The Manubaran languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Mount Brown in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
| Manubaran | |
|---|---|
| Mount Brown | |
| Geographic distribution | Mount Brown, southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea: Central Province |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | manu1261 |
Languages
The languages are Doromu and Maria, and are 63% lexically similar.
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[2]
*m *n *p *t *k *ʔ *b *d *g *s [*h] *w *ɾ *j
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[2]
sg pl 1 *na *[o/u]na 2 *ja 3 *ina
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[3]
gloss Proto-Manubaran Proto-Doromu Proto-Maria head *ada *ada *ada hair *weʔia *ue-ta *ueʔa ear *ane-ma *ane-ma *ane-ma eye *ne(u) *ne(-) *ne- nose *uru-ma *uru-ma *uru-ma tooth *gade *gade *gade tongue *afie *afie *ahie leg *[n,y]u-ka *yu-ka *nu-ʔa; *one-ʔa louse *gue *gue *gue dog *auna *auna *auna pig *Dona *dona *tona bird *erena *erena *erena egg *une-ma *une-ma *une-ma blood *tava *tae(k,ʔ)a bone *nena *nena *nena skin *roʔ(o,a) *ro(a) *roʔ(o,a) breast tree *yabo *yabo *yabo man *amie *amie *amie woman *rema *oue sky *gure *gure *gure sun *maida(ka) *meida(ka) *maidaʔa moon *e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?) *eoʔa water *koru *koru *ʔoru fire *ita *ita *ita stone *fore *vaʔiga road, path name *roka *roka *roʔa-ba eat *iri- *iri *iri- one *yokohi *yokoima *yoʔohi two *(ye)(ka)ma[nu] *re-manu *ye-ma
Evolution
Maria reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[4]
- ama ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
- baba(e) ‘father’ < *mbapa
- kuyau ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
- ita(isa) ‘tree’ < *inda
References
- ^ New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
- ^ a b New Guinea World, Mount Brown
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
Further reading
- Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Manubaran. TransNewGuinea.org.
- Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Maria. TransNewGuinea.org.
- Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Doromu. TransNewGuinea.org.
External links
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
- (ibid.) Proto–Mount Brown