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{{Short description|Title of Princes of Galicia and Volhynia}}
{{Infobox former monarchy
| royal_title = King
| realm = Ruthenia
| native_name = {{lang|la|Rex Rusiae}}
| coatofarms = Alex_K_Halych-Volhynia.svg
| coatofarmssize = 170
| coatofarmscaption = ''' Coat of arms of the [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]]'''
| image = Daniel_of_Galicia-Volhynia.jpg
| caption = '''Daniel of Galicia'''
| first_monarch = [[Daniel of Galicia]]
| last_monarch = [[Casimir III the Great]]
| residence = [[Chelm|Kholm]] (1253-1271)
[[Lviv]] (1271-1349)
| appointer = Hereditary
| began = 1253
| ended = 1370
}}
{{History of Ukraine}}
'''King of Ruthenia''', '''King of Rus'''', '''King of Galicia and Lodomeria''', '''Lord and Heir of Ruthenian Lands''' ([[Latin]]: ''Rex Rusiae'', ''Rex Ruthenorum'', ''Rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae'', ''Terrae Russiae Dominus et Heres''; {{Langx|uk|Король Русі, король Галичини і Володимирії, князь і володар Всієї Землі Руської|translit=Korol Rusi, korol Halychyny i Volodymyrii, kniaz i volodar Vsiiei Zemli Ruskoi}}) was a title of [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia|princes of Galicia and Volhynia]], granted by the Pope.
The title was initially issued to the ruling [[Izyaslavichi
== Title ==
== List of kings of Ruthenia ==▼
{{See also|Names of Rusʹ, Russia and Ruthenia}}
In the 13th–14th centuries, many of southwestern Rus' principalities were united under the power of the [[Kingdom of Rus']] ({{langx|la|Regnum Rusiae}}), historiographically better known as the [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]]. [[Roman the Great]] was variously named ''dux Rutenorum'', ''princeps Ruthenorum'' or ''rex Ruthenorum'' by Polish chroniclers.{{sfn|Voloshchuk|2021|p=64}} [[Danylo of Galicia]] was crowned ''Rex Ruthenorum'' or "king of the Rus'" in 1253.<ref>Serhii Plokhy, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pm-QDQAAQBAJ The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210023002/https://books.google.com/books?id=pm-QDQAAQBAJ |date=10 February 2023 }}'' (2017), p. 84.</ref> Alternatively, Danylo and his brother [[Vasylko Romanovych]] were styled ''Princeps Galiciae'', ''Rex Russiae'', and ''Rex Lodomeriae'' in [[Papal States|Papal]] documents, while the population of Halych and Volhynia was called ''Rusciae christiani'' and ''populus Russiae'' amongst other names.{{sfn|Voloshchuk|2021|p=65}} The ''[[Gesta Hungarorum]]'' ({{circa}} 1280) stated that the Carpathian mountains between Hungary and Halych were situated ''in finibus Ruthenie'' ("on the borders of Ruthenia").{{sfn|Voloshchuk|2021|p=65}}
Galicia–Volhynia declined by mid-14th century due to the [[Galicia–Volhynia Wars]] after the poisoning of king [[Yuri II Boleslav]] by local Ruthenian nobles in 1340. ''Iohannes Victiensis Liber'' (page 218) records the death of Boleslav as ''Hoc anno rex Ruthenorum moritur (...)'' ("In that year the king of the Ruthenians died (...)").<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kersken |authorlink1= |date=2021 |title=Germans and Poles in the Middle Ages: The Perception of the 'Other' and the Presence of Mutual Ethnic Stereotypes in Medieval Narrative Sources |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnI-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210 |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |page=210 |isbn=9789004466555 |access-date=13 February 2023 |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213070635/https://books.google.com/books?id=rnI-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Kings of Kievan Ruthenia ===▼
▲== List of kings of Ruthenia ==
=== Kings of
* [[
* [[Danylo of Halych|Danylo I of Halych]], king of Rus' (1253–1264).
