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[[Image:Taraf of Ochi-Albi, 1860, Szatmary.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Lăutari in the 19th century]]
{{Romani people}}
The [[Romanian language|Romanian]] word '''lăutar''' ({{IPA
The term was adopted by members of a professional clan of [[Romani music]]ians in the late 18th century. The term is derived from ''lăută'', the [[Romanian language|Romanian]] word for [[lute]]. ''Lăutari'' usually perform in bands, called [[taraf (musical band)|taraf]].
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The ''lăutari'' existed mainly in the [[Moldova]], [[Muntenia]], [[Oltenia]] and [[Dobruja]] regions of present-day Romania.<ref name="Meseria de lăutar (I)"/> In [[Transylvania]], traditional professional musicians didn't exist until the 19th century.<ref name="Meseria de lăutar (III) — Ardealul și Banatul">{{cite web|url=http://www.rodulpamantului.ro/150--meseria-de-lautar-ardealul-si-banatul.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220084440/http://www.rodulpamantului.ro/150--meseria-de-lautar-ardealul-si-banatul.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 February 2012|title=Meseria de lăutar (III) - Ardealul şi Banatul > Rodul Pamantului|date=20 February 2012|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref> For this reason the ''peasant'' music of Transylvania remained more "pure". A similar situation was in [[Banat]]. Today the Romani ''lăutari'' are also predominant in Transylvania.<ref name="SR - Despre lautarie">{{cite web|url=http://www.divers.ro/opinii_ro?wid=37620&func=viewSubmission&sid=4654|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525065256/http://www.divers.ro/opinii_ro?wid=37620&func=viewSubmission&sid=4654|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 May 2009|title=Opinii - Divers|date=25 May 2009|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref>
As performers, ''lăutari'' are usually loosely organized into a group known as a [[Taraf (musical band)|Taraf]], which often consists largely of the males of an extended family. (There are female ''lăutari'', mostly vocalists, but they are far outnumbered by the men.) Each ''taraf'' is led by a ''[[Prímás|primaș]]'', a primary soloist.
Traditionally, the ''lăutari'' played by ear, but today more and more ''lăutari'' have musical studies and can read notes.<ref name="Lautari cu atestat">{{cite web|url=http://www.click.ro/Special/ei-sunt-primii-lautari-cu-atestat-european|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205180542/http://www.click.ro/Special/ei-sunt-primii-lautari-cu-atestat-european|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 December 2007|title=Click! / Special / Ei sunt primii lautari cu atestat european|date=5 December 2007|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Intoarcerea la radacini">{{cite web|url=http://jurnalul.ro/editie-de-colectie/damian-draghici-21-mai-2007/pasari-calatoare-intoarcerea-la-radacini-292721.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328211425/http://jurnalul.ro/editie-de-colectie/damian-draghici-21-mai-2007/pasari-calatoare-intoarcerea-la-radacini-292721.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2014|title=Păsări călătoare - Intoarcerea la rădăcini|date=28 March 2014|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref>
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==Lăutărească music==
The music of the ''lăutari'' is called ''muzica lăutărească''. There is not a single music style of the ''lăutari'', the music style varies from region to region, the best known being that from southern Romania.<ref name = "SR - Despre lautarie 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.divers.ro/opinii_ro?wid=37620&func=viewSubmission&sid=4654|title=Cu seriozitate despre muzica lautareasca (Seriously about the lautareasca music)|website=Divers.ro|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref> The ''lăutărească'' music is complex and elaborated, with dense harmonies and refined ornamentations, and its execution requires a good technique.<ref name = "SR - Confesiune">{{cite web|url=http://www.observatorcultural.ro/index.html/Confesiune*articleID_10894-articles_details.html?&articleID=10894&printPage=1&setWindowName=shEAPopUpWnd|title=Confesiune - Observator Cultural|website=Observatorcultural.ro|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Lautarii romanilor">{{cite web|url=http://www.divers.ro/actualitate_ro?wid=37455&func=viewSubmission&sid=1534|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214172549/http://www.divers.ro/actualitate_ro?wid=37455&func=viewSubmission&sid=1534|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 February 2012|title=Actualitate - Divers|date=14 February 2012|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref>
The ''lăutari'' drew inspiration from all the musics they had contact with: the pastoral music of [[Romania]], the [[Byzantine music]] played in the church, as well as foreign music, such as [[Turkish people|Turkish]], [[Russia]]n or [[Western Europe]]an.<ref name="History"/><ref name="Barbu Lautaru">{{cite web|url=http://www.romaworld.ro/personalitati/barbu-lautaru.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080701102012/http://www.romaworld.ro/personalitati/barbu-lautaru.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2008|title=Barbu Lautaru - Personalitati|date=1 July 2008|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref><ref name = "Lautarii si compozitiunile lor">{{cite web|url=http://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/L%C4%83utarii_%C5%9Fi_compozi%C5%A3iunile_lor|title=Lăutarii și compozițiunile lor - Wikisource|website=ro.wikisource.org|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref>
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