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'''Katanga''' was one of the four large provinces created in the [[Belgian Congo]] in 1914.
It was one of the eleven [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the [[Tanganyika Province|Tanganyika]], [[Haut-Lomami]], [[Lualaba Province|Lualaba]], and [[Haut-Katanga]] provinces. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] when Congo was known as [[Zaïre]]), its official name was '''Shaba Province'''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katanga-province-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo |title=Katanga {{!}} province, Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2018-02-26 |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227100238/https://www.britannica.com/place/Katanga-province-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo |url-status=live }}</ref>
Katanga's area encompassed {{convert|497000|km2|sqmi}}. Farming and ranching are carried out on the [[Katanga Plateau]]. The eastern part of the province is considered to be a rich mining region, which supplies [[cobalt]], [[copper]], [[tin]], [[radium]], [[uranium]], and [[diamond]]s. The region's former capital, [[Lubumbashi]], is the second-largest city in the Congo.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdBtBgAAQBAJ&q=The+region%27s+former+capital%2C+Lubumbashi%2C+is+the+second+largest+city+in+the+Congo&pg=PA143 |title=China and Africa Love Affair |last=George |first=Mr Francis Stevens |date=2014-02-06 |publisher=Francis Stevens George |isbn=9781494998516 |language=en |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923024242/https://books.google.com/books?id=QdBtBgAAQBAJ&q=The+region%27s+former+capital%2C+Lubumbashi%2C+is+the+second+largest+city+in+the+Congo&pg=PA143 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-cities-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo.html |title=Biggest Cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=WorldAtlas |access-date=2018-02-26 |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227051049/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-cities-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
==History==
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[[Image:Shinkolobwe.jpg|thumb|Mine de Shinkolobwe. The uranium for the [[Manhattan Project]] and the [[Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] came from [[Shinkolobwe]] mine.]]
In 1960, after the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then called Republic of the Congo) gained independence from Belgium, the UMHK, [[Moise Tshombe]] and [[Godefroid Munongo]] supported the [[secession]] of Katanga province from the Congo. This was supported by Belgium but opposed by the Congolese Prime Minister [[Patrice Lumumba]]. This led to the assassination of Lumumba and the [[Katanga Crisis]] (or "Congo Crisis"), which lasted from 1960 to 1965. The breakaway [[State of Katanga]] existed from 1960 to 1963.<ref name="Jullien2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23422038 |title=Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede |first=Maud |last=Jullien |date=2013-08-12 |work=BBC Africa |access-date=2019-01-16 |language=en-GB |archive-date=8 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108050148/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23422038 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2005, the new constitution specified that Katanga was to be split up into separately administered provinces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo#Article_2 |title=Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo: Article 2 |publisher=[[Wikisource]] |access-date=24 May 2016 |archive-date=25 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025124200/http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo#Article_2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Militias such as [[Mai Mai Kata Katanga]] led by [[Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga]] fought for Katanga to secede, and his group briefly took over the provincial capital [[Lubumbashi]] in 2013.<ref name="Jullien2013"/>
In 2015, Katanga Province was split into the constitutional provinces of [[Tanganyika Province|Tanganyika]], [[Haut-Lomami]], [[Lualaba Province|Lualaba]], and [[Haut-Katanga]].<ref>[http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?p=4551 The National Assembly adopts the laws regarding the limits of the provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127065041/http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?p=4551 |date=27 January 2015 }}, [[National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]], 10 January 2015. {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref>[http://www.radiookapi.net/2016/03/27/actualite/politique/election-des-gouverneurs-les-resultats-definitifs-attendus-le-18 Election of governors: definite results expected on 18 April] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328191445/http://www.radiookapi.net/2016/03/27/actualite/politique/election-des-gouverneurs-les-resultats-definitifs-attendus-le-18 |date=28 March 2016 }}, [[Radio Okapi]], 27 March 2016. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
==Economy==
