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{{Short description|Mexican composer (1882–1948)}}
{{for|the Mexican boxer|Manuel Ponce (boxer)}}
{{More footnotes|date=May 2009}}
[[Image:ManuelPonce.jpg|thumb|Manuel Ponce]]
'''Manuel María Ponce Cuéllar''' (8 December 1882 – 24 April 1948), known in Mexico as Manuel M. Ponce, was a [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[composer]] active in the 20th century. His work as a composer, music educator and scholar of Mexican music connected the concert scene with a mostly forgotten tradition of popular song and Mexican folklore. Many of his compositions are strongly influenced by the harmonies and form of traditional songs.
 
== Biography ==
 
=== Early years ===
Born in [[Fresnillo]], [[Zacatecas]], Manuel Maria Ponce moved with his family to the [[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes(city)|city of Aguascalientes]] only a few weeks after his birth and lived there until he was 15 years old.
 
He was famous for being a musical prodigy; according to his biographers, he was barely four years of age when, after having listened to the piano classes received by his sister, Josefina, he sat in front of the instrument and interpreted one of the pieces that he had heard. Immediately, his parents had him receive classes in piano and musical notation.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}
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=== Years at the National Conservatory ===
[[File:Monumento a Manuel M. Ponce en la Exedra de Aguascalientes 04.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Monument to Manuel M. Ponce at the main square in the city of [[Aguascalientes City|Aguascalientes]], Mexico.]]
[[File:Escultura_homenaje_a_Manuel_M._Ponce_en_la_Plaza_de_la_Patria,_Aguascalientes..JPG|thumb|right|250px|This sculpture is behind the Exedra,
After his years abroad, Ponce returned to Mexico to teach piano and music history at the [[Conservatorio Nacional de Música (Mexico)|National Conservatory of Music]] from 1909 to 1915 and from 1917 to 1922. He spent the intervening years of 1915 to 1917 in [[Havana|Havana, [[Cuba]].▼
the Plaza de la Patria de [[Aguascalientes]], and is similar to the sculpture of the grave of the composer in the Rotunda of Illustrious Men.]]
 
▲After his years abroad, Ponce returned to Mexico to teach piano and music history at the [[Conservatorio Nacional de Música (Mexico)|National Conservatory of Music]] from 1909 to 1915 and from 1917 to 1922. He spent the intervening years of 1915 to 1917 in Havana, [[Cuba]].
 
In 1912 he composed his most famous work "Estrellita" (little star), which is not a normal love song, as is usually thought, but "Nostalgia Viva" (live nostalgia).{{Clarify|date=January 2017}}<!--What's the difference?-->
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He was married to Clementina Maurel, next to whom he died{{clarification needed|date=November 2021}} in [[Mexico City]].
His body was buried in the Roundhouse of the Illustrious Men in the [[Pantheon of Dolores]] in [[Mexico City]]. InA hisprominent honormonument thereto Ponce is afound board of recognition byin the [[state of Aguascalientes]] at themain base of the columnsquare of [[TheAguascalientes ExedraCity|Aguascalientes]], next to the fountain from a spring dedicated to this musical poet, in the city of Aguascalientes where he grew up and first studied music.
 
=== Recordings by Ponce ===
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=== Guitar music ===
 
{{listen|filename=Sylvius Leopold Weiss - ponce - preludio in e major.ogg|title=Preludio in E major|description=Originally attributed to [[Sylvius Leopold Weiss]]. Performed on guitar by Jeff Carter. Courtesy of [http://www.musopen.com Musopen]|format=[[ogg]]}}
 
Ponce's guitar music is a core part of the instrument's repertory, the best-known works being ''Variations and Fugue on 'La Folia' ''(1929) and ''Sonatina meridional'' (1939). He also wrote a guitar concerto ''[[Concierto del sur''Sur]], which is dedicated to his long-time friend and guitar virtuoso [[Andrés Segovia]]. His last known work dedicated to Father Antonio Brambila, ''Variations on a Theme of Cabezón'', was written in 1948, a few months before his death. It is unclear whether the variations are indeed based upon a theme by [[Antonio de Cabezón]] or if the theme was the work of Ponce's teacher, the organist [[Marco Enrico Bossi|Enrico Bossi]]. The following is only a select number of his most significant contributions.
 
