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| image_map1 = Kasaoka in Okayama Prefecture Ja.svg
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| map_caption = Location of Kasaoka in
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku]] ([[San'yō region|San'yō]])
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Okayama Prefecture|Okayama]]
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| blank_name_sec1 = City hall address
| blank_info_sec1 = 1-1 Chūō, Kasaoka-shi, Okayama-ken
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| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
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[[File:Kasaoka city hall.JPG|thumb|Kasaoka City Hall]]
[[File:Tsukanomaruyama01.JPG|thumb|Kasaoka Islands]]
[[File:Kasaoka city center area Aerial photograph.2007.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Kasaoka city center]]
[[File:Kasaoka City Horseshoe Crab Museum - Apr 12, 2007.jpg|thumb|Kasaoka City Horseshoe Crab Museum]]
{{nihongo|'''Kasaoka'''|笠岡市|Kasaoka-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Okayama Prefecture]], [[Japan]].
==Geography==
Kasaoka is in the far southwestern corner of Okayama Prefecture, bordered by the Seto Inland Sea to the south and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west. It is mostly hilly and mountainous in the north, and consists of flat [[land reclamation|reclaimed land]] in the south. Urbanization is very diffuse, with the main urban concentration at the former port town of Kasaoka, with numerous hamlets scattered widely in narrow valley-shaped plains mostly in the central and northern areas. The [[tidal flat]]s in the south are noted for endangered [[horseshoe crab]]s and the sea area between Kōnoshima and Nishi-Oshima has been designated as a national Natural Monument.
===Adjoining municipalities===
[[Hiroshima Prefecture]]
*[[Fukuyama, Hiroshima|Fukuyama]]
[[Okayama Prefecture]]
*[[Asakuchi, Okayama|Asakuchi]]
*[[Ibara, Okayama|Ibara]]
*[[Satoshō, Okayama|Satoshō]]
*[[Yakage, Okayama|Yakage]]
===Climate===
Kasaoka has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Kasaoka is {{convert|15.7|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1055.1|mm}} with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{convert|28.0|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{convert|4.5|C}}.<ref name=normals/> The highest temperature ever recorded in Kasaoka was {{cvt|38.0|C}} on 5 August 2021; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-7.3|C}} on 27 February 1981.<ref name=extremes/>
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Kasaoka (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1979−present)
|Jan record high C = 16.5
|Feb record high C = 21.7
|Mar record high C = 23.2
|Apr record high C = 28.5
|May record high C = 32.2
|Jun record high C = 34.7
|Jul record high C = 37.4
|Aug record high C = 38.0
|Sep record high C = 37.6
|Oct record high C = 31.9
|Nov record high C = 24.8
|Dec record high C = 20.0
|Jan record low C = -6.7
|Feb record low C = -7.3
|Mar record low C = -4.2
|Apr record low C = -1.7
|May record low C = 3.6
|Jun record low C = 10.4
|Jul record low C = 15.8
|Aug record low C = 16.7
|Sep record low C = 9.1
|Oct record low C = 2.5
|Nov record low C = -1.3
|Dec record low C = -4.3
|Jan high C = 9.4
|Feb high C = 10.2
|Mar high C = 13.5
|Apr high C = 19.0
|May high C = 23.9
|Jun high C = 27.1
|Jul high C = 31.1
|Aug high C = 32.8
|Sep high C = 28.7
|Oct high C = 23.1
|Nov high C = 17.2
|Dec high C = 11.8
|Jan mean C = 4.5
|Feb mean C = 5.1
|Mar mean C = 8.3
|Apr mean C = 13.6
|May mean C = 18.6
|Jun mean C = 22.6
|Jul mean C = 26.7
|Aug mean C = 28.0
|Sep mean C = 24.1
|Oct mean C = 18.0
|Nov mean C = 12.0
|Dec mean C = 6.7
|Jan low C = 0.0
|Feb low C = 0.3
|Mar low C = 3.1
|Apr low C = 8.2
|May low C = 13.5
|Jun low C = 18.7
|Jul low C = 23.2
|Aug low C = 24.2
|Sep low C = 20.1
|Oct low C = 13.5
|Nov low C = 7.3
|Dec low C = 2.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 33.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 41.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 76.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 81.2
|May precipitation mm = 102.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 160.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 172.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 80.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 129.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 87.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 50.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 39.6
|year precipitation mm = 1055.1
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 4.7
|Feb precipitation days = 6.5
|Mar precipitation days = 8.7
|Apr precipitation days = 8.5
|May precipitation days = 8.7
|Jun precipitation days = 10.5
|Jul precipitation days = 9.4
|Aug precipitation days = 6.9
|Sep precipitation days = 8.3
|Oct precipitation days = 6.9
|Nov precipitation days = 5.8
|Dec precipitation days = 5.6
|Jan sun = 150.1
|Feb sun = 146.3
|Mar sun = 181.8
|Apr sun = 196.9
|May sun = 212.0
|Jun sun = 162.3
|Jul sun = 194.1
|Aug sun = 224.5
|Sep sun = 167.8
|Oct sun = 172.1
|Nov sun = 152.5
|Dec sun = 150.1
|year sun = 2110.5
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref name=extremes>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=66&block_no=0919&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = May 2, 2022}}</ref><ref name=normals>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=66&block_no=0919&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = May 2, 2022}}</ref>}}
===Demographics===
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kasaoka in 2020 is 46,088 people.<ref name=zensus/> Kasaoka has been conducting censuses since 1950.
