Michael Gove: Difference between revisions

{{Redirect|Gove}}

{{Use British English|date=November 2019}}

| term_end3 = 5 July 2024

| predecessor3 = [[Nadhim Zahawi]]

| primeminister4 = [[Boris Johnson]]

| term_start4 = 18 September 2021

| signature = Michael Gove Signature.png

}}

 

Born in [[Aberdeen]], Gove was in care until being adopted aged four months old, after which he was raised in the [[Kittybrewster]] area of the city. He attended the independent [[Robert Gordon's College]] and studied English at [[Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford]]. He then began a career as a journalist at ''[[The Press and Journal]]'' before having a long tenure as a leader writer at ''[[The Times]]''. Elected for Surrey Heath at the [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005 general election]], he was appointed [[Secretary of State for Education]] in the [[Cameron–Clegg coalition]]. He terminated the previous Labour government's [[Building Schools for the Future]] programme, reformed [[A-Level]] and [[GCSE]] qualifications in favour of final [[examinations]], and responded to the [[Trojan Horse scandal]]. Four teachers unions passed motions of no confidence in his policies at their 2013 conferences. In the [[2014 British cabinet reshuffle|2014 cabinet reshuffle]], he was moved to the post of [[Government Chief Whip]]. Following the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]] and the formation of the [[Second Cameron ministry|majority Cameron government]], Gove was promoted to [[Secretary of State for Justice]] and [[Lord Chancellor]]. As the co-convenor of [[Vote Leave]], Gove was seen, along with fellow Conservative MP Boris Johnson, as one of the most prominent figures of the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|2016 referendum on EU membership]]. He was campaign manager for Johnson in the [[2016 Conservative Party leadership election]] but withdrew his support on the morning Johnson was due to declare and announced his own candidacy, finishing behind Theresa May and [[Andrea Leadsom]].

 

 

== Early life and education (1967–1988) ==

Gove joined the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in 1983{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=14}} and campaigned on behalf of the party for the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]].{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=15}} Outside of school, he spent time as a [[Sunday school]] teacher at Causewayend Church.{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=15}} As he entered [[sixth year]] he had to apply for a scholarship as his family fell on difficult economic circumstances.{{Sfn|Johnson|2010}} He passed the scholarship exam and served as a [[school prefect]] in his final two years.{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=16}}

 

 

== Career ==

 

After moving to national television in 1991, Gove worked for the [[BBC]]'s ''[[On the Record (British TV programme)|On the Record]]'',{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=54}} and the [[Channel 4]] current affairs programme ''[[A Stab in the Dark (TV series)|A Stab in the Dark]]'', alongside [[David Baddiel]] and [[Tracey MacLeod]].{{Sfn|MacLeod|2016}} In 1994 he began working for the BBC's ''[[Today (BBC Radio 4)|Today]]'' programme.{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=77}}{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=78}} In 1995 he was identified by ''[[The Guardian]]'' as part of a group of "a new breed of 21st-century Tories".{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=83}}{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=84}} He broke the news of the [[1995 Conservative Party leadership election]] thanks to his connections with the upper echelons of the party.{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=83}} Gove was a member of the winning team in Grampian Television's quiz show ''[[Top Club]]'',{{Sfn|"NEWSNIGHT: Michael Gove in 90's TV game show, real ale and real women!". YouTube}} and played the school chaplain in the 1994 family comedy ''[[A Feast at Midnight]]''.{{Sfn|"A Feast at Midnight (1994) - Full cast and crew". IMDb}}

 

