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m Changing short description from "French mathematician" to "French mathematician (1920–1996)" |
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{{Short description|French mathematician (1920–1996)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Marcel-Paul Schützenberger
| image = Schützenberger.jpeg
| image_size =
| caption = Schützenberger in 1972
| birth_date = {{birth date|1920|10|24|
| birth_place = [[Paris]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1996|07|29|1920|10|24|
| death_place = Paris
| nationality = French
| fields = [[Mathematics]]
| workplaces = [[University of Paris]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Paris]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Georges Darmois]]<br>[[Albert Châtelet]]
| doctoral_students = [[Jean Berstel]]<br>[[Dominique Foata]]<br>[[Alain Lascoux]]<br>[[Maurice Nivat]]<br>[[Dominique Perrin]]
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
* [[Schutzenberger group]]
* [[Weighted automaton]]
* [[Plactic monoid]]
* [[Chomsky hierarchy|Chomsky–Schützenberger hierarchy]]
* [[Chomsky–Schützenberger enumeration theorem]]
* [[Chomsky–Schützenberger representation theorem]]
}}
| awards =
}}
'''Marcel-Paul "Marco" Schützenberger''' (24 October
In the late 1940s, he was briefly married to the psychologist [[Anne Ancelin Schützenberger]].<ref name="orange">{{cite web|url=http://a.ancelin.schutzenberger.pagesperso-orange.fr/|title=Anne Ancelin Schützenberger|language=fr|website=orange.fr|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref>
==Contributions to medicine and biology==
Schützenberger's first doctorate, in medicine, was awarded in 1948 from the ''Faculté de Médecine de Paris''.<ref name="SchutzenBerger1948">Schützenberger, Marcel-Paul, ''[http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~berstel/Mps/Travaux/A/1948-12TheseMedecine.pdf Contribution à l'étude statistique du sexe à la naissance]'', Doctoral thesis, ''Faculté de Médecine de Paris'', 2 July 1948.</ref> His doctoral thesis, on the statistical study of
Biologist Jaques Besson, a co-author with Schützenberger on a biological topic,<ref>Besson, Jaques, Gavaudan, Pierre, & Schützenberger, Marcel-Paul, "''[http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~berstel/Mps/Travaux/A/1969-1AcidesAminesCras.pdf Sur l'existence d'une certaine corrélation entre le poids moléculaire des acides aminés et le nombre de triplets intervenant dans leurs codages]''," ''C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris'', No. 268, pp. 1342–1344, 1969.</ref> while noting that Schützenberger is perhaps most remembered for work in pure mathematical fields, credits him<ref name="Besson2001"/> for likely being responsible for the introduction of statistical sequential analysis in French hospital practice.<ref name="Schutzenberger1949">Schützenberger, Marcel-Parul, "''[http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~berstel/Mps/Travaux/A/1949-5AnalyseSeqSHP.pdf Une application de l'analyse séquentielle]''," ''Semaine des Hôpitaux de Paris'', Vol. 25 No. 60, pp. 2562–2564, 14 August 1949.</ref>
==Contributions to mathematics, computer science, and linguistics==
Schützenberger's second doctorate was awarded in 1953
In [[automata theory]], Schützenberger is credited with first defining (what later became known as) [[weighted automaton|weighted automata]], the first studied model of automata which compute a quantitative output.<ref name=WeightedAutomata>{{Cite journal|last=Schützenberger|first=M. P.|date=1961-09-01|title=On the definition of a family of automata|journal=Information and Control|language=en|volume=4|issue=2|pages=245–270|doi=10.1016/S0019-9958(61)80020-X|issn=0019-9958|doi-access=}}</ref>
The mathematician [[Dominique Perrin]] credited Schützenberger with "deeply [influencing] the theory of semigroups"
==Offices, honors, and recognitions==
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; Posthumous recognitions
After his death, two journals in theoretical mathematics dedicated issues to Schützenberger's memory. He was commemorated in this manner by ''[[Theoretical Computer Science (journal)|Theoretical Computer Science]]'' in 1998<ref name="TCS1998">"Special issue: papers dedicated to the memory of Marcel-Paul Schützenberger", ''Theoretical Computer Science'', Nivat, M. & Perrin, Dominique (eds.), Vol. 204, Issues 1-2, September 1998.</ref> and again by the ''[[International Journal of Algebra and Computation]]'' in 1999.<ref name="IJAC1999">"Special Issue: Dedicated to the Memory of Marcel-Paul Schützenberger," ''International Journal of Algebra and Computation'', Vol. 9, Nos. 3-4, June & August 1999. Issue at URL:
The mathematician [[David Berlinski]] provided this dedication in his 2000 book ''The Advent of The Algorithm
==Trivia==
* The character "Dr. Schütz" in [[Boris Vian]]'s 1948 novel, ''Et on tuera tous les affreux'', is said to have been inspired by Schützenberger.<ref>
* Together with many of his students, Schützenberger is one of the contributors of the pseudonymous collective [[M. Lothaire]].
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* ''De la diversité de certains cancers''. Pierre Florent Denoix, Paris (1954)/''About the diversity of some cancers''
* ''Théorie géométrique des polynômes eulériens'', with [[Dominique Foata]], Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer (1970)/''Geometric theory of [[Euler]] polynomials''
* ''Triangle de pensées'', with [[Alain Connes]] and [[André Lichnerowicz]], Paris, O. Jacob
* ''Les failles du darwinisme'', La Recherche, n°283 (January 1996)/''The miracles of darwinism''
* ''Œuvres complètes'', edited by [[Jean Berstel]], [[Alain Lascoux]] and [[Dominique Perrin]], Institut Gaspard-Monge, Université Paris-Est (2009)/''Complete Works''
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|first1=Herbert S.
|last1=Wilf
|journal=The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics
|volume=3
|pages=#F1
|doi=10.37236/2063
}}
*{{MacTutor|id=Schutzenberger}}
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[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century French mathematicians]]
[[Category:French
[[Category:20th-century French physicians]]
[[Category:Combinatorialists]]
[[Category:French statisticians]]
[[Category:French information theorists]]
[[Category:French National Centre for Scientific Research scientists]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:University of Poitiers alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Poitiers
[[Category:
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[Category:Information theorists]]
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