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'''Istämi''' (or '''Dizabul'''<ref>
was the ruler of the western part of the [[Göktürks]], which became the [[Western Turkic Khaganate]] and dominated the [[Sogdiana|Sogdian]]s.<ref name=wood>{{cite book |first=Francis |last=Wood |year=2002 |title=The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/silkroadtwothous0000wood/page/238 |url-access=registration |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley, CA |pages=238–239 |isbn=978-0-520-24340-8}}</ref> He was the yabgu (vassal) of his brother [[Bumin Qaghan]] in 552 AD.<ref name="MichaelKappler2009">{{cite book |
▲}}</ref> He was the yabgu (vassal) of his brother [[Bumin Qaghan]] in 552 AD.<ref name="MichaelKappler2009">{{cite book|author1=Michalis N. Michael|author2=Matthias Kappler|author3=Eftihios Gavriel|title=Archivum Ottomanicum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SjwMAQAAMAAJ&q=mentioned+brother|year=2009|publisher=Mouton.|pages=68, 69}}</ref> He was posthumously referred to as khagan in Turkic sources.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bitig.org/?lang=e&mod=1&tid=1&oid=15&m=1|title=TURK BITIG|website=bitig.org|access-date=2018-07-28}}</ref> His son was [[Tardu]].
== Activities ==
During his rule Istami established diplomatic relations with the [[Sassanid Empire|Persian]] and [[Byzantine Empire]]s, defeated the [[Hepthalite]]s, and acted as an elder statesman during the disintegration of the eastern half of the empire. We know a great deal about him from the diplomatic missions of the Byzantine Empire.
Shortly after the [[smuggling of silkworm eggs into the Byzantine Empire]] from China by [[Nestorian Christian]] monks, the 6th-century Byzantine historian [[Menander Protector]] writes of how the Sogdians attempted to establish a direct trade of Chinese silk with the Byzantine Empire. After forming an alliance with the Sassanid ruler [[Khosrow I]] to defeat the [[Hephthalite Empire]], Istämi was approached by [[Sogdia]]n merchants requesting permission to seek an audience with the Sassanid king of kings for the privilege of traveling through Persian territories in order to trade with the Byzantines.<ref name="howard 2012 p133">Howard, Michael C., ''Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies'', the Role of Cross Border Trade and Travel, McFarland & Company, 2012, p. 133.</ref> Istämi refused the first request, but when he sanctioned the second one and had the Sogdian embassy sent to the Sassanid king, the latter had the members of the embassy poisoned to death.<ref name="howard 2012 p133"/> Maniah, a Sogdian diplomat, convinced Istämi to send an embassy directly to Byzantium's capital [[Constantinople]], which arrived in 568 and offered not only silk as a gift to Byzantine ruler [[Justin II]], but also proposed an alliance against Sassanid Persia. Justin II agreed and [[Zemarchus|sent an embassy]] to the Turkic Khaganate, ensuring the direct silk trade desired by the Sogdians.<ref>{{cite book |last=Liu
As the brother of Bumin he ruled the far-western region of their khanate. His son was Tardu. As a Yabghu, he was autonomous and had de facto sovereignty while officially recognizing the authority of the qaghan. After Khushu's death he arranged the division of the territory into three realms east, central, and west and distributed them between Jotan, Arslan, and Shetu, respectively.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Istami}}
[[Category:Göktürk
[[Category:6th-century
[[Category:Ashina house of the Turkic Empire]]
{{CAsia-hist-stub}}
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