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{{Short description|2023 book by Josh Hawley}}
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== Background ==
Josh Hawley is an American politician and lawyer. Hawley released ''Manhood'' while the [[Seniority in the United States Senate|senior]] [[United States Senate|United States senator]] from [[Missouri]]. Hawley previously was the [[List of attorneys general of Missouri|42nd]] [[Missouri Attorney General|attorney general of Missouri]] from 2017 to 2019. Hawley attended Yale Law School, graduating in 2006 with a [[Juris Doctor]] degree.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Education of Josh Hawley|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/01/19/josh-hawley-senator-stanford-history-capitol-insurrection-ambition-460481|date=January 19, 2021|access-date=January 20, 2021|newspaper=[[Politico]]|language=en|last1=Arrieta-Kenna|first1=Uairí|last2=Cadei|first2=Emily|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309022719/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/01/19/josh-hawley-senator-stanford-history-capitol-insurrection-ambition-460481|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Kansas City Star]]'' reported that Hawley's classmates saw him as "politically ambitious and a deeply religious conservative."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article248663695.html |title='Bamboozled.' Hawley mentors stunned by conduct, but early warning signs were there |date=January 24, 2021 |last1=Lowry |first1=Bryan |last2=Shorman |first2=Jonathan |last3=Adler |first3=Eric |website=[[The Kansas City Star]] |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=http://archive.today/2021.01.24-184940/https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article248663695.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hawley has written for the magazine ''[[Christianity Today]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hawley |first=Joshua |title=The Age of Pelagius |magazine=[[Christianity Today]] |date=June 4, 2019 |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2019/june-web-only/age-of-pelagius-joshua-hawley.html |issn=0009-5753 |access-date=August 30, 2024 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308103745/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2019/june-web-only/age-of-pelagius-joshua-hawley.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hawley has previously been described as a [[Christian nationalism|Christian nationalist]] for views he gives in remarks and speeches.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desrochers |first1=Daniel |title=Missouri's Josh Hawley embraced Christian nationalism in speech. What does that mean? |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article289945799.html |work=Kansas City Star |date=July 12, 2024 |access-date=August 28, 2024 |archive-date=August 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813213548/https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article289945799.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rahman |first1=Khaleda |title=Josh Hawley doubles down on Christian nationalism remarks |url=https://www.newsweek.com/josh-hawley-doubles-down-christian-nationalism-remarks-1923103 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=10 July 2024 |language=en |access-date=28 August 2024 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828144940/https://www.newsweek.com/josh-hawley-doubles-down-christian-nationalism-remarks-1923103 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Manhood'' is the third book authored by Hawley and second published by [[Regnery Publishing]], after ''[[The Tyranny of Big Tech]]'', both of which were published during Hawley's time as a senator.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hawley |first1=Joshua D. |title=The Tyranny of Big Tech |date=2021 |publisher=Regnery Publishing |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=9781684512393}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Books Written by Sitting Senators |url=https://www.senate.gov/senators/BooksWrittenbySittingSenators.htm |website=U.S. Senate |access-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828145217/https://www.senate.gov/senators/BooksWrittenbySittingSenators.htm |archive-date=August 28, 2024}}</ref> ''The Tyranny of Big Tech'' was originally supposed to be published by [[Simon & Schuster]] before they dropped the book following Hawley's support of the [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|storming of the United States Capitol]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/books/simon-schuster-josh-hawley-book.html|title=Simon & Schuster Cancels Plans for Senator Hawley's Book|date=January 7, 2021|access-date=January 7, 2021|first=Elizabeth|last=Harris|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-date=January 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109011222/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/books/simon-schuster-josh-hawley-book.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Synopsis ==
Josh Hawley opens ''Manhood: The Masculine Virtues America Needs'' by describing how he became aware of the problems he identifies as facing men and the reasons he suspects to be the root cause of those issues. Hawley says he first identified the alleged problem while he was an associate professor at [[University of Missouri Law School]] and had conversations with male students. In ''Manhood'', Hawley suggests the increased cost of living, unemployment and housing to be the root causes of male unhappiness. Hawley also identifies gender-based discrepancies in male education performance and suggests inaction, or "not trying"<ref group="fn">[[#CITEREFHawley2023|Hawley 2023]], chapt. 1</ref> as both the reason for male under-performance, and the cause of unhappiness. Hawley argues "
