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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Taxobox
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Paleogene|Recent}} (Molecular clock)
| image = Maclura pomifera2.jpg
| image_caption = Osage-orange''[[Maclura pomifera|M. pomifera]]'' foliage and fruit▼
| image_width = 250px
| genustaxon = '''''Maclura'''''▼
▲| image_caption = Osage-orange foliage and fruit
| genus_authorityauthority = [[Thomas Nuttall|Nutt.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7108 |title=''Maclura'' Nutt. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=2009-01-16 |accessdate=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115032921/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7108 |archive-date=2009-01-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>▼
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Moraceae]]
| tribus = [[Moreae]]
▲| genus = '''''Maclura'''''
▲| genus_authority = [[Thomas Nuttall|Nutt.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7108 |title=''Maclura'' Nutt. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=2009-01-16 |accessdate=2009-03-03}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See13; see text
| subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331741-2 ''Maclura'' Nutt.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 22 April 2024.</ref>
| synonyms =
*''Cardiogyne'' {{small|Bureau (1873)}}
*''Chlorophora'' {{small|Gaudich. (1830)}}
*''Cudrania'' {{small|Trécul (1847), nom. cons.}}
*''Cudranus'' {{small|Miq. (1859), orth. var.}}
*''Fusticus'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}}
*''Ioxylon'' {{small|Raf. (1818)}}
*''× Macludrania'' {{small|André (1905)}}
*''Plecospermum'' {{small|Trécul (1847)}}
*''Sukaminea'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}}
*''Toxylon'' {{small|Raf. (1818)}}
*''Vanieria'' {{small|Lour. (1790)}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo/>
}}
 
'''''Maclura''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]] family, [[Moraceae]]. It includes the inedible [[Maclura pomifera|Osage- orange]], which is used as [[mosquito]] [[Insect repellent|repellent]] and grown throughout the [[United States]] as a [[Hedge|hedging plant]].<ref name="Silvics">{{citeSilvics web|first=J D |urllast=http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/maclura/pomifera.htmBurton |titlevolume=Osage-Orange2 |firstgenus=J DMaclura |lastspecies=Burtonpomifera |workaccessdate=Silvics2009-03-03}}</ref> ofIt Northis Americadioecious, Volumewith 2:male Hardwoodsand female flowers borne on separate plants.<ref>{{cite book|publisherisbn=[[United States9789071236648|title= DepartmentMoraceae of- Agriculture]]Genera other than Ficus|accessdatework=2009-03-03Flora Malesiana|series=1|volume=17|issue=1|date=2006|pages=1–152|first1=Berg|last1=C.C.|last2=Corner|first2=E.J.H.|last3=Jarrett|first3=F.M.}}</ref>
 
''Maclura'' is closely related to the genus ''[[Cudrania tricuspidata|Cudrania]]'', and hybrids between the two genera have been produced. Some botanists recognize a more broadly defined ''Maclura'' that includes species previously included in ''Cudrania'' and other genera of Moraceae.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} The genus likely originated in South America during the [[Paleogene]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gardner|first1=Elliot M.|last2=Sarraf|first2=Paya|last3=Williams|first3=Evelyn W.|last4=Zerega|first4=Nyree J.C.|date=December 2017|title=Phylogeny and biogeography of Maclura (Moraceae) and the origin of an anachronistic fruit|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=117|pages=49–59|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.021|pmid=28698111|doi-access=free|bibcode=2017MolPE.117...49G }}</ref>
 