Copper mining is an important part of the economy of Katanga province.<ref name="congo-pages">{{cite web |url=http://www.congo-pages.org/katart/copper.htm |title=COPPER |publisher=congo-pages.org |access-date=23 October 2015 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223502/http://www.congo-pages.org/katart/copper.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Cobalt mining by individual contractors is also prevalent. A number of reasons have been advanced for the failure of the vast mineral wealth of the province to increase the overall [[standard of living]]. The local provincial budget was US$440 million in 2011.<ref name=RadioOpaki>{{cite news |url=http://radiookapi.net/economie/2010/09/21/katanga-le-budget-2011-s%E2%80%99eleve-a-396-milliards-de-francs-congolais |date=21 September 2010 |title=Katanga: le budget 2011 s'élève à 396 milliards de Francs congolais |publisher=Radio Okapi |url-status= dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723234325/http://radiookapi.net/economie/2010/09/21/katanga-le-budget-2011-s%E2%80%99eleve-a-396-milliards-de-francs-congolais/ |archive-date=23 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=NISA2006>{{cite report |url=http://friendsofthecongo.org/pdf/fataltransactions.pdf |title=The State vs. the People: Governance, mining and the transitional regime in the Democratic Republic of Congo |publisher=Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa |location=Amsterdam |date=2006 |isbn=90-78028-04-1 |access-date=25 March 2013 |archive-date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508203634/http://friendsofthecongo.org/pdf/fataltransactions.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Mining==
{{Main|Copper mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
[[Lubumbashi]], the mining capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, is a hub for many of the country's biggest mining companies. The Democratic Republic of Congo produces "more than 3 percent of the world’s copper and half its [[cobalt]], most of which comes from Katanga".<ref name=BloombergKavanagh>{{cite news |title=Congolese Militia Seizes UN Compound in Katanga's Lubumbashi |first=Michael J. |last=Kavanagh |date=23 March 2013 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-23/congolese-militia-seizes-un-compound-in-katanga-s-lubumbashi.html |access-date=23 March 2013 |archive-date=25 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325235457/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-23/congolese-militia-seizes-un-compound-in-katanga-s-lubumbashi.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Major mining concessions include [[Tilwezembe]] and [[Kalukundi]].
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==Geography==
[[File:Katanga Hills.jpg|thumb|Hills of Katanga]]
The province bordered Angola and formed the entire Congolese border with Zambia. It also bordered Tanzania – although on [[Lake Tanganyika]] rather than on land. Katanga has a wet and dry season. Rainfall is about {{convert|49|in|mm|order=flip|abbr=on}}.<ref>
The province was divided in 2015 into five successor provinces, based on the districts of Katanga at that time:
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TESOL, the English Language School of Lubumbashi, is a secondary school that serves the expatriate community. It was founded in 1987 on the grounds of the French School, Lycée Français Blaise Pascal, which suspended operations in 1991 with a new French School starting in 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070426161451/http://web.mac.com/hoovmoss/iWeb/TESOL/Home.html English-speaking School of Lubumbashi (TESOL)], page from 2007, [[Internet Archive]], Accessed 3 March 2013.</ref>
Katanga province has the highest rate of [[infant mortality]] in the world, with 184 of 1000 babies born expected to die before the age of five.<ref name='BBC'>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17769472 |title=DR Congo eyes a greater share of its mineral riches |work=[[BBC News Online]] |access-date=22 April 2012 |date=22 April 2012 |archive-date=25 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425022438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17769472 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Katanga provincial parliament building.jpg|thumb|Provincial assembly building of Katanga in [[Lubumbashi]]]]
==Transportation==
The [[Société nationale des Chemins de fer du Congo|Congo Railway]] provides Katanga Province with limited railway service centered on [[Lubumbashi]]. Reliability is limited. [[Lubumbashi International Airport]] is located northeast of Lubumbashi. In April 2014, a [[2014 Katanga train derailment|train derailment]] killed 63 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/dozens-killed-dr-congo-train-crash-2014423153141961150.html |title=Scores killed in DR Congo train crash |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=23 April 2014 |access-date=23 April 2014 |archive-date=17 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817024810/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/dozens-killed-dr-congo-train-crash-2014423153141961150.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== People ==
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