* [[Lev I of Galicia|Lev I of Halych]], king of * [[Yuri I of Galicia|Yuri I of Halych]], prince of Halych-Volhynia (1301–1308)
* [[Andrew of Halych|Andrew
* [[
* [[Dmytro Dedko]], Lord of
* [[Liubartas]], married Euphemia (Hanna-Buch), co-ruler of Volhynia (1323–1366), prince of eastern Volhynia (1366–1384) Euphemia was Andrew's and Leo's sister
* [[Casimir III the Great]], King of Poland (1333–1370), Lord of
After the death of [[Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia|Boleslav-Yuri II of Halych]], [[Galicia–Volhynia Wars]] ensued which resulted in Galicia gradually being annexed by the [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Kingdom of Poland]], between 1349 and 1366, during the reign of [[Casimir III of Poland]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150308004846/http://nobhist.narod.ru/poland.html Titles of European hereditary rulers (Poland)].</ref>
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At the death of [[Casimir III the Great]] all of titulage was passed over to [[Louis I of Hungary]]
=== Kings of
* [[Andrew II of Hungary]], the son of [[Béla III of Hungary]], the first nominal king of Galicia who, as a Hungarian prince, reigned from 1188 to 1190.
* [[Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria]] (Kálmán), the first king of Galicia and Lodomeria, [[Latin|lat.]] ''Rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae'' (1215–1219) and his wife [[Salomea of Poland]], ''Reges Galiciae et Lodomeriae''
* Andrew (András), the younger brother of Coloman, Hungarian prince, king of Galicia and Lodomeria (1219–1221)
* [[Louis I of Hungary]], King of Hungary (1342–1382), King of Poland (1370–1382), incorporated
** [[Władysław Opolczyk|Władysław II Opolczyk]], Silesian prince, Hungarian [[count palatine]],
=== After 1378 ===
In the subsequent years, all [[List of Polish monarchs|Kings of Poland-Lithuania]] styled themselves ''Lord of Rus’ (or Ruthenia)''. Simultaneously, the tsars of Russia adopted from 1547 onwards the title ''Tsar of All-Rus’ ''. The Hungarian kings continued to claim the title of ''King in Halych and Volhynia'', later taken over together with the [[Hungarian Crown]] by the [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman emperors]].
=== After [[Partitions of Poland]] ===
After the [[Partitions of Poland]], the tsars of Russia styled themselves ''[[Emperor of all the Russias]]'', while the [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperors]] (later emperors of Austria and of [[Austria-Hungary]]) used the title of ''[[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|King of Galicia and Lodomeria]]'' drawn from the historical claims of Hungarian Kings to [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia|Halych–Volhynia]] to justify the annexations of territories belonging to [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]], in spite of the fact that the newly established rump puppet [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]] was included in the [[Cisleithania|Austrian]] instead of [[Transleithania|Hungarian]] part of the empire, the true historical claimant of the region.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} Part of Galicia was included in the puppet [[Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918)]] re-established by the Central Powers and ruled by the [[Regency Council (Poland)|Regency Council]]. All these monarchies were abolished upon the end of [[World War I]]. However, the Kingdom of Hungary was formally re-established in 1920 along with its royal titles and styles, and its territory even included at a time the [[Carpathian Ruthenia]], following the breakup of the [[Second Czechoslovak Republic]]. Nevertheless, its throne remained vacant until the ultimate abolition of Hungarian monarchy in 1946.
==
{{Reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rus, King Of}}▼
* {{Cite book |last1=Voloshchuk |first1=Myroslav |authorlink1= |date=2021 |title=Ruthenians (the Rus') in the Kingdom of Hungary (11th to mid-14th Century): Settlement, Property, and Socio-Political Role |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHU_EAAAQBAJ |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |pages=360 |isbn=9789004469709 |access-date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414060833/https://books.google.com/books?id=VHU_EAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
[[Category:Kings of Rus'|*]]▼
[[Category:Heads of state of Ukraine]]▼
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