{{Historical populations
| 1950 | 75372
| 1955 | 73552
| 1960 | 68987
| 1965 | 63778
| 1970 | 62405
| 1975 | 63413
| 1980 | 61917
| 1985 | 60598
| 1990 | 59619
| 1995 | 60478
| 2000 | 59300
| 2005 | 57272
| 2010 | 54256
| 2015 | 50568
| 2020 | 46088
|align = none
|footnote = Kasaoka population statistics<ref name=zensus>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/okayama/ Kasaoka population statistics]</ref>
}}
== History ==
The Kasaoka area is part of ancient [[Bitchū Province]] and numerous [[midden|shell midden]]s from the [[Jōmon period]] confirm that the area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The place name 'Kasaoka' is said to have been derived from the area of influence of the 'Kasaomi clan' of the ancient [[Kingdom of Kibi]]. Kasaoka Castle, was built by Murakami Takashige at the end of the [[Muromachi period]] and was controlled by the [[Mōri clan]] during the [[Sengoku period]]. Under the [[Edo Period]] [[Tokugawa shogunate]], the area became part of the territory of the [[Mizuno clan]] of [[Fukuyama Domain]]. The Mizuno invested vast sums of money in [[civil engineering]] projects to promote the development of new rice fields in Kasaoka, which originally had little flat land. However, the domain fell to attainder in the middle of the Edo period, and the Kasaoka area was ruled as ''[[tenryō]]'' territory about 170 years until the end of the Edo period.
Following the [[Meiji restoration]], the village of Kasaoka was established within [[Oda District, Okayama]] with the creation of the modern municipalities system on June 1, 1889. It was raised to town status on October 23, 1891 and to city status on April 1, 1952. Due to its strong historical, cultural and economic ties with Fukuyama, proposals have been made for a merger between the two municipalities.
==Government==
Kasaoka has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 17 members. Kasaoka contributes two members to the Okayama Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Okayama 3rd district of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].
==Economy==
Kasaoka is located in the Seto Inland Sea Industrial Belt and together with neighboring Fukuyama was designated in 1964 as the "Bingo District Special Industrial Development Area". The city has a high concentration of heavy industry, notably related to [[JFE Steel]], a major producer of crude steel in Japan. Agriculture, food processing are also major contributors to the local economy, although the traditional industries stone quarrying and production of [[pyrethrum]] are in decline due to competition from foreign sources. The city is also increasing a [[commuter town]] for neighboring Fukuyama and Kurashiki.
==Education==
Kasaoka has 18 public elementary schools and nine public junior high schools operated by the city government and one private junior high school. The city has four public high schools operated by the Okayama prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the disabled.
== Transportation ==
=== Railway ===
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] (JR West) - [[San'yō Main Line]]
* {{STN|Kasaoka}}
=== Highways ===
* [[File:JP Expressway E2.svg|25px|link=|alt=]] [[San'yō Expressway]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|2}}
==Sister cities==
Kasaoka is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=友好握手都市＜コタバル市（マレーシア）／モービィロンガコミューン（スウェーデン）＞|url=http://www.city.kasaoka.okayama.jp/soshiki/2/kokusaikouryuu21.html|publisher=Kasaoka City Official Website|access-date=7 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221052530/http://www.city.kasaoka.okayama.jp/soshiki/2/kokusaikouryuu21.html|archive-date=21 December 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Goseong County, South Gyeongsang|Goseong County]], South Korea
* {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kota Bharu]], [[Kelantan]], Malaysia
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Mörbylånga]], Sweden
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Ōda, Shimane]], Japan
==Landmarks and local cultural facilities==
* Kasaoka is the location of a protected [[horseshoe crab]] breeding habitat and the city features a Horseshoe Crab Museum.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kasaoka Municipal Horseshoe Crab Museum|url=https://www.kasaoka-kankou.jp/en/spot/201.html|website=Kasaoka Tourism Foundation|access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref>
* Chikkyo Art Museum
*[[Tsukumo Shell Mound]], National Historic Site
* In culinary terms, Kasaoka city is known for its abundance of sea food and a local specialty of chicken based ramen.
==Crime and safety==
The [[Asano-gumi]] [[yakuza]] syndicate is based in Kasaoka. The Asano-gumi is the only [[Yakuza#Designated bōryokudan|designated yakuza group]] based in Okayama Prefecture.<ref name="PWP2010">[http://www.npa.go.jp/hakusyo/h22/honbun/pdf/22p02000.pdf "2010 Police White Paper Chapter 2 : Furtherance of Organized Crime Countermeasures"], 2010, ''[[National Police Agency (Japan)|National Police Agency]]'' {{in lang|ja}}</ref>
==References==
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== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.city.kasaoka.okayama.jp Kasaoka City official website] {{in lang|ja}}
{{Okayama}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities in Okayama Prefecture]]
[[Category:Kasaoka, Okayama]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]
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