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| term_end = 3 March 1909
| office1 = Minister of Justice, Religion and Public Education of Paraguay
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| predecessor1 = José
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| office4 = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Paraguay)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Paraguay]]▼
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▲| predecessor4 = Héctor Velázquez
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| successor6 = Benjamín Aceval
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| term_start8 =
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| term_start9 = 17 May 1871
| office9 = [[Minister of Finance (Paraguay)|Minister of Finance of Paraguay]]▼
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▲| term_end9 = 17 July 1891
▲| successor9 = Otoniel Peña
| term_start10 = 25 November 1890
| office10 = [[Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay|President of the Paraguayan Supreme Court of Justice]]▼
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▲| predecessor10 = Carlos Loizaga
| term_end11 = 11 July 1878
▲|term_start11= {{dts|1892||}}
| successor11 = José González Granado
|term_end11= {{dts|1894||}}▼
| predecessor11 = Carlos Loizaga
|office12=[[List of ambassadors of Paraguay to Brazil|Paraguayan Ambassador to Brazil]]
|term_start12= {{dts|1892||}}
| parents = {{plainlist}}
* [[Juan Francisco Decoud|Juan Francisco Decoud Berazategui]]
* María Luisa Concepción Domecq Grance
{{endplainlist}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1848|5|14}}
| spouse = María Benigna Peña Guanes
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| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1909|3|3|1848|5|14}}
| death_place = Asunción, [[Paraguay]]
| resting_place = [[Recoleta Cemetery,
}}
'''José Segundo Decoud Domecq''' (14 May 1848 – 3 March 1909) was a Paraguayan politician, journalist, diplomat and military officer. He is often considered one of the foremost intellectuals of his generation,{{sfn|Warren|Warren|2014|pp= 302-303}}{{sfn|Prado|2022|p= 97-98}} and was also one of the first liberals of the country. Decoud was one of the founders of the long-standing [[Colorado Party (Paraguay)|Colorado Party]], having been its first vice-president and having written its founding instrument.{{sfn|Warren|Warren|2014|pp= 73-77}}
== Biography ==
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Months before the war was over, and with the chief Brazilian diplomat [[José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco|Silva Paranhos]]' approval, the new Paraguayan politics began to form. On 26 June 1869, the ''Club del Pueblo'' was created with Segundo as a secretary. The club was a liberal political organization mostly composed by former members of the Paraguayan Legion and other dissenters to the López regime.{{sfn|Decoud|1925|p= 123}} Already being an important figure in postwar Asunción due to his name and ideas, Decoud was named one of the members of the constitutional assembly that created the [[Constitution of Paraguay#Constitution of 1870|1870 Constitution]],<ref>{{cite web|title=José Segundo Decoud|url=https://www.anr.org.py/el-partido/lideres-del-partido/jose-segundo-decoud/|website=anr.org.py|publisher= ANR - Partido Colorado|language=es|access-date=31 October 2022|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516180427/https://www.anr.org.py/el-partido/lideres-del-partido/jose-segundo-decoud/|url-status=live}}</ref> and in 1871 was made minister of Foreign Affairs for [[Cirilo Antonio Rivarola|Cirilo Rivarola]]'s government, having previously been Rivarola's secretary while the latter served as [[triumvirate|triumvir]].{{sfn|Aquino|1985|p= 48}} Afterwards, as Paraguayan politics took a violent turn,{{sfn|Prado|2022|pp=41-45}} Decoud withdrew temporarily from them to focus on his career as a journalist, and returned only in 1878 as minister for the [[Candido Bareiro]] government. The 1880s were the years in which he was the most active and had the greatest impact upon Paraguayan politics.
