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'''Kalpana Chawla''' (March 17, 1962 – February 1, 2003) was an American astronaut, [[engineer]], and the first woman of [[Indian people|Indian]] origin to go to space.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indo-US astronaut follows Kalpana's footsteps |author=Salim Rizvi |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6169111.stm |publisher=BBC |date=December 11, 2006 |location=New York |access-date=November 20, 2012 |quote=Almost four years after the death of the first American astronaut Kalpana Chawla in the Columbia space shuttle disaster, Nasa has sent another woman of Indian origin into space.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kalpana Chawla: Biography & Columbia Disaster |author=Nola Taylor Redd |url=http://www.space.com/17056-kalpana-chawla-biography.html |newspaper=Space.com |publisher=Tech Media Network |accessdate=November 20, 2012}}</ref> She first flew on [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary [[robotic arm]] operator. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members who died in the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster]] when the spacecraft disintegrated during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28436243|title= Kalpana Chawla|accessdate=2012-05-24}}</ref> Chawla was posthumously awarded the [[Congressional Space Medal of Honor]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/chawla.html|title=Astronaut Bio: Kalpana Chawla 5/04|website=www.jsc.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-01-05}}</ref> and several streets, universities and institutions have been named in her honor.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> She is regarded as a national hero in India.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Phillips|first=Leah|date=2017-05-24|title=Impossible Journey: The Liminality of Female Heroes|journal=Round Table|volume=1|issue=1|pages=7|doi=10.24877/rt.13|issn=2514-2070|doi-access=free}}</ref>
olden days
Chawla was born on March 17, 1962, in [[Karnal]], Haryana, India, but her official date of birth was altered to July 1, 1961, to allow her to become eligible for the matriculation exam.<ref name="Salwi, 2004">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/feb/20spec.htm |title=Did you know Kalpana was called Monto? |last=Salwi |first=Dilip M |date=20 February 2004 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170820195308/http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/feb/20spec.htm |archive-date=August 20, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref> As a child, Kalpana was fascinated by aeroplanes and flying.<ref>http://harrisonpublishing.net/pdf/book/kalpana_book.1.1.pdf</ref> She went to local flying clubs and watched planes with her father.<ref name=":02"
In 1976, Chawla graduated from the Tagore School, where she was a high-performing student.<ref name="Chawla, Kalpana">{{Cite book|title=Chawla, Kalpana|date=April 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=American National Biography Online|doi = 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.6028448}}</ref> After getting a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Aeronautical Engineering from [[Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh|Punjab Engineering College]], India, she moved to the United States in 1982 and obtained a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the [[University of Texas at Arlington]] in 1984.<ref>{{Citation | last = Chawla | first = Kalpana | title = MS Thesis Optimization of cross flow fan housing for airplane wing. installation | publisher = University of Texas at Arlington |page=97 | date = 1984 }}</ref> Chawla went on to earn a second Masters in 1986 and a [[PhD]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Chawla |first=Kalpana |title=PhD Thesis Computation of dynamics and control of unsteady vortical flows |publisher=University of Colorado at Boulder |page=147 |date=1988}}</ref> in aerospace engineering in 1988 from the [[University of Colorado Boulder]].
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