In ''Manhood'', Hawley extensively draws on the on the [[Bible]] to develop an idea of manhood. He states that the Bible is the foundation for [[Western culture|Western civilization]] and claims that American politicians are not able to discuss or acknowledge the Bible. He then discusses masculinity through the lens of the Bible,
Hawley dispels the notion of masculinity promoted by the 1999 film ''[[Fight Club]]'' and social media personality [[Andrew Tate]]. He vehemently opposes pornography and likens it to cheap sex. He blames porn consumption, or "usage",<ref group="fn">[[#CITEREFHawley2023|Hawley 2023]], p. 69</ref> as the cause for many problems facing men, and suggests it is an extreme form of [[consumerism]]. Hawley says for men to be happy, they must practice self restraint. In addition to porn, Hawley also blames [[video games]] for modern male loneliness. In ''Manhood'', Hawley attacks the [[American Psychological Association]] and argues that their guidelines discourage traditional male characteristics.<ref group="fn">[[#CITEREFHawley2023|Hawley 2023]], pp. 50, 109–110</ref> Hawley contends that traditionally masculine characteristics are eliminated in boys in what he views as the over diagnosis or over-medication of boys with [[ADHD]].<ref group="fn">[[#CITEREFHawley2023|Hawley 2023]], pp. 109–110</ref>
Hawley describes how he developed his ideals of manhood during his childhood while helping his grandfather, a farmer in Missouri, and combines work with self worth. Hawley says "
== Development ==
[[File:RunJoshRun0106.png|thumb
Hawley had previously discussed how his political philosophy had been shaped by studying [[Theodore Roosevelt]], particularly in regard to religion and masculinity.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desrochers |first1=Daniel |title=The politics of 'Manhood': How Josh Hawley is capitalizing on a crisis among American men |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article273129800.html |date=April 2, 2023 |access-date=August 29, 2024 |archive-date=April 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403044702/https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article273129800.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hawley authored a book in 2007 on Roosevelt.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hawley |first1=Joshua D. |title=Theodore Roosevelt, Preacher of Righteousness |date=2008 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |isbn=9780300120103}}</ref> It was announced in early 2022 that Senator Hawley was writing a book on the topic of manhood.<ref name="Desrochers 2022">{{cite news
Before publication, Regnery Publishing did not widely circulate advance copies of the book, instead limiting to whom they provided early versions. Conservative commentators who received an early copy praised the work. Stephen Lyons, in a pre-publication review for ''[[The Independent]]'', said Hawley had "seminal courage" in writing ''Manhood''
▲[[File:RunJoshRun0106.png|thumb|275px|Video of Hawley running from the Capitol on January 6th was widely discussed before the release of ''Manhood''.]]
▲Before publication, Regnery Publishing did not widely circulate advance copies of the book, instead limiting to whom they provided early versions. Conservative commentators who received an early copy praised the work. Stephen Lyons, in a pre-publication review for ''[[The Independent]]'', said Hawley had "seminal courage" in writing ''Manhood'', and praised he and "alpha male Senator [[Ted Cruz]]" for their role contesting the "[[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|rigged election of President Biden]]."<ref name = "Lyons 2022"/> Other pre-publication reviews expressed disappointment that Hawley did not address his role in the
Promotion of his book coincided with raised scrutiny of Hawley and his role in the insurrection.<ref name="Slisco 2022">{{cite news |last1=Slisco |first1=Aila |title=Josh Hawley Mocked for 'Manhood' Book After Video of Him Fleeing Jan. 6 Mob |url=https://www.newsweek.com/josh-hawley-mocked-manhood-book-after-video-him-fleeing-jan-6-mob-1728960 |work=Newsweek |date=28 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He faced particular scrutiny as a result of the ongoing [[United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack|House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack]]; commentators compared Hawley's previous stances on manhood with video of him fleeing the Capitol.<ref name="Slisco 2022"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Brigham |first1=Bob |title="Didn't he already sell his manhood on Jan 6?": Josh Hawley mocked for titling his book "Manhood" |url=https://www.salon.com/2022/07/29/didnt-he-already-sell-his-manhood-on-jan-6-josh-hawley-mocked-for-titling-his-book-manhood_partner/ |work=Salon |date=29 July 2022 |language=en |access-date=29 August 2024 |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829153648/https://www.salon.com/2022/07/29/didnt-he-already-sell-his-manhood-on-jan-6-josh-hawley-mocked-for-titling-his-book-manhood_partner/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hawley responded to criticism to ''[[CNN]]'' saying "[t]his is just an attempt to troll."<ref name="Desrochers 2022" /> Ursula Perano of ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' said that critics were trying to tank sales of ''Manhood'' prior to its release.<ref name="Perano 2023" />
== Reception ==
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| footer = In ''Manhood'', Hawley critiques a version of masculinity espoused by Andrew Tate, but commentators have likened his politics to Tate's, and compared Hawley's brand of masculinity to that of [[Jordan Peterson]].
