|
In July 2016, a study and analysis by academics from the [[London School of Economics]] of months of eight national newspaper articles about Corbyn in the first months of his leadership of Labour showed that 75% of them either distorted or failed to represent his actual views on subjects.<ref name="independent12">{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jon |date=16 July 2016 |title=Three-quarters of newspaper stories about Jeremy Corbyn fail to accurately report his views, LSE study finds |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-attacks-75-per-cent-three-quarters-fail-to-accurately-report-a7140681.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621102036/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-attacks-75-per-cent-three-quarters-fail-to-accurately-report-a7140681.html |archive-date=21 June 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017 |newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref name="independent22">{{cite news |last=Cammaerts |first=Bart |date=19 July 2016 |title=Our report found that 75% of press coverage misrepresents Jeremy Corbyn – we can't ignore media bias anymore |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-labour-mainstream-press-lse-study-misrepresentation-we-cant-ignore-bias-a7144381.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609044929/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-labour-mainstream-press-lse-study-misrepresentation-we-cant-ignore-bias-a7144381.html |archive-date=9 June 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017 |newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>
==== First Shadow Cabinet and other appointments ====
{{Main|Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn}}
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On 13 September 2015, Corbyn unveiled his [[Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)|Shadow Cabinet]]. He appointed his leadership campaign manager and long-standing political ally [[John McDonnell]] as [[Shadow Chancellor]], leadership opponent Andy Burnham as [[Shadow Home Secretary]], and [[Angela Eagle]] as [[First Secretary of State|Shadow First Secretary of State]] to deputise for him in the House of Commons. Corbyn promoted a number of female [[Backbencher|backbench MPs]] to Shadow Cabinet roles, including Diane Abbott, [[Heidi Alexander]] and [[Lisa Nandy]], making his the first Shadow Cabinet with more women than men, although the most senior roles went to men.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kuenssberg |first=Laura |date=12 September 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn unveils 'unifying' Shadow Cabinet team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34240869 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916011555/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34240869 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> In October 2015, Corbyn appointed [[The Guardian|The ''Guardian'']] journalist [[Seumas Milne]] as the Labour Party's Executive Director of Strategy and Communications.<ref>{{cite news |last=Patrikarakos |first=David |date=25 October 2015 |title=Corbyn's new Stalinist voice |url=http://www.politico.eu/article/stalinist-voice-of-labour-seumas-milne-jeremy-corbyn-putin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012195809/http://www.politico.eu/article/stalinist-voice-of-labour-seumas-milne-jeremy-corbyn-putin/ |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=18 July 2016 |publisher=Politico Europe}}</ref>
==== Military intervention in Syria ====
After members of [[Islamic State]] carried out [[November 2015 Paris attacks|terrorist attacks in Paris]] in November 2015, Corbyn agreed with [[David Cameron]] that a political settlement between the [[Syrian Government]] and the [[Syrian opposition|rebels]] should be aimed at resolving the [[Syrian civil war]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilkinson |first=Michael |date=16 November 2015 |title=French air strikes will make little difference, warns Jeremy Corbyn |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11998049/French-air-strikes-will-make-little-difference-warns-Jeremy-Corbyn.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023745/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11998049/French-air-strikes-will-make-little-difference-warns-Jeremy-Corbyn.html |archive-date=27 November 2015 |access-date=27 November 2015 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Prime Minister David Cameron sought to build political consensus for UK military intervention against IS targets in Syria in the days after the attacks. Corbyn warned against "external intervention" in Syria but told delegates that Labour would "consider the proposals the Government brings forward".<ref>{{cite news |last=Shahrestani |first=Vin |date=21 November 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn on military action against the Islamic State in the wake of recent attacks |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/12009862/Jeremy-Corbyn-on-military-action-against-the-Islamic-State-in-the-wake-of-recent-attacks.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130190332/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/12009862/Jeremy-Corbyn-on-military-action-against-the-Islamic-State-in-the-wake-of-recent-attacks.html |archive-date=30 November 2015 |access-date=27 November 2015 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McTague |first=Tom |date=21 November 2015 |title=David Cameron to unveil plan for air strikes on Isis in Syria within days |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-to-unveil-plan-for-air-strikes-on-isis-in-syria-within-days-a6743726.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124204214/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-to-unveil-plan-for-air-strikes-on-isis-in-syria-within-days-a6743726.html |archive-date=24 November 2015 |access-date=27 November 2015 |newspaper=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print Limited}}</ref>
After [[David Cameron|Cameron]] set out his case for military intervention to Parliament,<ref name="BBC-2015-11-262">{{cite news |date=26 November 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn 'cannot support UK air strikes in Syria' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34939109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127025540/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34939109 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |access-date=27 November 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Corbyn held a Shadow Cabinet meeting, in which he said he would continue with efforts "to reach a common view" on Syria, while [[Shadow Foreign Secretary]] [[Hilary Benn]] suggested the case for air strikes was "compelling".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watt |first1=Nicholas |last2=Wintour |first2=Patrick |date=26 November 2015 |title=Labour leadership at odds over Syrian airstrikes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/nov/26/jeremy-corbyn-labour-mps-airstrikes-syria-isis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208071512/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/nov/26/jeremy-corbyn-labour-mps-airstrikes-syria-isis |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=27 November 2015 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> Corbyn sent a letter to Labour MPs saying that he could not support military action against Islamic State: "The issue [is] whether what the Prime Minister is proposing strengthens, or undermines, our national security...I do not believe the current proposal for air strikes in Syria will protect our security and therefore cannot support it."<ref name="BBC-2015-11-262" /> Amid widespread reports of division in the Parliamentary Labour Party, Corbyn insisted that the final decision on whether the Labour Party would oppose air strikes rested with him.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Eleftheriou-Smith |first1=Loulla-Mae |date=29 November 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn insists 'I'm not going anywhere' and says he has final say on Labour vote over Syria air strikes |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-insists-i-m-not-going-anywhere-and-says-he-has-final-say-on-labour-vote-over-syria-air-a6753346.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130144920/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-insists-i-m-not-going-anywhere-and-says-he-has-final-say-on-labour-vote-over-syria-air-a6753346.html |archive-date=30 November 2015 |access-date=1 December 2015 |newspaper=Independent}}</ref> Corbyn eventually agreed that Labour MPs would be given a [[free vote]] on air strikes when the issue was voted on. 66 Labour MPs voted for the Syrian air strikes, including Hilary Benn and [[Deputy Labour Leader]] [[Tom Watson (Labour politician)|Tom Watson]], while Corbyn and the majority of Labour MPs voted against.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 November 2015 |title=Labour MPs to get free vote on Syria |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34967024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130152705/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34967024 |archive-date=30 November 2015 |access-date=30 November 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kuenssberg |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Kuenssberg |date=3 December 2015 |title=Syria air strikes: MPs authorise UK action against Islamic State |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-34989302 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326005412/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-34989302 |archive-date=26 March 2016 |access-date=5 March 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
[[File:Barack_Obama_and_Opposition_leader_Jeremy_Corbyn.jpg|left|thumb|Corbyn and [[Hilary Benn]] meet with President [[Obama]] in April 2016]]
==== January 2016 Shadow Cabinet reshuffle ====
There was widespread speculation following the vote that Corbyn would reshuffle his Shadow Cabinet to remove Hilary Benn, but Corbyn's January reshuffle retained Benn in the same position.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wheeler |first=Brian |date=6 January 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn keeps Hilary Benn in post, amid reshuffle sackings |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-35239232 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106081635/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-35239232 |archive-date=6 January 2016 |access-date=6 January 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> The reshuffle prompted the resignations of three junior shadow ministers who were unhappy that Corbyn had sacked or moved shadow ministers who disagreed with his position on Syria and Trident.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Perraudin |first1=Frances |last2=Mason |first2=Rowena |date=6 January 2016 |title=Three shadow ministers resign over Corbyn's 'dishonest' reshuffle |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jan/06/shadow-rail-minister-jonathan-reynolds-resigns-labour-reshuffle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106141542/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jan/06/shadow-rail-minister-jonathan-reynolds-resigns-labour-reshuffle |archive-date=6 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
On 6 January 2016, Corbyn replaced Shadow Culture Secretary [[Michael Dugher]] with Shadow Defence Secretary [[Maria Eagle]] (who was in turn replaced by Shadow Employment Minister [[Emily Thornberry]]).<ref name="guardian060120162">{{cite news |title=Labour reshuffle: Thornberry replaces Eagle for defence, McFadden sacked and Benn stays |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jan/06/labour-reshuffle-thornberry-replaces-eagle-for-defence-mcfadden-sacked-and-benn-stays |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614102028/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jan/06/labour-reshuffle-thornberry-replaces-eagle-for-defence-mcfadden-sacked-and-benn-stays |archive-date=14 June 2016}}</ref> Thornberry, unlike Maria Eagle, is an opponent of nuclear weapons and British involvement in Syria. Corbyn also replaced Shadow Europe Minister (not attending Shadow Cabinet) Pat McFadden with [[Pat Glass]].<ref name="guardian060120162" /> On 11 January 2016, Shadow Attorney General [[Catherine McKinnell]] resigned, citing party infighting, family reasons and the ability to speak in Parliament beyond her legal portfolio. She was replaced by [[Karl Turner (British politician)|Karl Turner]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=11 January 2016 |title=Labour's Catherine McKinnell quits shadow cabinet |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-35281203 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111181501/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-35281203 |archive-date=11 January 2016 |access-date=11 January 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
==== May 2016 local elections ====
In the [[2016 United Kingdom local elections|2016 local elections]], Labour had a net loss of 18 local council seats and controlled as many councils as before (gaining control of [[Bristol City Council|Bristol]] but losing [[Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council|Dudley]]). There were also Westminster by-elections in two Labour safe seats, which Labour retained: [[2016 Ogmore by-election|Ogmore]] and [[2016 Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough by-election|Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough]]. The BBC's Projected National Vote Share was 31% for Labour, 30% for the Conservatives, 15% for the Liberal Democrats and 12% for UKIP.<ref>{{cite news |title=Key points of 2016 elections: At-a-glance summary |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2016-36192606 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811071234/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2016-36192606 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=23 August 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Labour candidate [[Sadiq Khan]] won the London mayorship from the Conservatives. Labour's misfortunes in Scotland continued, where they fell into third place behind the [[Scottish Conservatives|Conservatives]].<ref>{{cite news |date=9 May 2016 |title=Key points of 2016 elections: At-a-glance summary |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2016-36192606 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811071234/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2016-36192606 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=d'Ancona |first1=Matthew |last2=Jones |first2=Owen |last3=Harker |first3=Joseph |last4=Hinsliff |first4=Gaby |last5=Kettle |first5=Martin |last6=Wilkinson |first6=Abi |date=6 May 2016 |title=Local elections 2016: our writers on the night's winners and losers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/06/local-elections-2016-winners-losers-labour-conservatives-snp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420113329/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/06/local-elections-2016-winners-losers-labour-conservatives-snp |archive-date=20 April 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> They retained government in Wales whilst suffering some small losses.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Richard Wyn |date=6 May 2016 |title=How Welsh Labour became the UK's most invincible electoral machine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/06/welsh-labour-electoral-welsh-voters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731195624/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/06/welsh-labour-electoral-welsh-voters |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=10 August 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
==== EU referendum ====
{{further|2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum}}
Following the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|2016 European Union membership referendum]], Corbyn was accused of "lukewarm" campaigning for Britain to remain and showing a "lack of leadership" on the issue by several party figures.<ref name="theguardian12">{{cite web |date=13 July 2016 |title=Where's the evidence that Jeremy Corbyn is to blame for Brexit? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jul/04/evidence-blame-jeremy-corbyn-brexit-remain-labour-conservative |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705142719/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jul/04/evidence-blame-jeremy-corbyn-brexit-remain-labour-conservative |archive-date=5 July 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Riley-Smith |first=Ben |date=24 June 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn could face leadership challenge within days as Labour MPs submit no confidence motion after Brexit |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/jeremy-corbyn-calls-for-brexit-process-to-begin-urgently-as-labo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629173833/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/jeremy-corbyn-calls-for-brexit-process-to-begin-urgently-as-labo/ |archive-date=29 June 2016 |access-date=4 July 2016 |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=London}}</ref> [[Alan Johnson]], who headed the [[Labour In for Britain]] campaign, said that "at times" it felt as if Corbyn's office was "working against the rest of the party and had conflicting objectives". Corbyn's decision to go on holiday during the campaign was also criticised by Phil Wilson, the chair of Labour In for Britain.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Asthana |first1=Anuska |date=26 June 2016 |title=Labour In For Britain chair criticises Jeremy Corbyn's campaign involvement |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/26/corbyn-labour-in-for-britain-chair-phil-wilson-eu-referendum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731004049/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/26/corbyn-labour-in-for-britain-chair-phil-wilson-eu-referendum |archive-date=31 July 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> In September 2016, Corbyn's spokesman said Corbyn wanted access to the [[European Single Market]], but there were "aspects" of EU membership related to privatisation "which Jeremy campaigned against in the referendum campaign".<ref>{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Heather |date=7 September 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn says UK should reject key aspects of single market after Brexit |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/07/jeremy-corbyn-says-uk-should-reject-key-aspects-of-single-market-after-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910225058/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/07/jeremy-corbyn-says-uk-should-reject-key-aspects-of-single-market-after-brexit |archive-date=10 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Watts |first=Joe |date=7 September 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn fans flames of Labour's internal row by failing to back EU single market membership |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-eu-single-market-membership-labour-internal-row-brexit-a7230866.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910224837/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-eu-single-market-membership-labour-internal-row-brexit-a7230866.html |archive-date=10 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |newspaper=Independent}}</ref> Diane Abbott, one of Corbyn's key allies, later said "Jeremy in his heart of hearts is a Brexiter". She said Corbyn was hostile to the European Union, which he considered it "a conspiracy of business people".<ref>{{cite web |date=15 February 2023 |title=Jeremy Corbyn is 'in his heart of hearts a Brexiter', says Diane Abbott |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/jeremy-corbyn-diane-abbott-labour-tony-benn-brexiteer-b2283014.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215220332/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/jeremy-corbyn-diane-abbott-labour-tony-benn-brexiteer-b2283014.html |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |website=[[Independent.co.uk]]}}</ref>
===== Shadow Cabinet resignations and vote of no confidence =====
{{Main|June 2016 British shadow cabinet resignations}}
[[File:Jeremy_Corbyn,_Tolpuddle_2016,_1_crop.jpg|left|thumb|283x283px|Corbyn at the 2016 [[Tolpuddle Martyrs' Festival]]]]
Three days after the EU referendum, on 26 June, Hilary Benn was sacked after it was disclosed that he had been organising a mass resignation of Shadow Cabinet members to force Corbyn to stand down.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 July 2016 |title=Brexit: Hilary Benn sacked as Corbyn faces 'no confidence' pressure |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36632539 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721022342/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36632539 |archive-date=21 July 2016 |access-date=24 July 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2015 |title=EU referendum: Jeremy Corbyn sacks Hilary Benn from shadow cabinet |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/26/eu-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-sacks-hilary-benn-from-shadow-cabine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802194944/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/26/eu-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-sacks-hilary-benn-from-shadow-cabine/ |archive-date=2 August 2016 |access-date=4 August 2016 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Several other Shadow Cabinet members resigned in solidarity with Benn and by the following day, 23 of the 31 Shadow Cabinet members had resigned their roles, as did seven parliamentary private secretaries. On the same day, 27 June, Corbyn announced changes to his Shadow Cabinet, moving Emily Thornberry (to Shadow Foreign Secretary), Diane Abbott (to Shadow Health Secretary), and appointing Pat Glass, [[Andy McDonald (politician)|Andy McDonald]], [[Clive Lewis (politician)|Clive Lewis]], [[Rebecca Long-Bailey]], [[Kate Osamor]], [[Rachael Maskell]], [[Cat Smith]] and [[David Anderson (British politician)|Dave Anderson]] to his Shadow Cabinet. Just two days later one of the newly appointed members, Pat Glass, resigned, saying "the situation is untenable".<ref name="bbc.co.uk2">{{cite news |title=Brexit, Prime Minister's Questions and Labour and Conservative leadership latest |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-36570120 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630001335/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-36570120 |archive-date=30 June 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
A motion of no confidence in Corbyn as Labour leader was tabled by MPs [[Margaret Hodge]] and [[Ann Coffey]] on 24 June 2016.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36621777 "MPs submit Corbyn no confidence motion"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624133144/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36621777|date=24 June 2016}}, [[BBC News website]], 24 June 2016, accessed 24 June 2016.</ref> Hodge said: "This has been a tumultuous referendum which has been a test of leadership ... Jeremy has failed that test". Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell and union leaders including [[Len McCluskey]] condemned the motion.<ref>Anushka Asthana and Rajeev Syal, [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/jeremy-corbyn-faces-no-confidence-motion-after-brexit-vote Jeremy Corbyn faces no-confidence motion after Britain votes to leave EU] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222085645/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/jeremy-corbyn-faces-no-confidence-motion-after-brexit-vote|date=22 December 2016}}, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 24 June 2016, accessed 25 June 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=McCluskey Len |date=26 June 2016 |title=Labour mutineers are betraying our national interest |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/26/labour-mutineers-betraying-national-interest |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626152728/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/26/labour-mutineers-betraying-national-interest |archive-date=26 June 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |work=The Guardian |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
On 28 June, he lost the vote of confidence by Labour Party MPs by 172–40.<ref name="BBC2806162">{{cite news |date=28 June 2016 |title=Labour MPs pass Corbyn no-confidence motion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36647458 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628021029/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36647458 |archive-date=28 June 2016 |access-date=28 June 2016 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> He responded with a statement that the motion had no "constitutional legitimacy" and that he intended to continue as the elected leader. The vote did not require the party to call a leadership election, but was expected to lead to a leadership challenge.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Holden |first1=Michael |last2=Piper |first2=Elizabeth |date=28 June 2016 |title=EU leaders tell Britain to exit swiftly, market rout halts |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-wrapup-idUSKCN0ZE11Y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628113741/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-wrapup-idUSKCN0ZE11Y |archive-date=28 June 2016 |access-date=28 June 2016 |publisher=Reuters |quote=the confidence vote does not automatically trigger a leadership election and Corbyn, who says he enjoys strong grassroots support, refused to quit. 'I was democratically elected leader of our party for a new kind of politics by 60 percent of Labour members and supporters, and I will not betray them by resigning,' he said.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Asthana |first=Anushka |date=28 June 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn suffers heavy loss in Labour MPs confidence vote |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/28/jeremy-corbyn-loses-labour-mps-confidence-vote |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628171010/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/28/jeremy-corbyn-loses-labour-mps-confidence-vote |archive-date=28 June 2016 |access-date=28 June 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Corbyn was encouraged to resign by Tom Watson and senior Labour politicians including his predecessor, Ed Miliband.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilkinson |first=Michael |date=29 June 2016 |title=David Cameron and Ed Miliband tell Jeremy Corbyn to resign as Tom Watson says he will not contest Labour leadership leaving Angela Eagle as the unity candidate |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/29/jeremy-corbyn-pmqs-labour-angela-eagle-david-cameron-eu-brexit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629095800/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/29/jeremy-corbyn-pmqs-labour-angela-eagle-david-cameron-eu-brexit/ |archive-date=29 June 2016 |access-date=29 June 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}</ref> Several union leaders (from [[GMB (trade union)|GMB]], [[UCATT]], the [[Communication Workers Union (UK)|CWU]], the [[Transport Salaried Staffs' Association|TSSA]], [[ASLEF]], the [[Fire Brigades Union|FBU]], the [[Bakers, Food and Allied Workers' Union|BFWAU]] and the [[National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)|NUM]]) issued a joint statement saying that Corbyn was "the democratically-elected leader of Labour and his position should not be challenged except through the proper democratic procedures provided for in the party's constitution" and that a leadership election would be an "unnecessary distraction".<ref name="theguardian.com2">The Guardian: [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/28/diane-abbott-leadership-must-be-decided-by-party-members-not-mps a corridor coup] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222091132/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/28/diane-abbott-leadership-must-be-decided-by-party-members-not-mps|date=22 December 2016}}, accessdate: 30 June 2016</ref>
====== 2016 leadership challenge and election ======
{{Main|2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)}}
The division between Corbyn and the Labour parliamentary party continued.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 July 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn issues plea for Labour to 'come together' as Angela Eagle gives leadership ultimatum |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/04/jeremy-corbyn-issues-plea-for-labour-to-come-together-as-angela/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704205036/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/04/jeremy-corbyn-issues-plea-for-labour-to-come-together-as-angela/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |access-date=5 July 2016 |work=The Daily Telegraph |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="independent.co.uk2">{{cite news |date=4 July 2016 |title=Labour leader issues defiant message as pro-Corbyn organisation doubles its membership in a week |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-labour-leadership-latest-angela-eagle-challenge-twitter-mugscroll-video-defiant-message-a7119661.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-labour-leadership-latest-angela-eagle-challenge-twitter-mugscroll-video-defiant-message-a7119661.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=5 July 2016 |work=The Independent |df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 11 July 2016, Angela Eagle, who had recently resigned from his Shadow Cabinet, formally launched her leadership campaign.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 July 2016 |title=Labour leadership: Angela Eagle says she can unite the party |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36761370 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711040722/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36761370 |archive-date=11 July 2016 |access-date=11 July 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> After news reports that Eagle's office had been vandalised, and threats and abuse to other MPs, including death threats to himself, Corbyn said: "It is extremely concerning that Angela Eagle has been the victim of a threatening act" and called for "respect and dignity, even where there is disagreement."<ref>{{cite news |date=5 July 2016 |title=Labour's NEC to decide on Jeremy Corbyn ballot rules |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36770627 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712040539/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36770627 |archive-date=12 July 2016 |access-date=12 July 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=12 July 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn appeals for Labour 'calm' after death threats |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36770627 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712113107/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36770627 |archive-date=12 July 2016 |access-date=12 July 2016 |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC |quote=Jeremy Corbyn has called for "calm" and "dignity" from Labour members after leadership challenger Angela Eagle's constituency office was vandalised.}}</ref>
[[File:Jeremy_Corbyn_leadership_election_rally_August_2016.jpg|thumb|Corbyn at a leadership election rally in August 2016]]
On 12 July 2016, following a dispute as to whether the elected leader would need nominations in an election as a "challenger" to their own leadership, Labour's [[National Executive Committee of the Labour Party|National Executive Committee]] (NEC) resolved that Corbyn, as the incumbent leader, had an automatic right to be on the ballot,<ref>{{cite news |last=McSmith |first=Andy |date=12 July 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn wins NEC vote over right to stand again for Labour leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-latest-news-labour-leadership-nec-what-a7133336.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713161916/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-latest-news-labour-leadership-nec-what-a7133336.html |archive-date=13 July 2016 |access-date=12 July 2016 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London}}</ref> and also decided that members needed to have been a member for more than six months to be eligible to vote, meaning that many members who had joined recently would not be able to vote. The NEC's decision was that "registered supporters" would be entitled to vote if they paid a one off fee of £25. 184,541 people subsequently paid the one-off fee to become "registered supporters" of the party during the two-day window in July, meaning that over 700,000 people had a vote in the leadership election.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 July 2016 |title=180,000 people each paid £25 to vote for its next leader. |url=https://next.ft.com/content/77e1ac44-4eac-11e6-88c5-db83e98a590a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107172048/https://www.ft.com/content/77e1ac44-4eac-11e6-88c5-db83e98a590a |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="independent-201509102">{{cite news |author=Oliver Wright |date=10 September 2015 |title=Labour leadership contest: After 88 days of campaigning, how did Labour's candidates do? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leadership-contest-after-88-days-of-campaigning-how-did-labours-candidates-do-10495726.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914020112/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leadership-contest-after-88-days-of-campaigning-how-did-labours-candidates-do-10495726.html |archive-date=14 September 2015 |access-date=11 September 2015 |newspaper=The Independent |quote=the electorate is divided into three groups: 292,000 members, 148,000 union "affiliates" and 112,000 registered supporters who each paid £3 to take part}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 July 2016 |title=Labour Party receives more than 183,000 membership applications in 48 hours |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-party-183000-membership-applications-in-48-hours-a7146976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721123309/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-party-183000-membership-applications-in-48-hours-a7146976.html |archive-date=21 July 2016 |access-date=21 July 2016 |newspaper=The Independent |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 July 2016 |title=Labour signs up more than 180,000 supporters to vote in leadership contest |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/20/labour-stops-crowd-funding-bid-to-help-supporters-pay-for-vote |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721043659/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/20/labour-stops-crowd-funding-bid-to-help-supporters-pay-for-vote |archive-date=21 July 2016 |access-date=21 July 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The decision to retain Corbyn on the ballot was contested unsuccessfully in a [[High Court of Justice|High Court]] action brought by Labour donor [[Michael Foster (agent)|Michael Foster]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=Peter |last2=Syal |first2=Rajeev |last3=Mason |first3=Rowena |date=28 July 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn fights off court challenge over Labour leadership ballot |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/28/jeremy-corbyn-fights-off-court-challenge-labour-leadership-ballot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728193525/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/28/jeremy-corbyn-fights-off-court-challenge-labour-leadership-ballot |archive-date=28 July 2016 |access-date=29 July 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
On 13 July, [[Owen Smith]] entered the Labour Party leadership race.<ref name="OSbbc.co.uk2">{{Cite news |date=13 July 2016 |title=Labour leadership: Owen Smith to enter contest |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36780715 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713061530/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36780715 |archive-date=13 July 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Subsequently, on 19 July, Angela Eagle withdrew and offered her endorsement to Smith.<ref>{{cite news |title=Labour leadership election: Angela Eagle pulls out of contest to allow Owen Smith straight run at Jeremy Corbyn |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/angela-eagle-pulls-out-labour-leadership-election-owen-smith-jeremy-corbyn-a7145021.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720185705/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/angela-eagle-pulls-out-labour-leadership-election-owen-smith-jeremy-corbyn-a7145021.html |archive-date=20 July 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London, UK}}</ref>
A survey of the public on 14 July found that 66% of those surveyed believed that the Labour Party needed a new leader before the 2020 elections and only 23 per cent believed that Corbyn would make a good Prime Minister while [[Theresa May]] had an approval rating of 55 per cent.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 July 2016 |title=Two in three say Labour should change leader before next General Election |url=https://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/3762/Two-in-three-say-Labour-should-change-leader-before-next-General-Election.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920200435/https://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/3762/Two-in-three-say-Labour-should-change-leader-before-next-General-Election.aspx |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=18 July 2016 |website=Ipsos MORI}}</ref> A later poll on 23 July found that among those who said they backed Labour, 54% supported Corbyn against just 22% who would prefer Smith. When voters were asked who they thought would be the best prime minister – Corbyn or Theresa May – among Labour supporters 48% said Corbyn and 22% May, among all UK voters 52% chose May and just 16% were for Corbyn.<ref>{{cite news |last=Helm |first=Toby |date=23 July 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn has more than double the support of Owen Smith, poll shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/23/labour-leadership-jeremy-corbyn-more-double-support-owen-smith |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724162812/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/23/labour-leadership-jeremy-corbyn-more-double-support-owen-smith |archive-date=24 July 2016 |access-date=24 July 2016 |work=The Observer}}</ref>
More than 40 female Labour MPs, in an open letter during the campaign in July 2016, called on Corbyn to deal with issues relating to online abuse, and criticised him for his allegedly unsatisfactory responses and inaction.<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Peter |date=22 July 2016 |title=Female Labour MPs call on Jeremy Corbyn to act over 'escalating abuse' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/22/female-labour-mps-call-on-jeremy-corbyn-to-act-over-escalating-abuse |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905160856/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/22/female-labour-mps-call-on-jeremy-corbyn-to-act-over-escalating-abuse |archive-date=5 September 2016 |access-date=6 September 2016 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Speaking at the launch of policies intending to democratise the internet in late August, Corbyn described such abuse as "appalling". He continued: "I have set up a code of conduct on this. The Labour party has a code of conduct on this, and it does have to be dealt with".<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Peter |date=30 August 2016 |title=Corbyn: leadership team is stopping online abuse of opponents |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/aug/30/corbyn-leadership-team-is-stopping-online-abuse-of-opponents |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906101000/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/aug/30/corbyn-leadership-team-is-stopping-online-abuse-of-opponents |archive-date=6 September 2016 |access-date=6 September 2016 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>
On 16 August 2016, Corbyn released a video of himself sitting on the floor of a [[Virgin Trains East Coast]] train while travelling to a leadership hustings in [[Gateshead]]. Corbyn said the train was "ram-packed" and used this to support his policy to reverse the 1990s [[Impact of the privatisation of British Rail|privatisation of the railways of Great Britain]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Anthony |first1=Charles B. |last2=McVeigh |first2=Karen |date=16 August 2016 |title=Corbyn joins seatless commuters on floor for three-hour train journey |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/aug/16/jeremy-corbyn-floor-three-hour-train-journey-london-newcastle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005191026/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/aug/16/jeremy-corbyn-floor-three-hour-train-journey-london-newcastle |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=5 October 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A dispute, nicknamed [[Traingate]] in the media, developed a week later when Virgin released CCTV images appearing to show that Corbyn had walked past some available seats on the train before recording his video.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 August 2016 |title=A timeline revealing exactly what happened in Jeremy Corbyn's 'traingate' row |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-virgin-trains-row-traingate-timeline-what-happened-labour-leadership-election-a7206936.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929190318/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-virgin-trains-row-traingate-timeline-what-happened-labour-leadership-election-a7206936.html |archive-date=29 September 2016 |access-date=5 October 2016 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Corbyn subsequently said that there had not been room for all his team to sit together, but that a train manager later found seats for him and his team, including his wife, by upgrading other passengers.<ref name="Guardtrain2">{{cite news |author1=Stewart, Heather |author2=Gayle, Damien |date=24 August 2016 |title=Angry Jeremy Corbyn reminds Branson of rail nationalisation plans |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/aug/24/owen-smith-cctv-shows-jeremy-corbyn-chose-to-sit-on-train-floor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914143822/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/aug/24/owen-smith-cctv-shows-jeremy-corbyn-chose-to-sit-on-train-floor |archive-date=14 September 2016 |access-date=19 September 2016 |work=The Guardian |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The [[psephologist]] [[John Curtice]] wrote just before Corbyn's second leadership win: "There is evidently a section of the British public, to be found particularly among younger voters, for whom the Labour leader does have an appeal; it just does not look like a section that is big enough, on its own at least, to enable Labour to win a general election".<ref>{{cite news |last=Curtice |first=John |date=22 September 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn is not unpopular – but he is divisive |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/22/jeremy-corbyn-not-unpopular-but-divisive |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923184116/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/22/jeremy-corbyn-not-unpopular-but-divisive |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Meanwhile, on 23 September, a poll for ''[[The Independent]]'' by BMG Research suggested that working class voters were more likely to consider Corbyn "incompetent" than those from the middle class, and a higher proportion thought he was also "out of touch".<ref>{{cite news |last=Watts |first=Joe |date=23 September 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn is 'out of touch' and an 'election loser' among working class voters, poll finds |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leadership-results-live-jeremy-corbyn-owen-smith-poll-incompetent-working-class-voters-a7326486.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924002604/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leadership-results-live-jeremy-corbyn-owen-smith-poll-incompetent-working-class-voters-a7326486.html |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |work=The Independent}}</ref> [[Martin Kettle]] of ''The Guardian'' wrote that "many Labour MPs, even some who face defeat, want an early election" to prove decisively that Corbyn's Labour is unelectable as a government,<ref name="Kettle2">{{cite news |last=Kettle |first=Martin |date=23 September 2016 |title=It'll take a general election for Labour to face up to its crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/22/general-election-labour-crisis-jeremy-corbyn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923174751/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/22/general-election-labour-crisis-jeremy-corbyn |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> stating that "If there is hope for Labour it lies with the voters. Only they can change the party".<ref name="Kettle2" />
Corbyn was re-elected as Labour leader on 24 September, with 313,209 votes (61.8%) compared to 193,229 (38.2%) for Owen Smith – a slightly increased share of the vote compared to his election in 2015, when he won 59%. On a turnout of 77.6%, Corbyn won the support of 59% of party members, 70% of registered supporters and 60% of affiliated supporters. In his acceptance speech, Corbyn called on the "Labour family" to end their divisions and to "wipe that slate clean from today and get on with the work we've got to do as a party".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stewart |first1=Heather |last2=Mason |first2=Rowena |date=24 September 2016 |title=Labour leadership: Jeremy Corbyn wins convincing victory over Owen Smith |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/24/labour-leadership-jeremy-corbyn-wins-landslide-victory-party |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924115925/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/24/labour-leadership-jeremy-corbyn-wins-landslide-victory-party |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> He continued: "Together, arguing for the real change this country needs, I have no doubt this party can win the next election whenever the Prime Minister decides to call it and form the next government."<ref>{{cite news |date=24 September 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn's full leadership acceptance speech |url=http://www.itv.com/news/2016-09-24/jeremy-corbyns-full-leadership-acceptance-speech/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924131041/http://www.itv.com/news/2016-09-24/jeremy-corbyns-full-leadership-acceptance-speech/ |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |publisher=ITV News}}</ref>
