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{{refimprove|date = July 2022}}
A <!--Schwarzschild -->'''kugelblitz''' ({{IPA
[[John Archibald Wheeler]]'s 1955 ''[[Physical Review]]'' paper entitled "[[Geon (physics)|Geons]]" refers to the kugelblitz phenomenon and explores the idea of creating such particles (or [[toy model]]s of particles) from [[spacetime]] curvature.<ref name
A study published in ''[[Physical Review Letters]]'' in 2024 argues that the formation of a kugelblitz is impossible due to dissipative quantum effects like [[vacuum polarization]], which prevent sufficient energy buildup to create an event horizon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Álvarez-Domínguez |first1=Álvaro |last2=Garay |first2=Luis J. |last3=Martín-Martínez |first3=Eduardo |last4=Polo-Gómez |first4=José |date=2024-07-26 |title=No Black Holes from Light |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.041401 |journal=Physical Review Letters |language=en |volume=133 |issue=4 |page=041401 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.041401 |pmid=39121419 |issn=0031-9007|arxiv=2405.02389 |bibcode=2024PhRvL.133d1401A }}</ref> The study concludes that such a phenomenon cannot occur in any realistic scenario within our universe.
The kugelblitz phenomenon has been considered a possible basis for interstellar engines (drives) for future [[black hole starship]]s.<ref>{{YouTube |id=EzZGPCyrpSU |''5 REAL Possibilities for Interstellar Travel''}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Lee|first=J.S. |year=2013 |title=The effect of Hawking Radiation on Fermion re-inflation of a Schwarzschild Kugelblitz |journal=[[Journal of the British Interplanetary Society]] |volume=66 |pages=364–376▼
▲The kugelblitz phenomenon has been considered a possible basis for interstellar engines (drives) for future [[black hole starship]]s.<ref>{{YouTube |id=EzZGPCyrpSU |''5 REAL Possibilities for Interstellar Travel''}}</ref><ref>{{
== In Fiction ==▼
* A kugelblitz is a major plot point in the third season of the American superhero television series [[The Umbrella Academy (TV series)|The Umbrella Academy]].
* A kugelblitz is the home of a major faction in Frederik Pohl's "[[Heechee|Gateway]]" novels.
== See also ==
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