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{{Short description|Andalusian Muslim polymath (994–1064)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox religious biography
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|denomination=[[Sunni]]
|jurisprudence=[[Zahiri]]
|creed=
<!-- In various sources Ibn Hazm is described as Atharite, and in other sources as an independent theologian who critiqued Asharite school, but with views that diverged from Atharism. Based on this, it is more appropriate to categorise Ibn Hazm simply as an independent Zahirite/Literalist theologian. --><!-- According to, "Kılavuz, Ulvi Murat. "İbn Hazm'da Nübüvvet Tasavvuru." Review of the Faculty of Theology of Uludag University 24.1 (2015).", Ibn Hazm does not belong to any particular school, representing Sunni theology generally. Kılavuz' work is dedicated to Ibn Hazm's theology and so his view is preferred over the passing remark of Halverson that he follows the Hanbalite/Athari tradition.
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'''Ibn Hazm'''{{efn|Full name '''Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm al-Andalusī''' ({{
In all, his written works amounted to some 80,000 pages.<ref>Ibrahim Kalin, Salim Ayduz (ed.), ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam'', Volume 1, p. 328</ref> Also described as one of the fathers of [[comparative religion]], the ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'' refers to him as having been one of the leading thinkers of the [[Muslim world]].<ref name="brill" /><ref>''Islamic Desk Reference'', pg. 150. Ed. E. J. Van Donzel. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1994. {{ISBN|9789004097384}}</ref>
==Personal life==
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Ibn Hazm lived among the circle of the ruling hierarchy of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] government. His experiences produced an eager and observant attitude, and he gained an excellent education at Córdoba.
After the death of the grand vizier, [[Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar|al-Muzaffar]], in 1008, the Caliphate of Iberia became embroiled in a civil war that lasted until 1031 and resulted in the collapse of the central authority of Córdoba and the emergence of many smaller
[[File:Majorca and Minorca by Piri Reis.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Historic map of Majorca and Minorca by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] admiral [[Piri Reis]].]]
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== Works ==
{{main|List of works by ibn Hazm}}
Much of Ibn Hazm's substantial body of works,<ref name="hadithsunnah">{{cite web |title=USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/scienceofhadith/asb2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081128185832/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/scienceofhadith/asb2.html |archive-date=28 November 2008 |access-date=12 September 2010 |publisher=Usc.edu}}</ref><ref name="Arberry">Ibn Hazm. ''[http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/hazm/dove/preface.html The Ring of the Dove: A Treatise on the Art and Practice of Arab Love]'' (Preface). Trans. A. J. Arberry. Luzac Oriental, 1997 {{ISBN|1-898942-02-1}}</ref><ref name="brill" /><ref name="gulf" /> which approached that of [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari]] and [[As-Suyuti]]'s, was burned in Seville by his sectarian and political opponents. His surviving works, while criticised as repetitive, didactic and abrasive in style,<ref>Adang, ''Zahiri Conceptions'', p. 20.</ref> also show a fearless irreverence towards his academic critics and authorities.
Ibn Hazm wrote works on law and theology and over ten medical books. He called for science to be integrated into a standard curriculum. In ''Organization of the Sciences'', he diachronically defines educational fields as stages of progressive acquisition set over a five-year curriculum, from language and [[Tafsir|exegesis of the Qur'an]] to the life and physical sciences to a rationalistic theology.<ref>Francoise Micheau, "The scientific institutions in the medical Near East". Taken from ''Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Volume 3: Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences'', p. 1008. Ed. Roshdi Rashed. London: Routledge, 1996. {{ISBN|0415124123}}</ref>
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===''Detailed Critical Examination''===
In ''Fisal'' (''Detailed Critical Examination''), a treatise on [[Islamic science]] and [[kalam|theology]], Ibn Hazm promoted sense [[perception]] above subjectively flawed human [[reason]]. Recognizing the importance of reason, as the [[Qur'an]] itself invites
===Jurisprudence===
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===Homosexuality===
Ibn Hazm states in no uncertain terms that homosexual acts between men constitute a sin, since they are expressly condemned in the Quran and the Sunna.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adang |first1=Camilla |title=Ibn Hazm on Homosexuality. A case of Zahiri legal methodolgy |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/629b/167b25de8def7a46dc7d76a0331c35c9ef4a.pdf}}</ref> <ref>Quran An-Naml (The Ants) 27:55</ref> However, his rejection of qiyàs prevents him from assimilating liwàt to zinâ: illicit sex between a man and a woman.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adang |first1=Camilla |title=Ibn Hazm on Homosexuality. A case of Zahiri legal methodolgy |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/629b/167b25de8def7a46dc7d76a0331c35c9ef4a.pdf}}</ref> The punishment prescribed by him is therefore not that which is incurred by zinà, viz. stoning or intensive flogging, but a milder one consisting of a maximum of ten lashes and imprisonment with the aim of bringing about the reformation of the sinner.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adang |first1=Camilla |title=Ibn Hazm on Homosexuality. A case of Zahiri legal methodolgy |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/629b/167b25de8def7a46dc7d76a0331c35c9ef4a.pdf}}</ref>
==Reception==
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