==== Article 50 ====
In January 2017, Corbyn announced that he would impose a three-line whip to force Labour MPs to vote in favour of [[United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union|triggering Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union]] to initiate the [[Brexit|withdrawal of the UK from the EU]]. In response, two Labour whips said they would vote against the bill. [[Tulip Siddiq]], the shadow minister for early years, and [[Jo Stevens]], the Shadow Welsh Secretary resigned in protest.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 January 2017 |title=Two Labour whips defy Jeremy Corbyn on article 50 vote |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/27/jeremy-corbyn-article-50-vote-two-labour-whips-refuse |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127114907/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/27/jeremy-corbyn-article-50-vote-two-labour-whips-refuse |archive-date=27 January 2017 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 January 2017 |title=Labour MP Jo Stevens quits shadow cabinet over article 50 vote |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/27/labour-mp-jo-stevens-quits-shadow-cabinet-over-article-50-vote?CMP=twt_gu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202125816/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/27/labour-mp-jo-stevens-quits-shadow-cabinet-over-article-50-vote?CMP=twt_gu |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> On 1 February, forty seven Labour MPs defied Corbyn's whip on the second reading of the bill.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 2017 |title=Which Labour MPs rebelled and voted against Brexit Bill? |url=http://www.itv.com/news/2017-02-01/which-labour-mps-rebelled-and-voted-against-brexit-bill/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203144215/http://www.itv.com/news/2017-02-01/which-labour-mps-rebelled-and-voted-against-brexit-bill/ |archive-date=3 February 2017 |agency=ITV}}</ref>
==== May 2017 local elections ====
At the [[2017 United Kingdom local elections|2017 local elections]], Labour lost nearly 400 councillors and control of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire county councils.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Asthana |first1=Anushka |last2=Stewart |first2=Heather |date=5 May 2017 |title=Local elections: Tories gain over 550 seats as Labour and Ukip votes plunge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/05/local-elections-tories-profit-from-ukip-collapse-amid-labour-losses |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081717/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/05/local-elections-tories-profit-from-ukip-collapse-amid-labour-losses |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=23 November 2017 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The BBC's Projected National Vote Share was 38% for the Conservatives, 27% for Labour, 18% for the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] and 5% for [[UKIP]], with others on around 12%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Fisher on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/StephenDFisher/status/860487311448039425 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818234207/https://twitter.com/StephenDFisher/status/860487311448039425 |archive-date=18 August 2017 |access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref>
==== 2017 general election ====
{{Main|2017 United Kingdom general election}}
[[File:Labour_Party_General_Election_Launch_2017.jpg|thumb|Corbyn with members of his [[Shadow Cabinet]] in [[EventCity]], Greater Manchester, at the Labour Party 2017 General Election Launch]]
Corbyn said he welcomed May's proposal to seek an early general election in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 April 2017 |title=Corbyn welcomes PM's election move |url=https://news.sky.com/story/corbyn-welcomes-pms-election-move-10842125 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215114356/https://news.sky.com/story/corbyn-welcomes-pms-election-move-10842125 |archive-date=15 February 2019 |access-date=18 April 2017 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> He said his party should support the government's move in the parliamentary vote.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jon |date=18 April 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn welcomes Theresa May's announcement of an early election |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-early-general-election-2017-theresa-may-response-statement-june-8-date-a7688566.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419003131/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-early-general-election-2017-theresa-may-response-statement-june-8-date-a7688566.html |archive-date=19 April 2017 |access-date=18 April 2017 |work=The Independent}}</ref> The Labour campaign focused on social issues like health care, education and ending austerity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=Emma |date=11 July 2018 |title=The 2017 Labour General Election Campaign: Ushering in a 'New Politics'? |url=https://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/2029#tocto2n7 |url-status=live |journal=Revue française de civilisation britannique |volume=23 |issue=2 |page=38 |doi=10.4000/rfcb.2029 |issn=2429-4373 |s2cid=158258323 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815215141/https://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/2029#tocto2n7 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=15 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Earlier in the year, Corbyn had become the first opposition party leader since 1982 to [[2017 Copeland by-election|lose a by-election]] to an incumbent government,<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2017 |title=Tories take Copeland seat from Labour in first gain for a government in a by-election since 1982 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/24/tories-take-seat-labour-copeland-first-gain-government-by-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501204049/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/24/tories-take-seat-labour-copeland-first-gain-government-by-election/ |archive-date=1 May 2017 |access-date=9 June 2017 |newspaper=Telegraph |agency=Press Association}}</ref> and at the time May called the election Labour trailed the Conservative Party by up to 25 points in some [[Opinion polling for the 2017 United Kingdom general election|opinion polls]].<ref name="ftge20172">{{cite news |last1=Pickard |first1=Jim |date=9 June 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn confounds critics with 'gobsmacking' gain |url=https://www.ft.com/content/907f0208-4c92-11e7-919a-1e14ce4af89b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611053334/https://www.ft.com/content/907f0208-4c92-11e7-919a-1e14ce4af89b |archive-date=11 June 2017 |access-date=9 June 2017 |publisher=FT}}</ref> A large Conservative majority was widely predicted. Following the short campaign, Labour again finished as the second largest party in parliament but surprised many pundits by increasing their share of the popular vote to 40%, resulting in a net gain of 30 seats and a hung parliament. Although Labour started the campaign as far as 20 points behind, it defied expectations by gaining 40% of the vote, its greatest share since [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001]]. It was the first time Labour had made a net gain of seats since 1997, and the party's 9.6% increase in vote share was its largest in a single general election since 1945.<ref name="ftge20172" /><ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2017 |title=UK election 2017: Conservatives 'to fall short of majority' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40209282 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609030540/http://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40209282 |archive-date=9 June 2017 |access-date=9 June 2017 |work=BBC News}}</ref> This has partly been attributed to the popularity of its 2017 Manifesto that promised to scrap tuition fees, address public sector pay, make housing more affordable, end austerity, nationalise the railways and provide school students with free lunches.<ref>{{cite web |last=Travis |first=Alan, and Phillip Inman |date=1 June 2017 |title=Labour manifesto 2017: the key points, pledges and analysis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/16/labour-manifesto-analysis-key-points-pledges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224061843/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/16/labour-manifesto-analysis-key-points-pledges |archive-date=24 December 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Stewart |first=Heather |date=22 September 2017 |title=The inside story of Labour's election shock |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/sep/22/the-inside-story-of-labours-election-shock-jeremy-corbyn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703145912/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/sep/22/the-inside-story-of-labours-election-shock-jeremy-corbyn |archive-date=3 July 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |date=11 July 2017 |title=Why people voted Labour or Conservative at the 2017 general election |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2017/07/11/why-people-voted-labour-or-conservative-2017-gener |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926214651/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2017/07/11/why-people-voted-labour-or-conservative-2017-gener |archive-date=26 September 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref>
Corbyn's election campaign was run under the slogan "For the Many, Not the Few"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Frankel |first1=Alex |date=7 June 2016 |title='For the many, not the few' asks voters to see the world differently. It could work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jun/07/for-the-many-not-the-few-asks-voters-to-see-the-world-differently-it-could-work |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324111856/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jun/07/for-the-many-not-the-few-asks-voters-to-see-the-world-differently-it-could-work |archive-date=24 March 2019 |access-date=24 March 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> and featured rallies with a large audience and connected with a [[grassroots]] following for the party, including appearing on stage in front of a crowd of 20,000 at the Wirral Live Festival in [[Prenton Park]].<ref>{{cite news |date=21 May 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn takes to the stage as warm up act for the Libertines |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/21/jeremy-corbyn-takes-stage-warm-act-libertines/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522034503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/21/jeremy-corbyn-takes-stage-warm-act-libertines/ |archive-date=22 May 2017 |access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 May 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn Gatecrashes Wirral Live Music Festival Headlined By The Libertines |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-wirral-live-libertines_uk_5921ab9de4b034684b0d091f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616103158/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-wirral-live-libertines_uk_5921ab9de4b034684b0d091f |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=14 June 2017 |work=Huffington Post}}</ref> He chose to take part in television debates and dressed more professionally than usual, wearing a business suit and tie.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2017 |title=Election results 2017: The Jeremy Corbyn factor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-40219339 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612112232/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-40219339 |archive-date=12 June 2017 |access-date=14 June 2017 |work=BBC News}}</ref> He said the result was a public call for the end of "austerity politics" and suggested May should step down as prime minister.<ref name="ftge20172" /> Corbyn said that he had received the largest vote for a winning candidate in the history of his borough.<ref name="independent8">{{cite news |last=Bulman |first=May |date=9 June 2017 |title=General Election 2017: Jeremy Corbyn's speech in full |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/News/uk/politics/general-election-2017-jeremy-corbyn-speech-in-full-transcript-islington-north-win-labour-leader-a7780916.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609213804/http://www.independent.co.uk/News/uk/politics/general-election-2017-jeremy-corbyn-speech-in-full-transcript-islington-north-win-labour-leader-a7780916.html |archive-date=9 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>
==== Opinion polling ====
{{Main|Opinion polling for the 2017 United Kingdom general election#Preferred Prime Minister polling|Leadership approval opinion polling for the 2019 United Kingdom general election}}
Opinion polls during the first few months of his leadership gave Corbyn lower personal approval ratings than any previous Labour leader in the early stages of their leadership amongst the general public.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hughes |first1=Laura |date=2 October 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn receives the worst ratings for a Labour leader in 60 years |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11906103/Jeremy-Corbyn-receives-the-worst-ratings-for-a-Labour-leader-in-60-years.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221012906/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11906103/Jeremy-Corbyn-receives-the-worst-ratings-for-a-Labour-leader-in-60-years.html |archive-date=21 February 2016 |access-date=29 January 2016 |newspaper=Telegraph}}</ref> His approval amongst party members was initially strong reaching a net approval of +45 in May 2016, though this fell back sharply to just +3 by the end of the next month following criticism of Corbyn's handling of the EU referendum and a string of Shadow Cabinet resignations.<ref>{{cite web |last=Curtis |first=Chris |date=30 June 2016 |title=Corbyn loses support among Labour party membership |url=https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/30/labour-members-corbyn-post-brexit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717183053/https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/30/labour-members-corbyn-post-brexit/ |archive-date=17 July 2016 |access-date=18 July 2016 |website=YouGov}}</ref>
A poll by Election Data in February 2017 found that 50% of Labour voters wanted Corbyn to stand down by the next election, while 44% wanted him to stay. In the same month, [[YouGov]] found party members' net approval rating of Corbyn was 17%, whereas a year earlier the result found by the same pollsters had been 55%.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chakelian |first=Anoosh |date=6 March 2017 |title=Yes, support for Jeremy Corbyn is falling, but he would still win a third Labour leadership election |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2017/03/yes-support-jeremy-corbyn-falling-he-would-still-win-third-labour-leadership |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306164329/http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2017/03/yes-support-jeremy-corbyn-falling-he-would-still-win-third-labour-leadership |archive-date=6 March 2017 |access-date=11 March 2017 |work=New Statesman}}</ref> Also during February 2017, [[Ipsos MORI]] found Corbyn's satisfaction rating among the electorate as a whole was minus 38%; among Labour voters it was minus 9%.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cecil |first=Nicholas |date=16 February 2017 |title=Theresa May's popularity ratings surge as Jeremy Corbyn reels after rebellion |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/jeremy-corbyn-left-standing-as-theresa-may-is-handed-poll-boost-a3468351.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216131034/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/jeremy-corbyn-left-standing-as-theresa-may-is-handed-poll-boost-a3468351.html |archive-date=16 February 2017 |access-date=11 March 2017 |work=London Evening Standard}}</ref>