*''Scherzino Mexicano'' (1909) (originally written for piano)
*''24 Preludes''
*''Canciones populares mexicanas: La pajarera, Por ti mi corazón, La valentina'' (ca. 1925–1926)
*''Sonata mexicana'' (1923)
*''Thème varié et Finale'' (1926)
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It was Ponce who anonymously created the striking arrangement for guitar of J. S. Bach's Prelude from the first cello suite as performed and recorded by Segovia.
 
Ponce also composed a "Sonata for Guitar and Harpsichord." Segovia ascribed the Sonata's prelude to the [[lutenist/]] and Bach contemporary [[Sylvius Leopold Weiss|S. L. Weiss]]. Segovia recorded this piece both as a solo and as a duet, performed with harpsichordist [[Rafael Puyana]].
Ponce is also, rather famously, the composer of "Suite Antigua in D by Alessandro Scarlatti" recorded by Segovia, for whom it was (knowingly) written, and also in part by John Williams and Manuel Lopez Ramoz amongst others. This deception finally came to light when it was observed that one of the movements went rather higher than was possible on the lute for which it was supposedly composed. The suite is, nevertheless, ravishingly beautiful. Alessandro Scarlatti was apparently chosen as the author because he had a creditable name but was (then) virtually unknown. A better bet than Sylvius Leopold Weiss, the purported composer of an earlier Ponce/Segovia pastiche, who alas turned out to be not, as supposed, unknown, but a friend of J S Bach and the pre-eminent composer of baroque lute works.
 
=== Piano works ===
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*"Adiós mi bien"
*"Aleluya"
*"Alevántate''"
*"Cerca de tí''"
*''Cinco poemas chinos''
*''Cuatro poemas de F.A. de Icaza''
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*Sonata for cello and piano
*Sonata for guitar and harpsichord
*Quartet for guitar and strings
 
=== Orchestral works ===
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==== Concertos ====
*''Concierto Romántico'' for piano and orchestra (1910)
*[[Concierto para piano No. 2]] (1946, incomplete)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://slp.gob.mx/secult/Paginas/agosto%202020/La-OSSLP-recordar%C3%A1-el-estreno-en-la-Ciudad-de-M%C3%A9xico-del-Segundo-Concierto-para-Piano-Manuel-M--Ponce-por-televisi%C3%B3n-abiert.aspx | title=La OSSLP recordará el estreno en la Ciudad de México del Segundo Concierto para Piano Manuel M. Ponce por televisión abierta }}</ref>
*''[[Concierto del sur''Sur]] for guitar and orchestra (1941)
*[[Violin Concerto (Ponce)|Violin Concerto]] (1943)
 
=== Notes about the works ===
An important group of Ponce's works were previously unknown to the public, as self-proclaimed heir Carlos Vázquez, a Mexican piano performer and educator who studied with Ponce, kept most of the original manuscripts in his possession. Most of them were finally donated to the National School of Music ([[UNAM]]) in Mexico City, as an analytic catalogue of his works could still be published.
 
Additionally, Vazquez donated parts of Ponce's belongings to the Manuel M. Ponce Museum in Zacatecas. Unfortunately, Vazquez died a few months before the opening of the museum. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/mexico/northern-central-highlands/zacatecas/attractions/museo-manuel-m-ponce/a/poi-sig/1525937/361582 | title=Museo Manuel M. Ponce &#124; , Mexico &#124; Sights }}</ref>
 
One of Ponce's melodies still heard today in various arrangements is "Estrellita" (1912).
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*[http://www.peermusicclassical.com/composer/composerdetail.cfm?detail=ponce Peermusic Classical: Manuel Ponce] Composer's Publisher and Bio
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070703174710/http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12162005-160048/ Manuel Ponce and the Suite in A minor: Its Historical Significance and an Examination of Existing Editions] (2005) by [http://www.kevinmanderville.net/ Kevin R. Manderville]
*[https://archive.istoday/20121214213428/http://emedia.leeward.hawaii.edu/Frary/ponce_pastiches.htm Ponce's Baroque Pastiches], by Peter Kun Frary, Professor of Music - [[University of Hawaii]]
*{{IMSLP|id=Ponce, Manuel|cname=Manuel Ponce}}
 
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[[Category:Conservatorio Giovanni Battista Martini alumni]]
[[Category:École Normale de Musique de Paris alumni]]
[[Category:People from Fresnillo]]▼
[[Category:Mexican male classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Mexican classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:Composers for the classical guitar]]
[[Category:20th-century Mexican male musicians]]
▲[[Category:People from FresnilloAguascalientes]]
[[Category:National Conservatory of Music of Mexico alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National Conservatory of Music of Mexico]]
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