Content deleted Content added
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Altered doi-broken-date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Neko-chan | #UCB_webform 473/500 |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Altered doi-broken-date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | #UCB_CommandLine |
||
Line 43:
Iodine-131 is also one of the most commonly used gamma-emitting [[radioactive tracer#Applications|radioactive industrial tracer]]. Radioactive tracer isotopes are injected with [[hydraulic fracturing]] fluid to determine the injection profile and location of fractures created by hydraulic fracturing.<ref name="Reis_iodine">Reis, John C. (1976). ''Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering.'' Gulf Professional Publishers.</ref>
Much smaller incidental doses of iodine-131 than those used in medical therapeutic procedures, are supposed by some studies to be the major cause of [[radiation-induced cancer|increased thyroid cancer]]s after accidental nuclear contamination. These studies suppose that cancers happen from residual tissue radiation damage caused by the <sup>131</sup>I, and should appear mostly years after exposure, long after the <sup>131</sup>I has decayed.<ref name="Simon">{{cite journal|last1=Simon|first1=Steven L.|first2=André |last2=Bouville |first3=Charles E. |last3=Land|title=Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests and Cancer Risks|journal=American Scientist|date=January–February 2006|volume=94|pages=48–57| doi=10.1511/2006.1.48 |quote=In 1997, NCI conducted a detailed evaluation of dose to the thyroid glands of U.S. residents from I-131 in fallout from tests in Nevada. (...) we evaluated the risks of thyroid cancer from that exposure and estimated that about 49,000 fallout-related cases might occur in the United States, almost all of them among persons who were under age 20 at some time during the period 1951–57, with 95-percent uncertainty limits of 11,300 and 212,000.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ntsi131.nci.nih.gov/ |title=National Cancer Institute calculator for thyroid cancer risk as a result of I-131 intake after nuclear testing before 1971 in Nevada |publisher=Ntsi131.nci.nih.gov |access-date=2012-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723085146/https://ntsi131.nci.nih.gov/ |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other studies did not find a correlation.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Guiraud-Vitaux|first1=F.|last2=Elbast|first2= M.|last3= Colas-Linhart|first3= N.|last4= Hindie|first4= E.|title=Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl: is iodine 131 the only culprit ? Impact on clinical practice|journal=Bulletin du Cancer|date=February 2008|volume=95|issue=2|pages=191–5|pmid=18304904|doi=10.1684/bdc.2008.0574|doi-broken-date=
==Production==
| |||