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Hawley attempts to separate the ideas he puts forth in ''Manhood'' from those espoused by Andrew Tate.<ref name = "Onion 2023">{{cite news |last1=Onion |first1=Rebecca |title=Man Overboard |url=https://slate.com/culture/2023/05/josh-hawley-manhood-book-republican-senator-wife.html |work=Slate |date=18 May 2023}}</ref> Despite this, political commentators and lawyers such as [[Kate Shaw]], [[Melissa Murray (academic)|Melissa Murray]] and [[Jonathan Van Ness]] likened Hawley and the ideas in ''Manhood'' to Andrew Tate.<ref>{{cite AV media|last1=Shaw|first1=Kate|last2=Murray|first2=Melissa|last3=Van Ness|first3=Jonathan|title=We Read Josh Hawley's Book So You Don't Have To|date=July 15, 2024|publisher=[[Crooked Media]]|work=Strict Scrutiny|url=https://crooked.com/podcast/we-read-josh-hawleys-book-so-you-dont-have-to/}}</ref> Lloyd Geeen of ''[[The Guardian]]'' points out the hypocrisy of dispelling Tate's version of manhood while overlooking the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|Donald Trump ''Access Hollywood'' tape]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Lloyd |title=Manhood review: Josh Hawley, moraliser, neo-Confederate and Tucker Carlson of the US Senate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/may/13/manhood-review-josh-hawley-book-tucker-carlson |work=The Guardian |date=13 May 2023}}</ref> Rebecca Onion, writing for ''[[Slate]]'', compares ''Manhood'' to the style of [[Jordan Peterson]]'s "manliness" often described as just "clean your room" accountability.<ref name = "Onion 2023"/>▼
▲''Manhood'' was listed as a best seller on [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] in the "Men's Christian Living" (Kindle and audiobook formats) and "Political Conservatism & Liberalism" (hardcover) sections.<ref name="Perano 2023" /> Hawley attempts to separate the ideas he puts forth in ''Manhood'' from those espoused by Andrew Tate.<ref name = "Onion 2023">{{cite news |last1=Onion |first1=Rebecca |title=Man Overboard |url=https://slate.com/culture/2023/05/josh-hawley-manhood-book-republican-senator-wife.html |work=Slate |date=18 May 2023 |access-date=21 August 2024 |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821151759/https://slate.com/culture/2023/05/josh-hawley-manhood-book-republican-senator-wife.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite this, political commentators and lawyers such as [[Kate Shaw]], [[Melissa Murray (academic)|Melissa Murray]] and [[Jonathan Van Ness]] likened Hawley and the ideas in ''Manhood'' to Andrew Tate.<ref>{{cite AV media|last1=Shaw|first1=Kate|last2=Murray|first2=Melissa|last3=Van Ness|first3=Jonathan|title=We Read Josh Hawley's Book So You Don't Have To|date=July 15, 2024|publisher=[[Crooked Media]]|work=Strict Scrutiny|url=https://crooked.com/podcast/we-read-josh-hawleys-book-so-you-dont-have-to/}}</ref> Lloyd
[[Becca Rothfeld]], in her review for ''[[The Washington Post]]'', says that Hawley tries to write "a gender rule book" that is in "the awkward position of claiming that masculinity is both unassailable and endangered, both natural enough to be obvious and fragile enough to require defense."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rothfeld |first1=Becca |title=Review {{!}} How to be a man? Josh Hawley has the (incoherent) answers. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2023/05/18/manhood-josh-hawley-review/ |newspaper=Washington Post |date=19 May 2023 |access-date=25 July 2024 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524063816/https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2023/05/18/manhood-josh-hawley-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Soraya Chemaly]], writing for ''[[MSNBC]]'', described ''Manhood'' as "a thorough roadmap to how the senator thinks about his brand of hyperconservative Christian, largely white masculinity and what he perceives as its crisis."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chemaly |first1=Soraya |title=Opinion {{!}} Josh Hawley's horrifically misogynistic book signals a much bigger problem |url=https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/josh-hawley-conservative-white-christian-men-masculinity-rcna93104 |work=MSNBC.com |date=7 July 2023 |language=en |access-date=28 August 2024 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828143448/https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/josh-hawley-conservative-white-christian-men-masculinity-rcna93104 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ginny Hogan, writing for ''[[The Nation]]'', says that while Hawley is correct in identifying there are modern issues facing men, but that he "wildly misses the mark" in identifying those issues<ref name='Hogan23'>{{cite news |last1=Hogan |first1=Ginny |title=Is Josh Hawley All Right? |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/josh-hawley-manhood/ |work=[[The Nation]] |date=29 June 2023 |access-date=25 July 2024 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725192752/https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/josh-hawley-manhood/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and urges that no one should read this book.<ref name='Hogan23'/> [[Lucas Kunce]], a politician vying to run against Hawley in 2024, said to ''The Daily Beast'', "it's strange that Josh is writing a book on a topic he has zero experience with."<ref name="Perano 2023">{{cite news |last1=Perano |first1=Ursula |title=Online Reviewers Are Being Absolutely Brutal About Josh Hawley's 'Manhood' |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/online-reviewers-are-being-absolutely-brutal-about-josh-hawleys-manhood |work=The Daily Beast |date=15 May 2023 |language=en |access-date=21 August 2024 |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821144942/https://www.thedailybeast.com/online-reviewers-are-being-absolutely-brutal-about-josh-hawleys-manhood |url-status=live }}</ref>
== See also ==
* ''[[My Grandfather's Son]]''
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist|group=fn|20em}}
== References ==
{{reflist
[[Category:2023 non-fiction books]]▼
[[Category:American political books]]▼
[[Category:Books by Josh Hawley]]▼
[[Category:Christian literature]]
[[Category:Masculinity]]
[[Category:Regnery Publishing books]]
▲[[Category:Books by Josh Hawley]]
▲[[Category:American political books]]
▲[[Category:2023 non-fiction books]]
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