Polling by the end of the first week of campaigning during the 2017 general election was suggesting a defeat for Labour with the parliamentary party much reduced and a landslide victory for the Conservatives with a majority of perhaps 150 MPs. An [[ITV Wales & West|ITV Wales]]/YouGov poll at this time placed the Conservatives on 40% in Wales against Labour's 30%; Labour MPs have formed a majority in Wales since the [[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922 election]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rayner |first1=Gordon |last2=Swinford |first2=Stephen |date=25 April 2017 |title=Labour facing election wipeout as polls suggest Tory majority of up to 150 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/24/labour-facing-election-wipeout-polls-suggest-tory-majority-150/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425000401/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/24/labour-facing-election-wipeout-polls-suggest-tory-majority-150/ |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> An opinion poll published on 22 May suggested that the position had been reversed, with Labour now polling 44% in Wales and the Conservatives 34%.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=Poll shows Labour reclaiming lead in Wales |url=http://www.itv.com/news/wales/2017-05-22/poll-shows-labour-reclaiming-lead-in-wales/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523072534/http://www.itv.com/news/wales/2017-05-22/poll-shows-labour-reclaiming-lead-in-wales/ |archive-date=23 May 2017 |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=ITV.com}}</ref> Polls following the publication of the Labour and Conservative manifestos suggested that nationally, Labour was narrowing the Conservative lead to nine points, with YouGov putting the party on 35% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharman |first=Jon |date=22 May 2017 |title=Election 2017: Labour on similar voting share to Tony Blair's in 2005 election win |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/election-2017-labour-voting-share-tony-blair-2005-win-polls-majority-jeremy-corbyn-party-leader-a7748566.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619180340/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/election-2017-labour-voting-share-tony-blair-2005-win-polls-majority-jeremy-corbyn-party-leader-a7748566.html |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=22 May 2017 |work=The Independent}}</ref> The final election polls predicted an increased majority for the Conservatives.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barnes |first=Peter |date=13 June 2017 |title=How wrong was the election polling? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40265714 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114021812/https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40265714 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |access-date=21 November 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
=== Second term as Leader of the Opposition (2017–2019) ===
[[File:Jeremy_Corbyn_in_his_native_Shropshire_2017,_meeting_local_councillor_Beryl_Mason_and_former_MEP,_David_Hallam.png|thumb|Corbyn in Shropshire in 2017, meeting local councillor Beryl Mason and former MEP [[David Hallam]]]]
==== June 2017 Shadow Cabinet dismissals ====
Corbyn sacked three Shadow Cabinet members and a fourth resigned<ref name="out2017">{{cite web |date=29 June 2017 |title=Government's Queen's Speech clears Commons |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-40448814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629170718/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-40448814 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |access-date=28 June 2017 |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC}}</ref> after they rebelled against party orders to abstain on a motion aimed at keeping the UK in the EU single market, which was put forward by Labour MP [[Chuka Umunna]].<ref name="out2017" />
==== Salisbury poisoning response ====
On 15 March 2018, Corbyn wrote in ''[[The Guardian]]'' that "to rush way ahead of the evidence" about Russia's involvement in the [[Salisbury poisoning]] "serves neither justice nor our national security" and that responsibility for the attack "is a matter for police and security professionals to determine". However, he also said that Theresa May was right "to identify two possibilities for the source of the attack in Salisbury [...] Either this was a crime authored by the Russian state; or that state has allowed these deadly toxins to slip out of the control it has an obligation to exercise."<ref name="guardian150318">{{cite news |last=Corbyn |first=Jeremy |date=15 March 2018 |title=The Salisbury attack was appalling. But we must avoid a drift to conflict |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/15/salisbury-attack-conflict-britain-cold-war |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802002950/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/15/salisbury-attack-conflict-britain-cold-war |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stewart |first1=Heather |last2=Elliott |first2=Larry |date=15 March 2018 |title=Jeremy Corbyn defies critics and calls for calm over Russia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/mar/15/corbyn-defies-critics-calls-for-calm-over-russia-nerve-agent-attack |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726082036/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/mar/15/corbyn-defies-critics-calls-for-calm-over-russia-nerve-agent-attack |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=26 July 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> This sparked a row within the Labour Party, with more than 30 backbenchers signing an Early Day Motion "unequivocally" blaming Russia for the attack and several frontbenchers, including shadow foreign secretary [[Emily Thornberry]], shadow defence secretary [[Nia Griffith]] and shadow Brexit secretary Sir Keir Starmer, stating that Russia was to blame.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2018 |title=Russian spy: Labour row over Jeremy Corbyn's position |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43424867 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726074315/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43424867 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> A poll on 17 March found only 16% of voters believed Corbyn would be the best person to deal with the UK's relations with Russia, compared to 39% saying Theresa May.<ref>{{cite news |last=Helm |first=Toby |date=17 March 2018 |title=Britons back May over Corbyn to handle Russia row, poll finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/17/britons-back-may-over-corbyn-to-handle-russia-row-poll-finds |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726102756/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/17/britons-back-may-over-corbyn-to-handle-russia-row-poll-finds |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=26 July 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
On 20 March, Corbyn called for the British authorities to send a sample of the nerve agent involved in the poisoning to Russia, so they could "say categorically one way or the other" where it came from.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2020 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: Russia must be given nerve agent sample so they can say if it is theirs |url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/article/jeremy-corbyn-russia-must-be-given-nerve-agent-sample-so-they-can-say-if-it-is-theirs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726110543/https://www.politicshome.com/news/article/jeremy-corbyn-russia-must-be-given-nerve-agent-sample-so-they-can-say-if-it-is-theirs |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=26 July 2020 |website=Politics Home}}</ref> A few days later, Corbyn was satisfied that the evidence pointed to Russia.<ref>BBC, '[https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/jeremy-corbyn-sergei-skripal-theresa-may-novichok-russia-spy-poisoning-moscow-a8288826.html Jeremy Corbyn was right to be cautious about blaming Moscow for the Skripal poisoning'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819230912/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/jeremy-corbyn-sergei-skripal-theresa-may-novichok-russia-spy-poisoning-moscow-a8288826.html|date=19 August 2021}}' (15 March 2018)</ref> Polling between 10–13 April found only 23% of voters believed Corbyn had handled the situation well, with 44% (including 28% of 2017 Labour voters) believing he had handled it badly.<ref>{{cite news |last=Watts |first=Joe |date=14 April 2018 |title=Half of Britons back Theresa May's handling of Salisbury novichok incident, poll shows |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-may-salisbury-novichok-skripal-corbyn-a8304926.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-may-salisbury-novichok-skripal-corbyn-a8304926.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref>
Corbyn advisor [[Andrew Murray (trade unionist)|Andrew Murray]] later said that the Salisbury attack was "something we got wrong", saying "evidence that's emerged since is overwhelming". Murray said that at the time Corbyn and his team "just didn't think the Russian state would be so stupid and brazen as to [...] carry out a poisoning attack on British soil", although he admitted "given the Litvinenko precedent perhaps we should have done". Murray also suggested the response was the turning point for Corbyn's leadership, as it "started bringing all the doubts about Jeremy and the leader's office to the surface again".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Maguire |first1=Patrick |last2=Pogrund |first2=Gabriel |date=25 August 2020 |title=Jeremy Corbyn's stance on Skripals was political poison at the polls |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/jeremy-corbyns-stance-on-skripals-was-political-poison-at-the-polls-3hnbj7hpb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825194435/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/jeremy-corbyns-stance-on-skripals-was-political-poison-at-the-polls-3hnbj7hpb |archive-date=25 August 2020 |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=The Times}}</ref>
==== Developments of the Labour Party's Brexit policies ====
Following the 2017 general election, the party faced internal pressure to shift its Brexit policy away from a soft Brexit and towards a second referendum, a position widely supported among the party membership. In response, Corbyn said at the 2018 Labour Party conference that he did not support a second referendum but would abide by the decision of members at the conference.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wintour |first=Patrick, and Rowena Mason |date=27 December 2017 |title=Labour voters could abandon party over Brexit stance, poll finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/dec/27/labour-voters-could-abandon-party-over-brexit-stance-poll-finds |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216032045/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/dec/27/labour-voters-could-abandon-party-over-brexit-stance-poll-finds |archive-date=16 December 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="nyt230918">{{cite news |last=Castle |first=Stephen |date=23 September 2018 |title=Jeremy Corbyn, at Labour Party Conference, Faces Pressure on New Brexit Vote |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/23/world/europe/uk-labour-party.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206134404/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/23/world/europe/uk-labour-party.html |archive-date=6 December 2019 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The party conference decided to support a Brexit deal either negotiated by the Conservatives and meeting certain conditions or negotiated by Labour in government. The conference agreed to use all means to stop an unacceptable Brexit deal, including another referendum including an option to remain in the EU, as a last resort.<ref name="Chappell Davies Neame 2021">{{cite web |last1=Chappell |first1=Elliot |last2=Davies |first2=Will |last3=Neame |first3=Katie |date=9 December 2021 |title=Labour's Brexit composite motion in full – LabourList |url=https://labourlist.org/2018/09/labours-brexit-composite-motion-in-full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810142013/https://labourlist.org/2018/09/labours-brexit-composite-motion-in-full/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=LabourList}}</ref> A week after seven Labour MPs left the party in February 2019 to form [[The Independent Group]], partly in protest over Labour's Brexit position, the Labour leadership said it would support another referendum "as a final resort in order to stop a damaging Tory Brexit being forced on the country".<ref>{{cite news |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |date=26 February 2019 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: we'll back a second referendum to stop Tory no-deal Brexit |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/25/labour-to-back-moves-for-second-brexit-referendum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225180807/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/25/labour-to-back-moves-for-second-brexit-referendum |archive-date=25 February 2019 |access-date=6 December 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sparrow |first1=Andrew |last2=Rawlinson |first2=Kevin |date=25 February 2019 |title=Brexit: Labour will back amendment for second referendum, says Corbyn – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/live/2019/feb/25/brexit-latest-news-developments-theresa-may-increasingly-likely-to-accept-article-50-extension-minister-suggests-politics-live |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206134404/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/live/2019/feb/25/brexit-latest-news-developments-theresa-may-increasingly-likely-to-accept-article-50-extension-minister-suggests-politics-live |archive-date=6 December 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Following an exodus of Remain voters from Labour at the [[2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|2019 European Parliament elections]], Corbyn said he was "listening very carefully" after key members of his Shadow Cabinet including John McDonnell said publicly Labour should back a second referendum under any circumstances.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Rowena |last2=Elgot |first2=Jessica |date=28 May 2019 |title=Corbyn backs referendum on Brexit deal after EU election exodus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/27/jeremy-corbyn-signals-more-support-for-second-referendum-after-voter-exodus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911092808/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/27/jeremy-corbyn-signals-more-support-for-second-referendum-after-voter-exodus |archive-date=11 September 2021 |access-date=9 October 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> In July 2019, Corbyn announced Labour's policy was now that there must be a referendum on any Brexit deal, including the deal Labour would attempt to negotiate if it entered government, and that the party would campaign for Remain against any Tory Brexit.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bloom |first=Dan |date=9 July 2019 |title=Labour Brexit policy confirmed as party backs Remain in a second referendum |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/breaking-labour-brexit-policy-confirmed-17692444 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023005544/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/breaking-labour-brexit-policy-confirmed-17692444 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |website=mirror}}</ref> During the 2019 election Corbyn would promise to take a "neutral stance" during the referendum on any Brexit deal his government would negotiate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stewart |first1=Heather |last2=Walker |first2=Peter |date=22 November 2019 |title=Corbyn 'neutral' on Brexit as Johnson attacked on trust |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/22/jeremy-corbyn-labour-neutral-second-brexit-vote |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908200127/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/22/jeremy-corbyn-labour-neutral-second-brexit-vote |archive-date=8 September 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
==== Allegations of antisemitism ====
{{Main|Antisemitism in the British Labour Party}}
[[File:Jeremy Corbyn Portraits.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Corbyn, November 2019]]Corbyn's critics,<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2020 |title=A guide to Labour Party anti-Semitism claims |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-45030552 |work=BBC News}}</ref> including British Orthodox rabbi [[Jonathan Sacks]], former [[Chief Rabbi]] of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth,<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 August 2018 |title=Ex-chief rabbi condemns Corbyn comments on British Zionists |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-45333268 |work=BBC News}}</ref> have accused him of antisemitism in relation to past associations and comments as well as his handling of allegations within the party while defenders have cited his support for Jews against racism. These associations<ref>{{cite news |last=Shirbon |first=Estelle |title=British Jews protest against Labour's Corbyn over anti-Semitism |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-labour-antisemitism/british-jews-protest-against-labours-corbyn-over-anti-semitism-idUSKBN1H21H1 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> included hosting a meeting where [[Holocaust]] survivor and [[anti-Zionist]] political activist [[Hajo Meyer]] compared Israeli actions in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] to elements of the Holocaust; Corbyn stated of this event, "In the past, in pursuit of justice for the Palestinian people and peace in Israel/Palestine, I have on occasion appeared on platforms with people whose views I completely reject. I apologise for the concerns and anxiety that this has caused."<ref name="Marsh01082018">{{cite news |last=Marsh |first=Sarah |date=1 August 2018 |title=Corbyn apologises over event where Israel was compared to Nazis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/01/jeremy-corbyn-issues-apology-in-labour-antisemitism-row |access-date=2 August 2018 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="times2010">{{cite news |last=Zeffman |first=Henry |date=1 August 2018 |title=Jeremy Corbyn hosted event likening Israel to Nazis |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/jeremy-corbyn-hosted-event-likening-israel-to-nazis-6sb5rqd5x |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 August 2018 |newspaper=[[The Times]]}}</ref> Corbyn attended "two or three" of the annual ''[[Deir Yassin Massacre|Deir Yassin]] Remembered commemorations'' in London, with Jewish fellow Labour MP [[Gerald Kaufman]], organised by a group founded by Paul Eisen, who has [[denied the Holocaust]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Mendick |first=Robert |date=20 May 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn's 10-year association with group which denies the Holocaust |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/20/jeremy-corbyns-10-year-association-group-denies-holocaust/ |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=The Telegraph |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sokol |first=Sam |date=5 April 2016 |title=Britain's Labour Party expels activist over Holocaust denial |url=https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Britains-Labour-party-expels-activist-over-Holocaust-denial-450309 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> but it is not known whether Eisen attended the commemorations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mendick |first=Roberet |date=20 May 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn's 10-year association with group which denies the Holocaust |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/20/jeremy-corbyns-10-year-association-group-denies-holocaust/ |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |quote=Mr Corbyn was considered to be a “stalwart” supporter of an anti-Israel campaign group Deir Yassin Remembered (DYR) for several years after its organisers were exposed publicly for their extreme anti-Semitic views.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Paul |date=2008 |title=My Life as a Holocaust Denier |url=https://www.righteousjews.org/article27a.html |website=www.righteousjews.org}}</ref> Corbyn stated that he was unaware of the views expressed by Eisen, and had associated with Mayer and others with whom he disagreed in pursuit of progress in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 July 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: 'I wanted Hamas to be part of the debate' |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/jeremy-corbyn-i-wanted-hamas-to-be-part-of-the-debate |access-date=16 December 2017 |publisher=Channel 4 News}}</ref><ref name="Marsh01082018" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Mason |first=Rowena |date=17 August 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn says antisemitism claims 'ludicrous and wrong' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/18/jeremy-corbyn-antisemitism-claims-ludicrous-and-wrong |quote=Corbyn said he did attend a few meetings some years ago of a group called Deir Yassin Remembered |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Elgot |first1=Jessica |date=8 March 2018 |title=Labour suspends party members in 'antisemitic' Facebook group |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/mar/08/labour-suspends-party-members-in-antisemitic-facebook-group |access-date=29 July 2018 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>
Corbyn has been criticised for his defence of Palestinian-Israeli cleric and activist [[Raed Salah]], who was arrested in 2011 due to a deportation order one day before he was due to attend a meeting with MPs including Corbyn.<ref>{{cite web |last=Travis |first=Alan |date=29 June 2011 |title=Leading Palestinian activist arrested in London |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/29/sheikh-raed-salah-arrest-london |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Salah was accused of spreading the "[[blood libel]]" (the myth that Jews in Europe had used children's blood in making holy bread), a claim which he strongly denied. He had also written an article suggesting that 4,000 "Jewish clerks" had been absent on the day of the [[9/11 attacks]], alluding to the [[9/11 conspiracy theories|conspiracy theory]] that the Israeli secret service [[Mossad]] was involved in the attack.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ware |first=John |author-link=John Ware (TV journalist) |date=29 June 2011 |title=Questions over Sheikh Raed Salah's UK ban |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13969105 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> In a statement, Salah condemned antisemitism<ref name="memo2014feb20">{{cite web |date=20 February 2014 |title=A response to accusations made against Shaikh Raed Salah, Head of the Islamic Movement |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20140220-a-response-to-accusations-made-against-shaikh-raed-salah-head-of-the-islamic-movement/ |access-date=24 August 2020 |website=Middle East Monitor}}</ref> and denied the accusation of blood libel, of which he was later convicted and sentenced to eight months in prison<ref>{{cite web |date=4 March 2014 |title=Sheikh Raed Salah gets 8 months for incitement to violence |url=http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Sheikh-Raed-Salah-gets-8-months-for-incitement-to-violence-344246 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> before he successfully appealed his deportation. Corbyn said that Salah was "a voice of the Palestinian people that needs to be heard" and accused then-Home Secretary [[Theresa May]] of giving "an executive detention order against him".<ref name=":1">{{cite news |date=2 April 2019 |title=The Londoner: Jeremy Corbyn's articles open old wounds |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/londoners-diary/the-londoner-jeremy-corbyns-articles-open-old-wounds-a4107141.html |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> Following Salah's successful appeal against deportation, Corbyn said he was looking forward to inviting the cleric to "tea on the [[House of Commons]] terrace, because you deserve it". A Labour source also stated in response, "Jeremy Corbyn is a determined supporter of justice for the Palestinian people and opponent of anti-Semitism. He condemns support for Palestinians being used as a mask for anti-Semitism and attempts to silence legitimate criticism of Israel by wrongly conflating it with anti-Semitism. There was widespread criticism of the attempt to deport Raed Salah, including from [[Jews for Justice for Palestinians]], and his appeal against deportation succeeded on all grounds."<ref name=":1" />
In 2012, the artist [[Mear One]] publicised on social media that his mural ''[[Freedom for Humanity]]'', about exploitative bankers and industrialists, was being censored; Corbyn responded at the time by questioning the removal of the artwork, and then in 2018 was criticised by Jewish leaders for not recognising an [[antisemitic canard]]. In response to that criticism, Corbyn said he regretted that he "did not look more closely at the image", agreed it was antisemitic, and endorsed the decision to remove it.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Heather |date=23 March 2018 |title=Corbyn in antisemitism row after backing artist behind 'offensive' mural |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/mar/23/corbyn-criticised-after-backing-artist-behind-antisemitic-mural |access-date=14 February 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Lipstadt |first=Deborah E. |author-link=Deborah Lipstadt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aWJKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60 |title=Antisemitism: Here and Now |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-8052-4338-3 |pages=59–61}}</ref> In 2020, the [[Equality and Human Rights Commission]] (EHRC) revealed that an antisemitism complaint had been made against Corbyn in April 2018 over his defence of the mural and that members of Corbyn's office "directly interfered in the decision not to investigate the case", an example of political interference which the EHRC concluded was "unlawful".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Courea |first1=Eleni |last2=Fisher |first2=Lucy |last3=Elliott |first3=Francis |date=29 October 2020 |title=Jeremy Corbyn suspended from Labour after antisemitism verdict |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/jeremy-corbyns-labour-guilty-of-multiple-failures-on-antisemitism-b6dsd3mq3 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> Corbyn was criticised for a 2013 speech in which he spoke of certain Zionists who had "berated" the Palestinian speaker at a meeting, "they don't want to study history and secondly having lived in this country for a very long time, probably all their lives, they don't understand English irony either" (used by the speaker).<ref name="https">{{cite news |last1=Stewart |first1=Heather |last2=Sparrow |first2=Andrew |date=24 August 2018 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: I used the term 'Zionist' in accurate political sense |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/24/corbyn-english-irony-video-reignites-antisemitism-row-labour |access-date=12 September 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="Paul JPost">{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Jonny |date=20 January 2013 |title=Palestinian envoy to Britain dismisses two-state solution |url=https://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Palestinian-envoy-to-Britain-dismisses-two-state-solution |access-date=27 August 2018 |newspaper=Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Corbyn |first=Jeremy |date=29 August 2018 |title=Full text of that speech by Jeremy on the Palestinian ambassador to the UK, English irony and certain Zionist critics, ['Britain's Legacy in Palestine' conference, 19 January 2013, Friends Meeting House, Palestinian Return Centre] |url=http://labourbriefing.squarespace.com/home/2018/8/29/full-texxt-of-that-speech-by-jeremy-on-zionists-and-a-sense-of-irony |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225611/http://labourbriefing.squarespace.com/home/2018/8/29/full-texxt-of-that-speech-by-jeremy-on-zionists-and-a-sense-of-irony |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=30 August 2018 |newspaper=[[Labour Briefing]] website}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 August 2018 |title=Remarks about Zionists draw official complaint against Jeremy Corbyn |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/26/jeremy-corbyn-official-antisemitism-complaint |access-date=30 August 2018 |work=[[The Observer]]}}</ref> The remarks were criticised for appearing to perpetuate the [[antisemitic canard]] that Jews fail or refuse to integrate into wider society.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Mead |first=Rebecca |date=27 August 2018 |title=Jeremy Corbyn and the English Fetishization of Irony |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/the-english-fetishization-of-irony |access-date=9 April 2019 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hattenstone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2018 |title=I still don't believe Corbyn is antisemitic – but his 'irony' comments unquestionably were |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/aug/24/jeremy-corbyn-antisemitism-labour-zionists-2013-speech |access-date=9 April 2019 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Corbyn responded that he was using ''Zionist'' "in the accurate political sense and not as a euphemism for Jewish people".<ref name="https" /> [[Jonathan Sacks]], a former Chief Rabbi, described the remark as "the most offensive statement made by a senior British politician since [[Enoch Powell]]'s 1968 'rivers of blood' speech."<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2021 |title=Corbyn's "Zionist" remarks were "most offensive" since Enoch Powell, says ex-chief rabbi |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2018/08/corbyn-s-zionist-remarks-were-most-offensive-enoch-powell-says-ex-chief-rabbi |website=www.newstatesman.com}}</ref>
Following coverage of alleged antisemitic statements by party members, Corbyn commissioned the [[Chakrabarti Inquiry]] and supported changes to the party's rules and procedures to make [[hate speech]] and expressions of racism a disciplinary offence.<ref>{{cite news |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |date=26 September 2017 |title=Labour to adopt new antisemitism rules after conference row |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/sep/26/labour-to-adopt-new-antisemitism-rules-after-conference-row |access-date=25 November 2017 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> In July 2018, Labour, with Corbyn's support, agreed a code of conduct which excluded or amended some of the examples from the [[Working Definition of Antisemitism|IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism]] relating to criticism of Israel. Britain's three main Jewish newspapers jointly called a Corbyn-led government an "existential threat to Jewish life" in Britain.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 July 2018 |title=New Labour anti-Semitism code faces criticism |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-44863606 |access-date=8 May 2020 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rawlinson |first1=Kevin |last2=Crerar |first2=Pippa |date=26 July 2018 |title=Jewish newspapers claim Corbyn poses 'existential threat' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/25/jewish-newspapers-claim-corbyn-poses-existential-threat |access-date=9 April 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Corbyn was accosted by Labour MP [[Margaret Hodge]] in the Commons; she then told him she believed he was "an antisemitic racist" because of his perceived reluctance to adopt the [[Working definition of antisemitism|International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's definition of antisemitism]] in full.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 July 2018 |title=Labour acts against Margaret Hodge for calling Corbyn racist |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/18/labour-party-to-take-action-against-mp-who-called-corbyn-a-racist |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In an opinion piece for ''[[The Guardian]]'', Hodge explained that, for her, as the daughter of [[Holocaust survivors]], the issue of racism was personal.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 July 2018 |title=I was right to confront Jeremy Corbyn over Labour's antisemitism | Margaret Hodge |url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jul/18/jeremy-corbyn-labour-antisemitism-margaret-hodge |website=The Guardian}}</ref> The party began disciplinary action against Hodge but dropped the charges in August, claiming she had "expressed regret for the manner in which she raised her views", but Hodge denied this was the case.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 August 2018 |title=Labour ends action against Margaret Hodge in antisemitism row |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/06/labour-ends-action-against-margaret-hodge-in-antisemitism-row |website=The Guardian}}</ref>
In 2019, Corbyn was criticised<ref>{{cite news |last=Finkelstein |first=Daniel |date=30 April 2019 |title=Corbyn's praise for deeply antisemitic book |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/corbyn-s-praise-for-deeply-antisemitic-book-6jfcmh5fp |via=www.thetimes.co.uk}}</ref> for a foreword he wrote in 2011 for a republication of the 1902 book ''[[Imperialism: A Study]]'' by [[John A. Hobson]], as the book contains the antisemitic assertion that finance was controlled "by men of a single and peculiar race, who have behind them many centuries of financial experience" who "are in a unique position to control the policy of nations". In his foreword, he called the book a "great tome" and "brilliant, and very controversial at the time".<ref name="Guardian20190501">{{cite news |last1=Marsh |first1=Sarah |last2=Stewart |first2=Heather |date=1 May 2019 |title=Jewish leaders demand explanation over Corbyn book foreword |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/may/01/jeremy-corbyn-rejects-antisemitism-claim-over-book-foreword |access-date=31 August 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> Corbyn responded that the language used to describe minorities in Hobson's work is "absolutely deplorable", but he stated that his foreword analysed "the process which led to the [[first world war]]" which he saw as the subject of the book and not Hobson's language.<ref name="Guardian20190501" />
In 2020, former Corbyn advisor [[Andrew Murray (trade unionist)|Andrew Murray]] suggested Corbyn may have struggled to empathise with the Jewish community during his leadership, stating: "He is very empathetic, Jeremy, but he's empathetic with the poor, the disadvantaged, the migrant, the marginalised. [...] Happily, that is not the Jewish community in Britain today."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pride, prejudice and a problem that struck at Corbyn's core |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/pride-prejudice-and-a-problem-that-struck-at-corbyns-core-mwjpl36s9 |work=The Times}}</ref><ref name="Bodley">{{cite book |last1=Maguire |first1=Patrick |title=Left Out: The Inside Story of Labour Under Corbyn |last2=Pogrund |first2=Gabriel |date=2020 |publisher=The Bodley Head |page=120}}</ref> Corbyn raised the question in internal debates of whether there was a risk of giving the Jewish community 'special treatment'.<ref name="Bodley" /> In 2021 Corbyn was a guest at the [[Cambridge Union]]. He was asked by the society's President, Joel Rosen, what he had done to stop [[Luciana Berger]], a Jewish MP for [[Liverpool Wavertree]], from being "hounded out" of the Labour party. Corbyn replied that Berger "was not hounded out of the party. She unfortunately decided to resign from the party."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boycott-Owen |first=Mason |date=11 June 2021 |title=Jewish MP was not hounded out of Labour Party, says Jeremy Corbyn |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/06/11/jewish-mp-not-hounded-labour-party-says-jeremy-corbyn/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/06/11/jewish-mp-not-hounded-labour-party-says-jeremy-corbyn/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |newspaper=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Harpin |first=Lee |title=Corbyn tells Cambridge Union: Luciana Berger 'was not hounded out' of Labour |url=https://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/corbyn-tells-cambridge-union-luciana-berger-was-not-hounded-out-of-labour/ |website=jewishnews.timesofisrael.com}}</ref>
A September 2018 poll carried out by polling firm [[Survation]], on behalf of the [[Jewish Chronicle]], found that 86% of British Jews and 39% of the British public believed Corbyn to be antisemitic.<ref>Sugarman, Daniel (13 September 2018). [https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/more-than-85-per-cent-of-british-jews-think-jeremy-corbyn-is-antisemitic-1.469654 "More than 85 per cent of British Jews think Jeremy Corbyn is anti-Semitic"]. ''[[The Jewish Chronicle]]''. Retrieved 31 August 2020.</ref> A poll conducted in 2021 by [[YouGov]], again on behalf of the Jewish Chronicle, found that 70% of Labour members dismissed the idea that the party had a problem with antisemitism, and 72% believe Corbyn should not have been expelled from the party.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallis Simons |first=Jake |date=30 March 2021 |title=70% of Labour members still think the party has no problem with Jew hate and don't want Corbyn expelled |url=https://www.thejc.com/true-views-of-labour-membership-revealed-in-new-poll-1.513656 |access-date=31 March 2021 |work=The Jewish Chronicle}}</ref>
In November 2019, a number of British public figures urged voters in a letter published in ''The Guardian'' to reject Corbyn in the impending general election, alleging an "association with antisemitism".<ref>{{cite news |date=16 November 2019 |title=UK public figures, writer John le Carré oppose Corbyn due to antisemitism |url=https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Antisemitism/UK-public-figures-writer-John-le-Carr%C3%A9-oppose-Corbyn-due-to-antisemitism-607920 |work=Jerusalem Post}}</ref> The Labour Party responded by noting their robust actions in dealing with it and that several of the signatories had themselves been accused of antisemitism, Islamophobia and misogyny and/or were Conservatives and Liberal Democrats.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mason |first=Rowena |date=14 November 2019 |title=Labour antisemitism row: public figures say they cannot vote for party under Corbyn |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/14/labour-antisemitism-row-public-figures-say-they-cannot-vote-for-party-under-corbyn |access-date=16 November 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>
===== Antisemitism dossier =====
In April 2020, an internal Labour Party [[The Labour Party dossier into the handling of antisemitism|report]], entitled ''[[The work of the Labour Party's Governance and Legal Unit in relation to antisemitism, 2014–2019]]'', was leaked to the media.<ref name="sky120420">{{cite news |last=Reyner |first=Tom |date=12 April 2020 |title=Labour antisemitism investigation will not be sent to equality commission |url=https://news.sky.com/story/labour-antisemitism-investigation-will-not-be-sent-to-equality-commission-11972071 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830004639/https://news.sky.com/story/labour-antisemitism-investigation-will-not-be-sent-to-equality-commission-11972071 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=15 April 2020 |agency=Sky News}}</ref><ref name="independent1304202">{{cite news |last1=Stone |first1=Jon |date=13 April 2020 |title=Anti-Corbyn Labour officials worked to lose general election to oust leader, leaked dossier finds |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leak-report-corbyn-election-whatsapp-antisemitism-tories-yougov-poll-a9462456.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leak-report-corbyn-election-whatsapp-antisemitism-tories-yougov-poll-a9462456.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref> The report was completed in the last months of Corbyn's leadership and was meant to form part of the Labour Party's submission to the [[Equality and Human Rights Commission]] (EHRC) inquiry into Labour's approach to dealing with antisemitism.<ref name="guardian120420">{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Rowena |date=12 April 2020 |title='Hostility to Corbyn' curbed Labour efforts to tackle antisemitism, says leaked report |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/apr/12/hostility-to-corbyn-curbed-labour-efforts-to-tackle-antisemitism-says-leaked-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818231345/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/apr/12/hostility-to-corbyn-curbed-labour-efforts-to-tackle-antisemitism-says-leaked-report |archive-date=18 August 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> It included 10,000 emails and thousands of private [[WhatsApp]] communications between former senior party officials.<ref name="sky120420" /> The Labour Party had, after the intervention of party lawyers, decided not to submit the report to the EHRC.<ref name="sky120420" />
According to the report there was "an abnormal intensity of factional opposition" to Corbyn which had "inhibited the proper functioning of the Labour Party bureaucracy".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stone |first1=Jon |date=14 April 2020 |title=Labour leader Keir Starmer announces 'urgent investigation' into leaked party antisemitism report |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-report-leak-keir-starmer-investigation-angela-rayner-antisemitism-a9462881.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-report-leak-keir-starmer-investigation-angela-rayner-antisemitism-a9462881.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=17 April 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=12 April 2020 |title=Socialists call for transparency over anti-semitism investigation that risks being 'suppressed' |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/socialists-call-transparency-over-anti-semitism-investigation-risks-being-suppressed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416161947/https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/socialists-call-transparency-over-anti-semitism-investigation-risks-being-suppressed |archive-date=16 April 2020 |access-date=17 April 2020 |publisher=Morning Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bastani |first1=Aaron |date=12 April 2020 |title='It's going to be a long night' – How Members of Labour's Senior Management Team Campaigned to Lose |url=https://novaramedia.com/2020/04/12/its-going-to-be-a-long-night-how-members-of-labours-senior-management-campaigned-to-lose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419031456/https://novaramedia.com/2020/04/12/its-going-to-be-a-long-night-how-members-of-labours-senior-management-campaigned-to-lose/ |archive-date=19 April 2020 |access-date=17 April 2020 |publisher=NovaraMedia}}</ref> The report included what it alleges were examples of how senior Labour Party officials including former party general secretary [[Iain McNicol]] worked to undermine Labour's campaign in the 2017 general election in order to force a change of leader. The report revealed that senior party officials sent insulting WhatsApp messages about leftwing MPs, including [[Diane Abbott]], and officials in Corbyn's office.<ref name="independent1304202" /><ref name="Rayner 2020">{{cite web |last=Rayner |first=Tom |date=11 April 2020 |title=Labour antisemitism investigation will not be sent to equality commission |url=https://news.sky.com/story/labour-antisemitism-investigation-will-not-be-sent-to-equality-commission-11972071 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830004639/https://news.sky.com/story/labour-antisemitism-investigation-will-not-be-sent-to-equality-commission-11972071 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=7 May 2020 |website=Sky News}}</ref><ref name="The Guardian 2020 leaked">{{cite web |last1=Stewart |first1=Heather |last2=Walker |first2=Peter |date=15 April 2020 |title=Labour's Iain McNicol steps down from Lords role after report leak |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/apr/15/labour-must-turn-its-back-on-factionalism-says-keir-starmer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503202800/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/apr/15/labour-must-turn-its-back-on-factionalism-says-keir-starmer |archive-date=3 May 2020 |access-date=7 May 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Prior to the 2017 election, officials discussed using party resources to assist candidates critical of Corbyn, such as deputy leader [[Tom Watson (Labour politician)|Tom Watson]]. The report stated that officials operated a "secret key seats team from where a parallel general election campaign was run to support MPs associated with the right wing of the party".<ref name="independent1304202" /> The officials expressed dismay over the party's unexpectedly strong results in the 2017 general election.<ref name="independent1304202" /><ref name="Rayner 2020" /><ref name="The Guardian 2020 leaked" /> In response to the report, Labour MP [[Kate Osamor]] called for the expulsion of those involved.<ref>{{cite news |last=Child |first=David |date=13 April 2020 |title=UK Labour Party orders probe into leaked anti-Semitism report |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/uk-labour-party-orders-probe-leaked-anti-semitism-report-200413195941724.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414051218/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/uk-labour-party-orders-probe-leaked-anti-semitism-report-200413195941724.html |archive-date=14 April 2020 |access-date=15 April 2020 |agency=Al Jazeera}}</ref> In contrast ''[[New Statesman]]'' political editor [[Stephen Bush]] wrote in the ''[[New Statesman]]'' that the "report's summary writes a cheque that its findings cannot cash".<ref>{{cite web |last=Bush |first=Stephen |date=13 April 2020 |title=Why Keir Starmer's response to a leaked party report into anti-Semitism is the right one |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/staggers/2020/04/why-keir-starmers-response-leaked-party-report-anti-semitism-right-one |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610030438/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/staggers/2020/04/why-keir-starmers-response-leaked-party-report-anti-semitism-right-one |archive-date=10 June 2020 |access-date=15 June 2020 |website=NewStatesman}}</ref>
In May 2020, the Labour Party [[National Executive Committee of the Labour Party|National Executive Committee]] (NEC) appointed barrister Martin Forde to chair an investigation into the leaked report on antisemitism.<ref name="ind010520">{{cite news |last1=Cowburn |first1=Ashley |date=1 May 2020 |title=Windrush adviser to chair investigation into Labour's leaked antisemitism report |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-report-leak-antisemitism-nec-martin-forde-windrush-scandal-a9494556.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-report-leak-antisemitism-nec-martin-forde-windrush-scandal-a9494556.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref> The inquiry was set up to examine the contents of the report as well as how it was authored and leaked. It was expected to release its findings in 2021,<ref name="guardian070820">{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Peter |date=7 August 2020 |title=Where the battle lines are being drawn over leaked Labour report |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/aug/07/where-the-battle-lines-are-being-drawn-over-leaked-labour-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101072331/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/aug/07/where-the-battle-lines-are-being-drawn-over-leaked-labour-report |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> but was delayed indefinitely over concerns it could prejudice an investigation by the information commissioner into the leak,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elgot |first1=Jessica |date=11 February 2021 |title=Labour to delay publication of antisemitism inquiry findings |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/feb/11/labour-to-delay-publication-of-antisemitism-inquiry-findings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024131609/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/feb/11/labour-to-delay-publication-of-antisemitism-inquiry-findings |archive-date=24 October 2022 |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> eventually being published in July 2022. In Corbyn's submission to the Forde inquiry, submitted jointly with eight other colleagues, he was reported to have accused officials of sabotage and said their diversion of funds could constitute fraud.<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Peter |date=7 August 2020 |title=Jeremy Corbyn accuses Labour officials of sabotaging election campaign |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/aug/07/jeremy-corbyn-accuses-labour-officials-of-sabotaging-election-campaign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906120052/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/aug/07/jeremy-corbyn-accuses-labour-officials-of-sabotaging-election-campaign |archive-date=6 September 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> The diverted funds refer to the "Bespoke Materials Service" (sometimes referred to as the 'Ergon House Project'), which represented 1.2 per cent of Labour's total election spend and was focused towards certain Labour-held seats rather than offensive targets. BMS was apparently not disclosed to Corbyn's office. Officials said their targeting was due to fears Labour would lose seats, based on its poor polling position at the start of the campaign, and that three of the seats supported by BMS were less than 500 votes away from being lost to the Conservatives.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ware |first=John |date=26 August 2020 |title=The anti-Corbyn plot that never was |url=https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/september-2020/the-anti-corbyn-plot-that-never-was/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901183550/https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/september-2020/the-anti-corbyn-plot-that-never-was/ |archive-date=1 September 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |website=The Critic Magazine}}</ref> The 2017 campaigns chief, Patrick Heneghan also stated that Corbyn's office had demanded he divert funds towards a list of Labour-held seats, some with majorities of over 10,000, to help MPs were considered allies of Corbyn, including [[Ian Lavery]] and [[Jon Trickett]]. Heneghan said the use of funds in BMS was legal, as it had been authorised by the General Secretary, and stated it had been kept from Corbyn's office because staffers believed they were "in a bind" and "felt it was pointless to try and discuss this sensibly with Jeremy's staff".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Waugh |first1=Paul |date=27 August 2020 |title=Corbyn's Office Ordered 2017 Election Campaign Funding Cuts For 'Moderate' Labour MPs, Ex-Campaigns Chief Reveals |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/patrick-heneghan-hitlist-mps-2017-election-forde_uk_5f46c61fc5b697186e304d21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521111805/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/patrick-heneghan-hitlist-mps-2017-election-forde_uk_5f46c61fc5b697186e304d21 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=Huffington Post}}</ref>
''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that "[w]hile the leaked report does show hostility to Corbyn during the 2017 election, and even dismay among some officials when he did better than expected, there is seemingly no proof of active obstruction" by Labour officials and that there was "an argument that any evidence of election-scuppering is circumstantial rather than a smoking gun".<ref name="guardian070820" /> In July 2022, the Forde Report concluded that while the leader's office and party staff "were trying to win in different ways", it was "highly unlikely" this cost Labour the 2017 election (see [[Jeremy Corbyn#Publication of the Forde Report|Publication of Forde Report]]).<ref>{{cite web |date=19 July 2022 |title=Antisemitism issue used as 'factional weapon' in Labour, report finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/jul/19/antisemitism-factional-weapon-labour-party-forde-report-finds |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726161518/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/jul/19/antisemitism-factional-weapon-labour-party-forde-report-finds |archive-date=26 July 2022 |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref>
==== Other events ====
In 2018, Conservative MP [[Ben Bradley (politician)|Ben Bradley]] posted a tweet saying that Jeremy Corbyn had passed British secrets to a spy from communist Czechoslovakia. Corbyn threatened legal action against Bradley, which resulted in Bradley deleting the tweet, apologising for his comments which he accepted were "untrue and false", and agreeing to pay Corbyn's legal costs and to donate to a charity of Corbyn's choice.<ref name="ben bradley apology">{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=MP Ben Bradley apologises for Corbyn tweet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43183344 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725112543/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43183344 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |access-date=25 July 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
In February 2019, seven MPs – Chuka Umunna, [[Luciana Berger]], [[Chris Leslie]], [[Angela Smith (South Yorkshire politician)|Angela Smith]], [[Mike Gapes]], [[Gavin Shuker]] and Ann Coffey – resigned from the Labour Party to form [[The Independent Group]], citing Corbyn's handling of Brexit and of allegations of [[Antisemitism in the British Labour Party|antisemitism]].<ref name="resign">{{cite news |date=18 February 2019 |title=Seven MPs leave Labour Party in protest at Jeremy Corbyn's leadership |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47278902 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301061322/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47278902 |archive-date=1 March 2019 |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> They were soon joined by [[Joan Ryan (politician)|Joan Ryan]], while [[Ian Austin]] resigned to sit as an independent.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |date=20 February 2019 |title=MP Joan Ryan quits Labour for Independent Group |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47300832 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219222328/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47300832 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Sabbagh |date=22 February 2019 |title=Labour MP Ian Austin quits the party over 'culture of antisemitism' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/22/labour-mp-ian-austin-quits-the-party |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910172842/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/22/labour-mp-ian-austin-quits-the-party |archive-date=10 September 2019 |access-date=13 December 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> TIG later rebranded as [[Change UK]], and all of the defecting MPs left Parliament at the 2019 general election, with some losing their seats, others not seeking re-election, and some standing and losing in different constituencies from the ones that they had previously held.<ref>{{cite web |last=York |first=Chris |date=13 December 2020 |title=Every MP Who Defected From Labour Or Tories Has Lost Their Seat |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/change-uk-labour-tories-defections-lose-seats_uk_5df2d024e4b04bcba1812246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531054133/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/change-uk-labour-tories-defections-lose-seats_uk_5df2d024e4b04bcba1812246 |archive-date=31 May 2021 |access-date=30 October 2020 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref>
In March 2019, Corbyn was assaulted by a Brexit supporter outside a mosque in [[Finsbury Park]], [[North London]]. His attacker was sentenced to 28 days in jail.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baynes |first1=Chris |date=25 March 2019 |title=Brexit supporter who hit Jeremy Corbyn with egg is jailed |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/corbyn-egg-attack-brexit-assault-court-trial-prison-john-murphy-a8838911.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/corbyn-egg-attack-brexit-assault-court-trial-prison-john-murphy-a8838911.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=4 April 2019 |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref>
A video of soldiers from the [[3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment]], stationed in Afghanistan using an image of Corbyn for target practice was posted on social media in April 2019. [[Momentum (organisation)|Momentum]] said the video due to the "radicalising effect the rightwing press is having". ''The Independent'' expressed the view that Corbyn was "unpopular in parts of the military because of his past policies on [[Northern Ireland]], [[Trident (UK nuclear programme)|Trident]] and [[opposition to the Iraq War]] and other foreign interventions".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sabbagh |first1=Dan |last2=Weaver |first2=Matthew |date=3 April 2019 |title=Video shows British troops firing at Jeremy Corbyn poster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/apr/03/video-british-troops-firing-jeremy-corbyn-poster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107172046/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/apr/03/video-british-troops-firing-jeremy-corbyn-poster |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=4 April 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dearden |first1=Lizzie |date=3 April 2019 |title=British soldiers shown shooting Jeremy Corbyn target prompts army investigation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/soldiers-corbyn-shoot-target-practice-army-mod-kabul-a8852156.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/soldiers-corbyn-shoot-target-practice-army-mod-kabul-a8852156.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=4 April 2019 |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref> In July 2019, the soldiers involved received reprimands, with two being demoted.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 July 2019 |title=Jeremy Corbyn target practice film soldiers disciplined |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-48868071 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705151819/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-48868071 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |access-date=4 July 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
In 2019, Corbyn refused an invitation to attend a state banquet for [[Donald Trump]], hosted by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] during the president's June visit to the UK.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bienkov |first1=Adam |date=27 April 2019 |title=Jeremy Corbyn refuses invite from the Queen to attend banquet with 'racist and misogynistic' Donald Trump |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/jeremy-corbyn-refuses-invite-queen-to-attend-state-banquet-with-donald-trump-2019-4?r=US&IR=T |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802000342/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/jeremy-corbyn-refuses-invite-queen-to-attend-state-banquet-with-donald-trump-2019-4?r=US&IR=T |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=11 June 2019 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> Corbyn then attended a London protest outside Trump and May's joint press conference<ref name="guardian090619">{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Rowena |last2=Stewart |first2=Heather |date=9 June 2019 |title=Mike Pompeo tells Jewish leaders he would 'push back' against Corbyn |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jun/09/mike-pompeo-leaked-recording-corbyn-labour-jewish-leaders |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610192000/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jun/09/mike-pompeo-leaked-recording-corbyn-labour-jewish-leaders |archive-date=10 June 2019 |access-date=11 June 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> and requested a meeting with Trump to discuss issues such as the "climate emergency, threats to peace and the refugee crisis". Trump rejected the request, saying that Corbyn was a "negative force".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Allegretti |first1=Aubrey |last2=Gillespie |first2=Tom |last3=Mercer |first3=David |date=4 June 2019 |title=Donald Trump rejects meeting with 'negative force' Jeremy Corbyn during state visit |url=https://news.sky.com/story/donald-trump-refused-corbyn-meeting-in-attack-on-negative-force-11734623 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608092501/https://news.sky.com/story/donald-trump-refused-corbyn-meeting-in-attack-on-negative-force-11734623 |archive-date=8 June 2019 |access-date=11 June 2019 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref>
==== 2019 general election and resignation ====
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