=== Early parliamentary career (2005–2010) ===

Gove won the Conservative candidacy for [[Surrey Heath (UK Parliament constituency)|Surrey Heath]] on 5 July 2004,{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=180}} after the sitting MP [[Nick Hawkins (politician)|Nick Hawkins]] was deselected by the local Conservative association.{{Sfn|Kite|2004}}{{Sfn|"Michael Gove: Electoral history and profile". The Guardian}} He then arranged to leave the staff of ''The Times'', but was retained on a contract to write a weekly column for the newspaper and other such pieces as might be commissioned ''ad hoc''.{{Sfn|Gove|2012}} He entered the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] after being elected in the [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005 general election]], winning by 10,845 votes and a 22.7% majority.<ref name="electoralcalculus2005">{{cite web |title=Election Data 2005 |url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054249/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt |archive-date=15 October 2011 |access-date=18 October 2015 |publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]}}</ref> After being selected as an MP he stood down from ''Moral Maze'' but continued to appear on ''[[Newsnight Review]]''. He was commissioned to write a book on terrorism in 2005, ''[[Celsius 7/7]]'', which was published in 2006.{{Sfn|Gove|2012}}

 

Gove won the "Rising Star Award" at the February 2006 Channel 4 political awards.{{sfn|Bennett|2019a|p=193}} On 2 July 2007, he was promoted to the [[Shadow Cabinet of David Cameron|Shadow Cabinet]] as [[Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families]] (a newly created department set up by [[Gordon Brown]]), shadowing [[Ed Balls]]. In the role he advocated the introduction of a Swedish-style education voucher system, whereby parents would choose where their child would be educated, with the state paying what they would have cost in a [[state school]]. He also advocated Swedish-style [[Free school (England)|free schools]], to be managed by parents and funded by the state,{{Sfn|Shepherd|2010}} with the possibility that such schools would be allowed to be run on a for-profit model.{{Sfn|Vasagar|2012a}} Gove was involved in founding the right-leaning magazine ''[[Standpoint (magazine)|Standpoint]]'', to which he has occasionally contributed.{{Sfn|"Michael Gove". Standpoint}} He contracted [[Influenza A virus subtype H1N1|H1N1 swine flu]] during the [[2009 influenza pandemic]].{{Sfn|Walker|2009}} In January 2010, he gave up his column for ''The Times'', in keeping with a policy governing Shadow Cabinet activity laid down by David Cameron at that time.{{Sfn|Gove|2012}} Prior to the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]], most of his questions in Commons debates concerned children, schools and families, education, local government, [[Council Tax]], foreign affairs and the environment.{{Sfn|"Michael Gove, Conservative MP for Surrey Heath". TheyWorkForYou}} At the 2010 general election, Gove was re-elected, winning an increased majority of 17,289 and with an increased vote share of 57.6%.<ref name="electoralcalculus2010">{{cite web |title=Election Data 2010 |url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726162034/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt |archive-date=26 July 2013 |access-date=17 October 2015 |publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]}}</ref>

 

[[File:Michael Gove Minister.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Official portrait, 2012]]

With the formation of the [[Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government]] following the hung parliament after the 2010 general election, Gove became [[Secretary of State for Education]]. His first moves included reorganising [[Department for Education|his department]],{{Sfn|"Department for Education returns in coalition rebrand". BBC News}} announcing plans to allow schools rated as Outstanding by [[Ofsted]] to become [[Academy (English school)|academies]],{{Sfn|Harrison|2010}} and cutting the previous government's school-building programme.{{Sfn|Richardson|2010}} He apologised, however, when the list of terminated school-building projects he had released was found to be inaccurate; the list was reannounced several times before it was finally accurately published.{{Sfn|"Gove apologises over school building list errors". BBC News}}

Gove was criticised by teachers unions for his attempts to overhaul English education.{{Sfn|"Michael Gove signals end for specialist schools". Evening Standard}}{{Sfn|"Michael Gove speaks about the importance of teaching". gov.uk}} At the [[Association of Teachers and Lecturers]] Annual Conference in March 2013 a motion of no-confidence in Gove was passed.{{Sfn|"Teachers Pass No Confidence Vote In Gove". Sky News}} The next month the [[National Union of Teachers]] passed a vote of no confidence in Gove at their annual conference and called for his resignation.{{Sfn|Shepherd|2013}} The [[National Association of Head Teachers]] and [[NASUWT]] also passed motions of no confidence at their conferences that year.{{Sfn|"Michael Gove heckled at head teachers' conference in Birmingham". BBC News}}{{Sfn|Shepherd|2013}}

