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'''Psychiatric nursing''' or '''mental health nursing''' is the specialty of [[nursing]] that cares for people of all ages with [[mental illness]] or mental distress, such as [[schizophrenia]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[psychosis]], [[clinical depression|depression]] or [[dementia]]. Nurses in this area receive
== Therapeutic relationship ==
{{Main|Therapeutic relationship}}
As with other areas of [[nursing practice]], psychiatric mental health nursing works within [[nursing theory|nursing models]], utilizing [[nursing care plan]]s, and seeks to care for the whole person. However, the emphasis of [[mental health]] nursing is on the development of a therapeutic relationship or alliance.<ref name="multiple">Wilkin P (2003). ''in:'' {{cite book | author=Barker, P (ed)| title=Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The craft of caring| location=London | publisher=Arnold | pages = 26–33|isbn=0-340-81026-2 | year=2003}}</ref> In practice, this means that the nurse should seek to engage with the person in care in a positive and collaborative
== History ==
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The formal recognition of [[psychiatry]] as a modern and legitimate profession occurred in 1808.<ref name="Alexander, F. 1967"/> In Europe, one of the major advocates for mental health nursing to help psychiatrists was Dr. William Ellis. He proposed giving the “keepers of the insane” better pay and training so more respectable, intelligent people would be attracted to the profession. In his 1836 publication of ''Treatise on Insanity'', he openly stated that an established nursing practice calmed depressed patients and gave hope to the hopeless.<ref name="Nolan, P. 1993"/> However, psychiatric nursing was not formalized in the United States until 1882 when [[Linda Richards]] opened Boston City College. This was the first school specifically designed to train nurses in psychiatric care.<ref name="Boyd, M. 1998">Boyd, M. & Nihart, M. (1998). Psychiatric Nursing - Contemporary Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott.</ref> The discrepancy between the founding of [[psychiatry]] and the recognition of trained nurses in the field is largely attributed to the attitudes in the 19th century which opposed training women to work in the medical field.<ref name="Alfredo, D. 2009"/>
In 1913 [[Johns Hopkins University]] was the first college of nursing in the United States to offer psychiatric nursing as part of its general curriculum. The first psychiatric nursing textbook, ''Nursing Mental Diseases'' by [[Harriet Bailey]], was not published until 1920. It was not until 1950 when the National League for Nursing required all nursing schools to include a clinical experience in [[psychiatry]] to receive national accreditation.<ref name="Videbeck, S. L. 2008"/> The first psychiatric nurses faced difficult working conditions. Overcrowding, under-staffing and poor resources required the continuance of custodial care. They were pressured by an increasing patient population that rose dramatically by the end of the 19th century. As a result, labor organizations formed to fight for better pay and fewer hours.<ref name="Nolan, P. 1993"/> Additionally, large asylums were founded to hold the large number of mentally ill, including the famous [[Kings Park Psychiatric Center]] in Long Island, New York. At its peak in the 1950s, the center housed more than 33,000 patients and required its own power plant. Nurses were often
In 1963, President [[John F. Kennedy]] accelerated the trend towards deinstitutionalization with the [[Community Mental Health Act]]. Also, since psychiatric drugs were becoming more available allowing patients to live on their own and the asylums were too expensive, institutions began shutting down.<ref name="Nolan, P. 1993"/> Nursing care thus became more intimate and holistic
The first developed standard of care was created by the psychiatric division of the [[American Nurses Association]] (ANA) in 1973. This standard outlined the responsibilities and expected quality of care of nurses.<ref name="Videbeck, S. L. 2008"/>
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== Assessment ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2010}}
The term mental health encompasses a great deal about a single person, including how we feel, how we behave, and how well we function. This single aspect of our person cannot be measured or easily reported but it is possible to obtain a global picture by collecting subjective and objective information
When identifying mental health wellness and planning interventions, here are a few things to keep in mind when completing a thorough mental health assessment in the nursing profession:
*Is the patient sleeping adequate hours on a regular sleeping cycle?
*Does the patient have a lack of interest in communication with other
*Is the patient eating and maintaining an adequate nutritional status?
*Is the ability to perform activities of daily living present (bathing, dressing, toileting one self)?
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*Is the ability to reason present?
*Is safety a recurring issue?
*Does the patient
*Does the patient
== Interventions ==
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