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==Project M and Antisemitism==
In 1939 Roosevelt appointed Bowman to head Project M, to find refuge for Jewish emigrants from Europe.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/m-project-franklin-delano-roosevelt-jews | title=Franklin Roosevelt's 'M Project,' America's Answer to the 'Jewish Question' | date=April 30, 2018 }}</ref>According to "harrowing" evidence uncovered by Bowman's biographer Neil Smith, news of mass slaughter of Jews in Europe did not increase Bowman's sense of urgency for rescue or swift resettlement elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wiesen Cook |first1=Blanche |title=The Man who Redrew the World |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-18-bk-cook18-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=31 July 2022}}</ref> Bowman's team looked for uninhabited or sparsely settled land on five continents, but not in the US.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Great Departure: Mass Migration from Eastern Europe and the Making of the Free World|last = Zahra |first = Tara |publisher = W.W.Norton |year = 2016 |isbn=978-0-393-07801-5 |location =New York |pages = 161–2}}</ref>
Bowman's opposition to accepting Jewish refugees stemmed from his deep antisemitism. At the Johns Hopkins University, he established an anti-Jewish admissions quota in 1945, when other leading universities were dismantling their [[Jewish quota]] systems, on grounds that Jews were an alien threat to American culture.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Loeffler|first1=James|title="The Conscience of America": Human Rights, Jewish Politics, and American Foreign Policy at the United Nations San Francisco Conference, 1945|journal=Journal of American History|date=September 2013|volume=100|issue=2|pages = 419–420 |doi=10.1093/jahist/jat269|url=https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/100/2/401/695361/The-Conscience-of-America-Human-Rights-Jewish}}</ref>
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