 

On 15 July 2014, Gove's four-year stint in charge of the Department for Education came to an end when he was dismissed{{Sfn|"British PM Cameron sacks ally Gove, promotes women to cabinet". Reuters}} as Secretary of State for Education and replaced by former Treasury Minister [[Nicky Morgan]] in [[2014 British cabinet reshuffle|a wide-ranging cabinet reshuffle]]. Gove was moved to the post of Government [[chief whip]],{{Sfn|"Michael Gove moved to chief whip in cabinet reshuffle". BBC News}} which was portrayed as a demotion by his detractors; Prime Minister Cameron denied this was the case.{{Sfn|"Michael Gove move not a demotion, says David Cameron". BBC News}} Gove told [[BBC News]] that he had mixed emotions about starting the new role, saying it was a privilege to become Chief Whip but that leaving the Department for Education was "a wrench".{{Sfn|"Michael Gove: 'It's a wrench but a privilege changing job'". BBC News}}{{Sfn|"Michael Gove moved to chief whip in cabinet reshuffle". BBC News}}{{Sfn|Watt|Wintour|2014}}

 

The position came with a £30,000 pay cut, and a specific media role saw Gove on television and radio "more than a traditional Chief Whip would be".{{Sfn|Graham|2014}} He missed his first House of Commons vote in the new role, as explained by Shadow Commons Leader [[Angela Eagle]]; "Gove not only lost his first vote but managed to get stuck in the toilet in the wrong lobby".{{Sfn|Withnall|2014}} Gove remained in the post of chief whip until May 2015, when the role was taken over by [[Mark Harper]].

 

[[File:Michael Gove government portrait 2015.jpg|thumb|Official portrait, 2015]]

At the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]], Gove was again re-elected, increasing his majority to 24,804 and increasing his vote share to 59.9%.<ref name="electoralcalculus">{{cite web |title=Election Data 2015 |url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112223/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt |archive-date=17 October 2015 |access-date=17 October 2015 |publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]}}</ref> Following the election, Cameron promoted Gove as [[Secretary of State for Justice]] and [[Lord Chancellor]] in his newly formed cabinet.{{Sfn|"Michael Gove moves to justice in post-election reshuffle". BBC News}} He was praised in December 2015 for scrapping the courts fee introduced by his predecessor, [[Chris Grayling]].{{Sfn|Dugan|Wright|2015}} The fee had been heavily criticised for, among other things, causing innocent people to plead guilty out of financial concerns.{{Sfn|Cooper|2015}} Gove removed the 12-book limit on prison books introduced by Grayling, arguing that books increased literacy and numeracy, skills needed for making prisoners a "potential asset to society". The move, effective from September 2015, was welcomed by Frances Cook of the [[Howard League for Penal Reform]].{{Sfn|"Prisoner book restrictions scrapped by Michael Gove". BBC News}} Gove was also praised for his prominent role in scrapping a British bid for a Saudi prison contract.{{Sfn|Watt|Travis|2015}}

 

==== Leadership election (2016) ====

 

''The Telegraph'' wrote in an opinion piece that Gove's actions in undermining Johnson's leadership aspirations constituted "the most spectacular political assassination in a generation"{{Sfn|Swinford|Hope|Dominiczak|2016}} while ''The Guardian]'' labelled it as a "Machiavellian move".{{Sfn|Mason|Stewart|2016}}

Gove said: "I wanted to help build a team behind Boris Johnson so that a politician who argued for leaving the European Union could lead us to a better future. But I have come, reluctantly, to the conclusion that Boris cannot provide the leadership or build the team for the task ahead. I have, therefore, decided to put my name forward for the leadership. I want there to be an open and positive debate about the path the country will now take. Whatever the verdict of that debate I will respect it. In the next few days I will lay out my plan for the United Kingdom which I hope can provide unity and change."{{Sfn|Cowburn|2016a}}

