched a quantum awards program, which it hosts on the IBM Quantum Experience.

• In May 2019 a large overhaul of the service was made, including the addition of web-hosted Jupyter notebooks and integration with the online and interactive Qiskit textbook.

Quantum Composer

Screenshot showing the result of running a GHZ state experiment using the IBM Quantum Composer

The Quantum Composer is a graphic user interface (GUI) designed by IBM to allow users to construct various quantum algorithms or run other quantum experiments. Users may see the results of their quantum algorithms by either running it on a real quantum processor and using "units" or by using a simulator. Algorithms developed in the Quantum Composer are referred to as a "quantum score", in reference to the Quantum Composer resembling a musical sheet.

The composer can also be used in scripting mode, where the user can write programs in the QASM-language instead.

Example script

Below is an example in OpenQASM of a very small program, built for IBMs 5-qubit computer. The program instructs the computer to generate the state $|\Psi \rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}\left(|000\rangle +|111\rangle \right)$, a 3-qubit GHZ state, which can be thought of as a variant of the Bell state, but with three qubits instead of two. It then measures the state, forcing it to collapse to one of the two possible outcomes, $|000\rangle$ or $|111\rangle$.

include "qelib1.inc"
qreg q[5];                // allocate 5 qubits (set automatically to |00000>)
creg c[5];                // allocate 5 classical bits

h q[0];                   // Hadamard-transform qubit 0
cx q[0], q[1];            // conditional pauli X-transform (ie. "CNOT") of qubits 0 and 1
                          // At this point we have a 2-qubit Bell state (|00> + |11>)/sqrt(2)

cx q[1], q[2];            // this expands entanglement to the 3rd qubit

measure q[0] -> c[0];     // this measurement collapses the entire 3-qubit state
measure q[1] -> c[1];     // therefore qubit 1 and 2 read the same value as qubit 0
measure q[2] -> c[2];

Every instruction in the QASM language is the application of a quantum gate, initialization of the chips registers to zero or measurement of these registers.

Usage

• In 2018 IBM reported that there were over 80,000 users of the IBM Quantum Experience, who have collectively run over 3 million experiments.

• Many academic papers have been published by researchers who have conducted experiments using the service.

• University professors have integrated examples and experiments based on the IBM Quantum Experience into their educational curricula.

• Dr. Christine Corbett Moran, a postdoctoral fellow at the California Institute of Technology, used the IBM Quantum Experience while she was doing research in Antarctica.

• Tara Tosic, a physics student at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), used the IBM Quantum Experience while she was doing research in the Arctic.

• People have also used the IBM Quantum Experience for various non-academic purposes. One user has begun developing games using the IBM Quantum Experience, including one titled "quantum battleships".

External links

• IBM Quantum Experience