One of his most important feats was achieved in 1885, when he went to [[London]] as an extraordinary envoy and managed to renegotiate Paraguay’s debt there from little short of 3 million pounds sterling to 850 thousand, though the country had to cede 8,700 km<sup>2</sup> of land to the bondholders in exchange.{{sfn|Prado|2022|p= 45}} As a diplomat, he also represented Paraguay as ambassador to the [[Empire of Brazil]] and to the Uruguayan government. Besides this, he was one of the founders, alongside ex-president [[Bernardino Caballero]] and others, of the Colorado Party in 1887, to which he contributed many years as its main ideologue.{{sfn|Warren|Warren|2014|p= 73}} The foundation of the country’s first university, the [[Universidad Nacional de Asunción]], was in good part motivated by him, as well.{{sfn|Warren|Warren|2014|pp= 299-300}}<ref name="auto11">{{Cite web |url=https://una.py/images/stories/Investigacion/revistas/vol2.pdf |title=UNA 120 años de historia - Volumen II |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2021-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519032809/https://una.py/images/stories/Investigacion/revistas/vol2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Some controversies marked his career. He was one of the foremost advocates for the process of land sales by the government conducted from 1883 onwards,{{sfn|Warren|Warren|2014|pp= 170}} which served to concentrate land ownership rapidly and which had a somewhat short-lived impact in the country’s finances;{{sfn|Prado|2022|pp=90-98}} he also was accused of having plotted with Argentine authorities in the 1870s to allow for Paraguay’s annexation to the former country.{{sfn|Warren|Warren|2014|p= 101}} In the 1890s he would still occupy many cabinet positions and was considered for the presidency, but intrigues kept him from power,{{sfn|Warren|Warren|2014|pp=92-93}} as they had more than once done in the decades before.
===Journalistic career===
José Segundo Decoud began his career in press soon after his return to Paraguay. Together with his brother Héctor Decoud, he started to work as editor and writer for the newspaper ''[[La Regeneración (Paraguay)|La Regeneración]]'' in 1869, which lasted until September 1870. Throughout the 1870s and 1880s he contributed to other newspapers such as ''La Reforma'' and ''La Opinión Pública''.{{sfn|Calzada|1913|p= 61}} His impactful texts were frequently republished in Argentine newspapers. Decoud also translated [[Joseph Alden]]'s ''The Science of Government in Connection with American Institutions'' to Spanish,<ref name="biblioteca paraguaya">{{cite book|title=Catálogo de la Biblioteca Paraguaya "Solano López"|date=1906|publisher=H. Kraus|isbn=9780274437306|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b90vAAAAYAAJ|access-date=2022-10-30}}</ref> and wrote books and articles such as ''Recuerdos históricos'', ''La amistad,'' ''Cuestiones Políticas y Económicas'', edited in 1876, and ''El patriotismo'', published in 1905.{{sfn|Calzada|1913|pp= 62-63}} When he died, in 1909, it is said that he had been preparing for some years to write a book that would discuss Paraguayan history from the colonial era to his time.{{sfn|Calzada|1913|p= 61}}
In 2014, the historian and diplomat Ricardo Scavone Yegros made a compilation of Decoud’s works and published them together with a critical study.
===Death===
Disillusioned with the direction of post-war Paraguayan politics, Decoud committed suicide in 1909, leaving a letter to his wife
{{Blockquote|text=The citizens of classical antiquity preferred death to a sterile life cut short by the low passions of men. I have thus conceived the idea of an immolation, as a personal sacrifice before the sacred area of the Homeland. Hopefully this holocaust closes the list of those who, having given their whole lives, also succumb offering their own death! Let the dead bury their dead!}}
His suicide letter to his wife can be read in
==References==
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* {{cite book|last=Centurión|first=Carlos R.|year=1947|title=Historia de las letras paraguayas|publisher=Ayacucho}}
* {{cite book|last=Decoud|first=Hector F.|year=1925|title=Una década de vida nacional|publisher=H. Kraus|isbn=978-9-995-30859-9}}
* {{cite journal|last=Doratioto|first=Francisco|year=2005|title=Guerra e regeneração: três estudos sobre o Paraguai|volume=9|issue=2|journal=Diálogos|publisher=Universidade Católica de Brasília|doi=10.4025/dialogos.v9i2.157 |url=https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/Dialogos/article/view/41398/21714|language=pt|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite book|last=Esteves|first=Gomes F.|year=1983|title=Historia contemporánea del Paraguay (1869-1920)|publisher=NAPA|isbn=978-9-992-55043-4}}
* {{cite book|title=Catálogo de la Biblioteca Paraguaya "Solano López"|year= 1906|publisher=H. Kraus|isbn=978-0-274-43730-6}}
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