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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox caste
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| region = [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Madhesh Province|Madhesh]]
| languages = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]]
| religions = [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]]
| image =
| caption =
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The Koeris are found in [[Saran district]] and are also distributed more heterogeneously across [[Munger]], [[Banka, Bihar|Banka]], [[Khagaria]], [[Samastipur]], [[East Champaran]], [[West Champaran]] and [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]] district.<ref name="News18">{{cite web |date=30 January 2021 |title=Bihar: Nitish Kumar is Trying to Consolidate the Luv-Kush-Dhanuk Axis to Expand Social Base |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/nitish-kumar-bihar-kurmi-koeri-electoral-base-3364709.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413103338/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/nitish-kumar-bihar-kurmi-koeri-electoral-base-3364709.html |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=11 April 2021 |website=News18}}</ref> Outside India, the Koeris are distributed among the Bihari diaspora in [[Mauritius]] where they were taken as indentured labourers.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Claveyrolas |first1=Mathieu |title=The 'Land of the Vaish'? Caste Structure and Ideology in Mauritius |journal=[[Archives de sciences sociales des religions]] |date=2013 |pages=191–216 |doi=10.4000/samaj.3886 |doi-access=free }}</ref> They also have a significant population residing in [[Nepal]].
In 1977, the government of Bihar introduced an affirmative action of quota in government jobs and universities which has benefitted the
==Sanskritisation==
[[File:Twee Koeri mannen op een pad in Gorakhpur met gereedschap voor de landbouw Koerees. Low caste tribe, possibly aboriginal. Goruckpoor (titel op object), RP-F-2001-7-1122B-44.jpg|thumb|British era image of two men from Koeri caste describing low caste and possibility of aboriginal origin.]]
Haruka Yanagisawa, Professor Emeritus of the [[University of Tokyo]] mentions in his work that Koeris along with Yadav and Kurmis were classified as upper-middle caste, who were known for their sturdy and hardy nature.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hf-VEAAAQBAJ |last=Yanagisawa|first =H.|title= Indian Economic Growth in Historical Perspective: The Roots of Development|date=23 December 2022 |place=United States|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=9781000803396 |quote= Three upper-middle castes, the Yadav, Koeri and Kurmi (designated OBC), considerably improved their economic position. "These three castes have been the major beneficiaries of the so- called Green Revolution in Bihar.... These sturdy and hardy castes, traditionally engaged in cultivation, have managed to produce more from cultivation than their upper caste counterparts".}}</ref> Koeris have traditionally been classified as a “[[shudra]]“<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Shalendra |title=Development and Democracy in India |date=1999 |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |isbn=9781555878108 |page=157 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4bV4cKpPlIC&pg=PA157 |quote=Upper of forward caste(brahmin thakur bania kayastha), cultivating or middle castes(jat bhumihar tyagi), lower shudra or backward caste(yadav, kurmi, lodh koeri gujar kahar gadaria teli harhai nai kachi others), scheduled castes(chamar pasis dhobi bhangi) |access-date=18 April 2022 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418013913/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4bV4cKpPlIC&pg=PA157 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wlxb0uacnRcC |title=Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India |date=18 June 1993 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=978-0-7656-3176-3 |pages=58 |language=en |quote=But in eastern U.P. and Bihar, marked much more by landlordism and within this the domination of the "twice-born" upper castes (brahmans, bhumihars, and rajputs), even the "shudra" peasant castes (kurmis, koeris, and yadavas) were cruelly subordinated, and there had been little of a broad anticaste movement. |access-date=15 August 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202200227/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wlxb0uacnRcC |url-status=live }}</ref> caste and today Koeris have attempted [[Sanskritisation]]—the attempt by traditionally middle and low castes to rise up the social ladder, often by tracing their origins to mythical characters or following the lifestyle of higher ''[[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]]'', such as following [[vegetarianism]], secluding women, or wearing ''[[Upanayana|Janeu]]'', the sacred thread.<ref name="Jayapalan2001">{{cite book|author=N. Jayapalan|title=Indian society and social institutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AumuJ2jtRZIC&pg=PA428|access-date=17 January 2013|year=2001|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri|isbn=978-81-7156-925-0|page=428}}</ref> The Sanskritising trend in castes of northern India, including that of the Koeris, was inspired by the [[Vaishnavism|vaishnavite]] tradition, as attested by their bid to seek association with avatars of [[Vishnu]]. Author William Pinch wrote:
{{blockquote|"The nineteenth century antecedents of the Kushvaha- kshatriya movement reveal distinct cosmological associations with Shiva and his divine consort, Parvati. Kushvaha-kshatriya identity was espoused by agricultural community well known throughout the Gangetic north for an expertise in vegetable and (to an increasingly limited scale after the turn of twentieth century) poppy cultivation.
Prominent among them were ''Kachhi'' and ''[[Murao people|Murao]]'' agriculturalist of central Uttar Pradesh ,''Kachhvahas'' of western Uttar Pradesh and ''Koiris'' of Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh."<ref>{{cite book |title=Peasants and monks in British India |first=William R. |last=Pinch |publisher=University of California Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-520-20061-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEP-ceGYsnYC&q=peasants+and+monk+in+br&pg=PA92 |page=91,92 |access-date=4 October 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417221352/https://books.google.com/books?id=uEP-ceGYsnYC&q=peasants+and+monk+in+br&pg=PA92 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
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In the households of the cultivator castes like the Koeris, there was no major segregation of family duties based on gender. Here, both male and female members of the family participated in cultivation- related operations, thus paving the way for egalitarianism and a lack of gender-related discrimination and seclusion. The view of the Koeris regarding their women is portrayed through their (Jati) Caste pamphlet, where Koeri women are described as being loyal to their husbands and having all the qualities of a true [[Kshatriya]] woman, who faces the enemy with courage and fights along with her husband rather than being defeated outrightly.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oDeFAAAAIAAJ&q=koeri+women|title=Daughters of the Earth: Women and Land in Uttar Pradesh|first=Smita Tewari|last=Jassal|publisher=Manohar|year=2001|isbn=8173043752|access-date=1 July 2020|page=71,53|archive-date=21 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421095018/https://books.google.com/books?id=oDeFAAAAIAAJ&q=koeri+women|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Kshatriya reform movement in the middle peasant castes which took place during 1890s turned rural Bihar into an arena of conflict. William Pinch claims that castes like the Koeris, the Kurmi, and the Yadav joined the [[British Indian Army]] as soldiers. The ''kshatriyatva''
In the 1980s, in region surrounding [[Rohtas Plateau|Kaimur Plateau]] of [[Rohtas district]], Koeris also operated bandit groups, which were responsible for caste warfare with the members of rival groups. One such group was [[Ramashish Koeri gang]], which operated out of Kaimur hills.<ref>{{cite book|title=In the Mirror of Mandal Social Justice, Caste, Class, and the Individual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XnjaAAAAMAAJ|isbn=9788120203525|year=1992|publisher=Ajanta Publications|author=Hiranmay Karlekar|quote=Five Yadavs , including a woman , were killed by a gang reportedly led by Ramashish Koeri alias Dada . The incident broke a lull in the gang warfare between the Yadavs and Koeris in the Khaimur hills|access-date=27 July 2023|archive-date=29 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829103707/https://books.google.com/books?id=XnjaAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
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