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{{Single source|date=March 2017}}
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{{redirect|8x10|the Indian film|8 x 10 Tasveer}}
[[File:Studijskifotoaparat.JPG|thumb|Old studio camera]]
[[File:Large format camera lens.jpg|right|Lens and mounting of a large format camera|thumb]]
[[File:35mm MF LF Comparison.svg|right|Comparison of 35 mm, medium format, and large format|thumb]]
'''Large format''' photography refers to any imaging format of
The main advantage of a large format, film or digital, is a higher resolution at the same pixel pitch, or the same resolution with larger pixels or grains which allows each pixel to capture more light enabling exceptional low-light capture. A 4×5 inch image (12.903 mm²) has about 15 times the area, and thus
Large format cameras were some of the earliest photographic devices, and before enlargers were common, it was normal to just make 1:1 [[contact print]]s from a 4×5, 5×7, or 8×10-inch negative.
==Formats==
The most common large format is 4×5 inches (10.2x12.7 cm), which was the size
Above 8×10 inches, the formats are often referred to as [[Ultra Large Format]] (ULF) and may be 11×14, 16×20, or 20×24 inches or as large as film, plates, or cameras are available. Many large formats (e.g., 24×24, 36x36, and 48x48 inches) are horizontal cameras designed to make big negatives for contact printing onto press-printing plates.
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==Uses==
[[File:Adams The Tetons and the Snake River.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ansel Adams]]'s large format photograph ''The Tetons and the Snake River'' (1942)
[[File:Gregory Crewdson 2.jpg|thumb|Photographer [[Gregory Crewdson]] with a large format camera in 2007]]
The 4×5 inch sheet film format was very convenient for press photography since it allowed for direct [[contact print]]ing on the printing plate, hence it was widely used in [[press camera]]s. This was done well into the 1940s and 1950s, even with the advent of more convenient and compact [[medium format (film)|medium format]] or [[135 film|35 mm]] roll-film cameras which started to appear in the 1930s. The 35 mm and medium format [[single-lens reflex camera|SLR]] which appeared in the mid-1950s were soon adopted by press photographers.
Large format photography is not limited to film; large [[digital camera back]]s are available to fit large format cameras. These are either medium-format digital backs adapted to fit large format cameras (sometimes resulting in cropped images), step and repeat Multishot systems, or [[Digital scan back|scanning backs]] (which scan the image area in the manner of a flat-bed [[Image scanner|scanner]]). Scanning backs can take seconds or even several minutes to capture an image. When using a [[Sinar]] Macroscan unit and 54H data files, over 1 [[gigabyte]] of data is produced.
Large format, both film-based and digital, is still used for many applications, such as landscape photography, advertising photos, fine-art photography, scientific applications and generally for images that will be enlarged to a high magnification while requiring a high level of detail. High quality fine art prints can be made at sizes in the range of
In the printing industry, very large fixed cameras were also used to make large films for the preparation of [[Lithography|lithographic]] plates before [[computer to film]] and [[computer to plate]] techniques were introduced. These are generally referred to as a "[[process camera]]" and consist of vertically mounted models for smaller work and horizontal units mounted on rails for very large works such as maps and plans.
===National Park Service documentation programs===
Large format film is also used to create a record of historic
HABS, HAER, and HALS also requires the increased resolution of large format film. A sheet of
==Photographers noted for having used large format==
{{examplefarm|date=December 2023}}
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{{div col|colwidth=15em|small=yes}}
* [[Ansel Adams]]
* [[Robert_Adams_(photographer)|Robert Adams]]
* [[Takashi Amano (aquarist)|Takashi Amano]] (8×20" and 11×14")
* [[Eugène Atget]]
* [[Richard Avedon]]
* [[Tina Barney]]
* [[Gabriele Basilico]]
* [[Bernd and Hilla Becher]]
* [[Margaret Bourke-White]]
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* [[Richard Bryant (photographer)|Richard Bryant]]
* [[Christopher Burkett]]
*[[David Burnett (photojournalist)|David Burnett]]
* [[Edward Burtynsky]]
* [[Clyde Butcher]]
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* [[Anne Collier]]
* [[Linda Connor]]
* [[Thomas Joshua Cooper]]
* [[Gregory Crewdson]]
* [[Rineke Dijkstra]]
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* [[Walker Evans]]
* [[Andreas Feininger]]
* [[Yishay Garbasz]]
* [[Miguel Gómez (photographer)|Miguel Gómez]]
* [[Emmet Gowin]]
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* [[Milton Halberstadt]]
* [[Charles Harris (photographer)|Charles "Teenie" Harris]]
* [[
* [[Yousuf Karsh]] (8×10")
* [[Seydou Keïta (photographer)|Seydou Keïta]]
* [[Mark Klett]]
* [[Nick Knight (photographer)|Nick Knight]] (8×10")
* [[An-My Lê]] (8×10")
* [[Herman Leonard]]
* [[Sze Tsung Leong]]
* [[O. Winston Link]]
* [[Rodney Lough Jr.]]
* [[Janelle Lynch]] (8x10"
* [[Sally Mann]]
* [[George Masa]]
* [[Louis Mendes]]
* [[Joel Meyerowitz]] (8×10"
* [[Richard Misrach]]
* [[Andrea Modica]] (8x10")
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* [[Paolo Roversi]]
* [[Thomas Ruff]]
* [[John Sanderson (photographer)|John Sanderson]] (4x5" and 8x10")
* [[John Sexton (photographer)|John Sexton]]
* [[Stephen Shore]]
* [[Toshio Shibata]]
* [[Julius Shulman]]
* [[Michael A. Smith (photographer)|Michael A. Smith]] (8×10", 8×20" and 18×22")
* [[Alec Soth]]
* [[David Stephenson (photographer)|David Stephenson]]
* [[Joel Sternfeld]]
* [[Ezra Stoller]]
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==See also==<!-- Please keep entries in alphabetical order & add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]] -->
* [[APUG]]
* [[Reisekamera]] (tailboard view camera)
* [[Wide-format printer]] (In digital printing, the term "large format" is also used as a synonym for "wide format".)
▲*[[Large format lens|Large Format Lens]]
<!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order -->
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