 

 

[[File:Michael Gove 20160715 (30113151446).jpg|thumb|Gove addressing a dinner audience on 15 July 2016, the day after his dismissal as [[Secretary of State for Justice]]]]

On 14 July 2016, Gove was dismissed by the prime minister, Theresa May. According to [[Jon Craig]] of [[Sky News]], Gove was told to "go and learn about loyalty on the backbenches" in a two-minute meeting with May.{{Sfn|Craig|2016}}

In his capacity as a writer for ''The Times'', Gove gave the first British post-election interview to [[Donald Trump]] in January 2017, along with [[Kai Diekmann]] from ''[[Bild]]'',{{Sfn|Gove|2017}}{{Sfn|Stewart|2017}} making him the second British politician to meet Trump as [[President-elect of the United States]] after [[Nigel Farage]].{{Sfn|Sharman|2017}} Despite preferring [[Hillary Clinton]] to Trump as [[President of the United States]],{{Sfn|"Newsnight, 16/01/2017". BBC Two}} Gove's interview and consequent defence of it was seen as praising the President-elect unduly.{{Sfn|Crace|2017}}

 

[[File:Rural debate between Michael Gove and Fergus Ewing.jpg|thumb|Gove with [[Fergus Ewing]], the Scottish government's [[Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Islands|Rural Economy Secretary]], in February 2019]]

 

Following his appointment, Gove announced that a [[microbead]] ban would be put into place by the end of 2017. However, the ban arrived in early 2018. It meant that manufacturers could no longer produce the tiny beads used in cosmetics and care products. Another ban came in June 2018 which stopped shops from selling products that contained the beads. The reasoning behind the ban was to stop the beads harming marine life.{{Sfn|"World leading microbeads ban comes into force". gov.uk}}

 

=== Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (2019–2021) ===

Upon the election of Johnson as prime minister, Gove was appointed [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]], legally representing [[the Crown]] as [[Duke of Lancaster]].{{Sfn|Casalicchio|2019}} His [[Minister without portfolio (United Kingdom)|non-portfolio]] role included responsibility for no-deal Brexit preparations, overseeing [[constitutional affairs]], maintaining the integrity of the [[United Kingdom|Union]] and having oversight over all [[Cabinet Office]] policy.{{Sfn|Wright|2019}}{{Sfn|"The Rt Hon Michael Gove MP". gov.uk}} Gove was excluded from a place on the [[National Security Council (United Kingdom)|National Security Council]] committee as Johnson pursued a slimming down of Cabinet operations.{{Sfn|Hope|2019a}} He became a central figure in the conduction of [[Operation Yellowhammer]], the civil servant contingency planning for the possibility of a no-deal Brexit.{{Sfn|Thimont Jack|Etherington|Owen|2020}}

 

Writing in ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' on 28 July 2019, Gove said that a no-deal Brexit was "a very real prospect" and one that the Government was "working on the assumption of".{{Sfn|"No-deal Brexit now 'assumed' by government, says Gove". BBC News}}{{Sfn|Gove|2019}} He said in August that it was "wrong and sad" that the EU was "refusing to negotiate" over a new withdrawal agreement.{{Sfn|"Brexit: EU 'refusing to negotiate', says Gove". BBC News}} That month, an official Cabinet Yellowhammer document leaked, predicting that a no-deal Brexit would lead to food, medicine and petrol shortages. Gove said the leaked dossier outlined a "worst-case scenario".{{Sfn|"Brexit: No-deal dossier shows worst-case scenario - Gove". BBC News}} Interviewed in September 2019, Gove declined to say whether the Government would abide by legislation designed to stop a no-deal Brexit.{{Sfn|"Brexit: Gove won't commit to abide by law to block no deal". BBC News}}

 

 

