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{{redirect|8x10|the Indian film|8 x 10 Tasveer}}
[[File:Studijskifotoaparat.JPG|thumb|Old studio camera]]
[[File:Large format camera lens.jpg|right|Lens and mounting of a large format camera|thumb]]
[[File:35mm MF LF Comparison.svg|right|Comparison of 35 mm, medium format, and large format|thumb]]
'''Large format''' photography refers to any imaging format of
The main advantage of a large format, film or digital, is a higher resolution at the same pixel pitch, or the same resolution with larger pixels or grains which allows each pixel to capture more light enabling exceptional low-light capture. A 4×5 inch image (12.903 mm²) has about 15 times the area, and thus
Large format cameras were some of the earliest photographic devices, and before enlargers were common, it was normal to just make 1:1 [[contact print]]s from a 4×5, 5×7, or 8×10-inch negative.
==Formats==
The most common large format is 4×5 inches (10.2x12.7 cm), which was the size
Above 8×10 inches, the formats are often referred to as [[Ultra Large Format]] (ULF) and may be 11×14, 16×20, or 20×24 inches or as large as film, plates, or cameras are available. Many large formats (e.g., 24×24, 36x36, and 48x48 inches) are horizontal cameras designed to make big negatives for contact printing onto press-printing plates.
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The 4×5 inch sheet film format was very convenient for press photography since it allowed for direct [[contact print]]ing on the printing plate, hence it was widely used in [[press camera]]s. This was done well into the 1940s and 1950s, even with the advent of more convenient and compact [[medium format (film)|medium format]] or [[135 film|35 mm]] roll-film cameras which started to appear in the 1930s. The 35 mm and medium format [[single-lens reflex camera|SLR]] which appeared in the mid-1950s were soon adopted by press photographers.
Large format photography is not limited to film; large [[digital camera back]]s are available to fit large format cameras. These are either medium-format digital backs adapted to fit large format cameras (sometimes resulting in cropped images), step and repeat Multishot systems, or [[Digital scan back|scanning backs]] (which scan the image area in the manner of a flat-bed [[Image scanner|scanner]]). Scanning backs can take seconds or even several minutes to capture an image. When using a [[Sinar]] Macroscan unit and 54H data files, over 1 [[gigabyte]] of data is produced.
Large format, both film-based and digital, is still used for many applications, such as landscape photography, advertising photos, fine-art photography, scientific applications and generally for images that will be enlarged to a high magnification while requiring a high level of detail. High quality fine art prints can be made at sizes in the range of 40x50″ from a 4×5″ original, and well beyond that for larger negatives.
In the printing industry, very large fixed cameras were also used to make large films for the preparation of [[Lithography|lithographic]] plates before [[computer to film]] and [[computer to plate]] techniques were introduced. These are generally referred to as a "[[process camera]]" and consist of vertically mounted models for smaller work and horizontal units mounted on rails for very large works such as maps and plans.
===National Park Service documentation programs===
Large format film is also used to create a record of historic
HABS, HAER, and HALS also requires the increased resolution of large format film. A sheet of 5×7″ film has almost twice the resolution of 4×5″ film, and 4×5″ is almost 16 times larger than a 35 mm film image (24×36 mm). This added negative size not only allows for more detail, but the large format [[polyester]] film is also far more durable than [[acetate]] 35 mm stock. HABS, HAER, and HALS require that all submissions to the Library of Congress include the original film (archivally washed) and it must also include contact prints on fiber-based paper; these contacts are the same size as the film being submitted, 4×5″, 5×7″, or 8×10″, and the large size allows people to readily see the prints, while 35 mm contacts would be too small and would require magnification.
==Photographers noted for having used large format==
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* [[Ansel Adams]]
* [[Robert_Adams_(photographer)|Robert Adams]]
* [[Takashi Amano (aquarist)|Takashi Amano]] (8×20" and 11×14")
* [[Eugène Atget]]
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* [[Richard Bryant (photographer)|Richard Bryant]]
* [[Christopher Burkett]]
*[[David Burnett (photojournalist)|David Burnett]]
* [[Edward Burtynsky]]
* [[Clyde Butcher]]
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* [[Anne Collier]]
* [[Linda Connor]]
* [[Thomas Joshua Cooper]]
* [[Gregory Crewdson]]
* [[Rineke Dijkstra]]
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* [[Walker Evans]]
* [[Andreas Feininger]]
* [[Yishay Garbasz]]
* [[Miguel Gómez (photographer)|Miguel Gómez]]
* [[Emmet Gowin]]
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* [[Paolo Roversi]]
* [[Thomas Ruff]]
* [[John Sanderson (photographer)|John Sanderson]] (4x5" and 8x10")
* [[John Sexton (photographer)|John Sexton]]
* [[Stephen Shore]]
* [[Toshio Shibata]]
* [[Julius Shulman]]
* [[Michael A. Smith (photographer)|Michael A. Smith]] (8×10", 8×20" and 18×22")
* [[Alec Soth]]
* [[David Stephenson (photographer)|David Stephenson]]
* [[Joel Sternfeld]]
* [[Ezra Stoller]]
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