== Species ==
13 species are accepted.<ref name = powo/>
* ''[[Maclura africana]]'' ([[Africa]])
* ''[[Maclura brasiliensisafricana]]'' {{small|([[Brazil]],Bureau) [[Honduras]],Corner}} [[Nicaragua]],– [[Peru]],eastern Africa and [[Venezuela]])Madagascar
* ''[[Maclura andamanica]]'' {{small|(King ex Hook.f.) C.C.Berg}} – [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]] to [[Andaman Islands]]
* ''[[Maclura cochinchinensis]]'' (Syn.: ''Cudrania cochinchinensis'', ''Cudrania javanensis'', ''Vanieria cochinchinensis'') ([[China]])▼
* ''[[Maclura brasiliensis]]'' {{small|(Mart.) Endl.}} – [[Brazil]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Peru]], and [[Venezuela]]
* ''[[Maclura fruticosa]]'' (China)
▲* ''[[Maclura cochinchinensis]]'' {{small|(Lour.) Corner}} (Syn.: ''Cudrania cochinchinensis'', ''Cudrania javanensis'', ''Vanieria cochinchinensis'') (– [[China]]), [[Vietnam]], [[Malesia]], and northern [[Australia]]
* ''[[Maclura pomifera]]'' <small>([[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]) [[Camillo Karl Schneider|C.K.Schneid.]]</small> Osage-orange ([[United States]])▼
* ''[[Maclura pubescensfruticosa]]'' {{small|(ChinaRoxb.) Corner}} – China and Vietnam
* ''[[Maclura tinctoriamollis]]'' <{{small>|([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]Fernald) [[DavidCarvajal}} Don|D.Don]]– exMexico [[Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel|Steud.]]</small>(Oaxaca)
* ''[[Maclura tricuspidatamontana]]'' (Syn{{small|Z.P.:Lei, ''CudraniaG.Y.Li tricuspidata'',& ''CudraniaZ.H.Chen}} triloba'')– China (ChinaZhejiang)
* ''[[Maclura orientalis]]'' {{small|G.Y.Li, W.Y.Xie & Z.H.Chen}} – China (Zhejiang)
▲* ''[[Maclura pomifera]]'' {{small|(Raf.) C.K.Schneid.}} <small>([[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]) [[Camillo Karl Schneider|C.K.Schneid.]]</small> &ndash; Osage-orange; ([[United States]])
* ''[[Maclura pubescens]]'' {{small|(Trécul) Z.K.Zhou & M.G.Gilbert}} (Syn.: ''M. cochichinensis var. pubescens'') – China
* ''[[Maclura spinosa]]'' {{small|(Willd.) C.C.Berg}} – India to Sri Lanka
* ''[[Maclura tinctoria]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[David Don|D.Don]] ex [[Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel|Steud.]]</small> – Mexico to northern Argentina
* ''[[Maclura tricuspidata]]'' {{small|Carrière}} (Syn.: ''Cudrania tricuspidata'', ''Cudrania triloba'') – China, Vietnam, and [[Korea]]
 
===Formerly placed here===
Species previously placed in ''Maclura'' include* ''[[Milicia excelsa]]'' syn.(as ''Maclura excelsa''.)
* ''[[Milicia regia]]'' (as ''Maclura regia'')
* ''[[Broussonetia greveana]]'' (as ''Maclura greveana and Maclura humbertii'')
 
==Etymology==
The genus is named in honor of [[William Maclure]] (1763-1840), a Scottish-born American geologist and educational reformer. President of the American Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 22 years. Maclure made major contributions to his field, including the first true [[geological map]] of any part of North America, and was a strong advocate of [[universal education]], especially for women.
 
==Fossil record==
[[Fossil]]s similar to ''Maclura'' have been reported from the Middle [[Eocene]] of [[England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/292995365_fig2_Fig-2-Broussonetia-Maclura-clade-and-its-probable-ancestral-area-Fragment-of-the|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081023/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/292995365_fig2_Fig-2-Broussonetia-Maclura-clade-and-its-probable-ancestral-area-Fragment-of-the|archive-date=11 Feb 2017|access-date=2023-09-26|title=Broussonetia – Maclura clade, and its probable ancestral area… – Figure 2}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
==External links==
[[Category:Maclura| ]]▼
{{commons category-inline|Maclura|''Maclura''}}
{{Wikispecies-inline}}
 
{{Taxonbar|from=Q137091}}
 
{{Moraceae-stub genera}}
 
[[frCategory:Maclura| ]]
▲[[Category:Maclura|Moraceae genera]]
[[Category:Dioecious plants]]
 
{{Moraceae-stub}}
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclura"