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{{Short description|Intelligent network based lighting control}}
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A '''lighting control system''' is intelligent network-based lighting control that incorporates communication between various system inputs and outputs related to lighting control with the use of one or more central computing devices. Lighting control systems are widely used on both indoor and outdoor lighting of commercial, industrial, and residential spaces. Lighting control systems are sometimes referred to under the term '''smart lighting'''. Lighting control systems serve to provide the right amount of light where and when it is needed.<ref>{{cite book|last=DiLouie|first=Craig|title=Lighting controls handbook|year=2008|publisher=Fairmont Press [u.a.]|location=Lilburn, Ga. [u.a.]|isbn=
Lighting control systems are employed to maximize the [[energy conservation|energy savings]] from the lighting system, satisfy [[building codes]], or comply with [[green building]] and [[energy conservation]] programs. Lighting control systems may include a lighting technology designed for [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency]], convenience and security. This may include high efficiency fixtures and [[ambient intelligence|automated controls]] that make adjustments based on conditions such as occupancy or daylight availability. [[Lighting]] is the deliberate application of light to achieve some aesthetic or practical effect (e.g. illumination of a security breach). It includes [[task lighting]], [[accent lighting]], and general lighting.
==
The term ''lighting controls'' is typically used to indicate stand-alone control of the lighting within a space. This may include [[occupancy sensor]]s, timeclocks, and [[photocells]] that are hard-wired to control fixed groups of lights independently. Adjustment occurs manually at each devices location. The efficiency of and market for residential lighting controls has been characterized by the [[Consortium for Energy Efficiency]].<ref>{{cite web|title=CEE Residential Lighting Controls Market Characterization|url=http://library.cee1.org/content/cee-residential-lighting-controls-market-characterization|publisher=[[Consortium for Energy Efficiency]]|accessdate=2014-08-11}}</ref>
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===Advantages===
The major advantage of a lighting control system over stand-alone lighting controls or conventional manual [[light switch|switch]]ing is the ability to control individual lights or groups of lights from a single [[user interface]] device.
=== Minimizing energy usage ===
Lighting applications represents 19% of the world's energy use and 6% of all [[greenhouse emissions]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JPKGBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|title=Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach|last1=Bahga|first1=Arshdeep|last2=Madisetti|first2=Vijay|date=2014-08-09|publisher=VPT|isbn=978-0-9960255-1-5|pages=50|language=en}}</ref> In the United States, 65 percent of [[energy consumption]] is used by commercial and industrial sectors, and 22 percent of this is used for lighting.
Smart
=== Convenience ===
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==Automated control==
Lighting control systems typically provide the ability to automatically adjust a lighting device's output based on:
* Chronological time (time of day)
* Solar time ([[sunrise]]/[[sunset]])
* [[Occupancy]] using [[occupancy sensor]]s
* [[Daylight]] availability using [[photocell]]s
* [[Alarm]] conditions
* Program logic (combination of events)
===Chronological time===
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===Daylight availability===
Electric lighting energy use can be adjusted by automatically dimming and/or switching electric lights in response to the level of available [[daylighting (architecture)|daylight]]. Reducing the amount of electric lighting used when daylight is available is known as [[daylight harvesting]].
==== Daylight sensing ====
In response to daylighting technology, daylight-linked automated response systems have been developed to further reduce energy consumption.<ref name="Khanna p.476"/><ref>Khanna 2014, pp. 482-484.</ref> These technologies are helpful, but they do have their downfalls. Many times, rapid and frequent switching of the lights on and off can occur, particularly during unstable weather conditions or when daylight levels are changing around the switching illuminance. Not only does this disturb occupants, it can also reduce lamp life. A variation of this technology is the 'differential switching' or 'dead-band' photoelectric control which has multiple illuminances it switches from to reduce occupants being disturbed.<ref>
===Alarm conditions===
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===Use of sensors===
In the paper "Energy savings due to occupancy [[sensor]]s and personal controls: a pilot field study", Galasiu, A.D. and Newsham, G.R have confirmed that automatic lighting systems including occupancy sensors and individual (personal) controls are suitable for open-plan office environments and can save a significant amount of energy (about 32
==== Components ====
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Examples for digital lighting control systems are:
* [[Digital Addressable Lighting Interface|DALI]] based system.
* [[Digital Serial Interface|DSI]] based system
* [[KNX (standard)|KNX]] based systems
Those are all wired lighting control systems.
There are also [[wireless]] lighting control systems that are based on some standard protocols like [[MIDI]], [[
Other notable protocols, standards and systems include:
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===Information transmitting with smart light===
Schubert predicts that revolutionary lighting systems will provide an entirely new means of sensing and broadcasting information. By blinking far too rapidly for any human to notice, the light will pick up data from sensors and carry it from room to room, reporting such information as the location of every person within a high-security building. A major focus of the Future Chips Constellation is smart lighting, a revolutionary new field in photonics based on efficient light sources that are fully tunable in terms of such factors as spectral content, emission pattern, polarization, color temperature, and intensity. Schubert, who leads the group, says smart lighting will not only offer better, more efficient illumination; it will provide
==Theatrical lighting control==
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The benefit of architectural lighting control systems in the theater is the ability for theater staff to turn worklights and house lights on and off without having to use a [[lighting control console]]. Alternately, the light designer can control these same lights with light [[cue (theatrical)|cues]] from the lighting control console so that, for instance, the transition from houselights being up before a show starts and the first light cue of the show is controlled by one system.
== Smart-lighting emergency ballast for fluorescent lamps<ref name="ReferenceB">J. M. Alonso, J. Diaz,
The function of a traditional emergency lighting system is the supply of a minimum illuminating level when a line voltage failure appears. Therefore, emergency lighting systems have to store energy in a battery module to supply lamps in case of failure. In this kind of lighting systems the internal damages, for example battery overcharging, damaged lamps and starting circuit failure must be detected and repaired by specialist workers.
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==Advances in photonics==
The advances achieved in [[photonics]] are already transforming society just as electronics revolutionized the world in recent decades and it will continue to contribute more in the future. From the statistics, North
==Notable inventors==
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