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A <!--Schwarzschild -->'''kugelblitz''' ({{IPA-|de|ˈkuːɡl̩ˌblɪt͡s|lang|De-Kugelblitz.ogg}}) is a [[theoretical physics|theoretical]] astrophysical object predicted by [[general relativity]]. It is a concentration of [[heat]], [[light]] or [[radiation]] so intense that its energy forms an [[event horizon]] and becomes self-trapped. In other words, if enough [[radiation]] is aimed into a region of space, the concentration of energy can warp [[spacetime]] so much that it creates a [[black hole]]. This would be a black hole whose original [[Mass–energy equivalence|mass–energy]] was in the form of [[radiant energy]] rather than matter,;<ref>{{citeCite journal |last=Senovilla |first=J.José M. M. |yeardate=20142015-01-08 |title=Black hole formation by incoming electromagnetic radiation |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/32/1/017001 |journal=[[Classical and Quantum Gravity]] |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=017001 |doi=10.1088/0264-9381/32/1/017001 |volumeissn=32 |issue=1 |pages=0170010264-9381|arxiv=1408.2778 |bibcode=2015CQGra..32a7001S|s2cid=119266727 }}</ref> however, there is currently no uniformly accepted method of distinguishing black holes by origin.
[[John Archibald Wheeler]]'s 1955 ''[[Physical Review]]'' paper entitled "[[Geon (physics)|Geons]]" refers to the kugelblitz phenomenon and explores the idea of creating such particles (or [[toy model]]s of particles) from [[spacetime]] curvature.<ref name="Wheeler1955PhysRev">{{citeCite journal |last=Wheeler |first=J.John A.Archibald |authorlinkauthor-link=John Archibald Wheeler |yeardate=15 January 1955 |title=Geons |url=https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.97.511 |journal=[[Physical Review]] |language=en |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=511–536 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.97.511 |bibcode=1955PhRv...97..511W |volumeissn=97 |issue=2 |pages=511–5360031-899X}}</ref>
A study published in ''[[Physical Review Letters]]'' in early 2024 argues that the formation of a kugelblitz is impossible due to dissipative quantum effects like [[vacuum polarization]], which prevent sufficient energy buildup to create an event horizon.<ref>{{citeCite journal |last1=Álvarez-Domínguez |first1=Álvaro |last2=Garay |first2=Luis J. |last3=Martín-Martínez |first3=Eduardo |last4=Polo-Gómez |first4=José |date=2024-07-26 |title=No Black Holes from Light |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.041401 |journal=Physical Review Letters |language=en |volume=133 |issue=4 |page=041401 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.041401 |pmid=39121419 |issn=0031-9007|arxiv=2405.02389 |bibcode=2024PhRvL.133d1401A }}</ref> The study concludes that such a phenomenon cannot occur in any realistic scenario within our universe.
| last1 = Álvarez-Domínguez
| first1 = Álvaro
| last2 = Garay
| first2 = Luis J.
| last3 = Martín-Martínez
| first3 = Eduardo
| last4 = Polo-Gómez
| first4 = José
| journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]
| doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.041401
|volume=133 |pages=041401|year=2024
| author-link=
| eprint = 2405.02389
| title = No black holes from light
| date = 2024
}}</ref> The study concludes that such a phenomenon cannot occur in any realistic scenario within our universe.
The kugelblitz phenomenon has been considered a possible basis for interstellar engines (drives) for future [[black hole starship]]s.<ref>{{YouTube |id=EzZGPCyrpSU |''5 REAL Possibilities for Interstellar Travel''}}</ref><ref>{{citeCite journal |last=Lee |first=J. S. |yeardate=December 2013 |title=The effectEffect of Hawking RadiationRadation on Fermion reRe-inflationInflation of a SchwarzschildSchwartszchild Kugelblitz |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JBIS...66..364L/abstract |journal=[[Journal of the British Interplanetary Society]] |volume=66 |pages=364–376 |bibcode=2013JBIS...66..364L |issn=0007-084X}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date = July 2022}}
}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date = July 2022}}