Gove won the "Minister to watch" award at the January 2020 ''Spectator'' Parliamentarian of the Year awards.{{Sfn|"The Spectator Parliamentarian of the Year Awards: The Winners". The Spectator}} On 13 February 2020, he took on additional responsibilities as [[Minister for the Cabinet Office]], succeeding [[Oliver Dowden]], who had been appointed [[Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport]], in Johnson's [[2020 British cabinet reshuffle|first large reshuffle of his government]].{{Sfn|Freeguard|2020}}

During the first [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]] lockdown, Gove generated confusion after saying on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]'s ''[[Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)|Good Morning Britain]]'' that children with separated parents were not allowed to move between their parents' homes. He later apologised and clarified that what he had said was not the case.{{Sfn|Braddick|2020}} When Johnson was self-isolating after having been tested positive for [[COVID-19]], Gove stood in for Johnson briefly from 27 March 2020 at the daily briefings of the pandemic,{{Sfn|"Coronavirus: Prime Minister Boris Johnson tests positive". BBC News}} until Gove self-isolated himself after a family member developed COVID-19 symptoms.{{Sfn|Jarvis|2020}}

 

 

After Johnson said that the UK had ended trade talks with the EU in October 2020, Gove said that the door was "still ajar" if the EU made changes over issues including fishing access and that "We hope the EU will change their position and we are certainly not saying if they do change their position we can't talk to them".{{Sfn|"Brexit: Door 'still ajar' for EU trade talks, says Gove". BBC News}}

In July 2021, Gove worked part-time in [[Glasgow]] as part of the Government strategy to strengthen the Union.{{Sfn|Wright|Maguire|2021}}{{Sfn|"It's great to be in our Glasgow HQ today - Scotland benefits from its two Governments working together. Today we've been pushing forward on the vaccine rollout and post-Covid economic recovery.". Twitter}} That month, a joint statement on behalf of Gove and Vine said that they had agreed to separate and were in the process of finalising their divorce.{{Sfn|Allegretti|2021b}} The next month, Gove was filmed dancing "merrily" at Bohemia nightclub in Aberdeen. He had allegedly tried to avoid a £5 entrance fee by stating he was the chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Friends of Gove denied he had attempted to avoid paying.{{Sfn|Syal|2021}} In January 2022, a divorce was granted on the grounds of Gove's unreasonable behaviour.{{Sfn|Farmer|2022}}

 

In a [[2021 British cabinet reshuffle|cabinet reshuffle on 15 September 2021]], Gove was appointed [[Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government]]. He was given responsibilities for the Government's [[Levelling up policy of the Boris Johnson government|levelling up agenda]], the Union and elections, the last two of which he retained from his previous post.{{Sfn|Payne|2021}}{{Sfn|"The Rt Hon Michael Gove @MichaelGove has been appointed Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government @MHCLG He takes on cross-government responsibility for levelling up. He retains ministerial responsibility for the Union and elections.". Twitter}} Within days his department was renamed the [[Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities]], and his title changed to Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities. He was given the additional title of [[Minister for Intergovernmental Relations]].{{Sfn|Cordon|2021}}

 

On 6 July 2022, Gove was dismissed by Johnson for alleged disloyalty, after visiting [[Downing Street]] to tell him to resign, during the [[July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis|July 2022 Government crisis]].{{Sfn|"Boris Johnson latest: Johnson sacks Gove after cabinet ministers pile pressure on PM". BBC News}}{{Sfn|Payne|2022}} A Downing Street source described him as a "snake" following the sacking.{{Sfn|Gye|Duffy|2022}}

 

Gove declined to run in the [[July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election]].{{Sfn|Webster|2022}} He endorsed [[Kemi Badenoch]]'s leadership bid and, after her defeat,{{Sfn|Forsyth|2022}} announced his support for Rishi Sunak.{{Sfn|Walker|2022}}

 

Gove declined to run in the [[October 2022 Conservative Party leadership election]].{{Sfn|Sparrow|2022}} He endorsed Sunak's leadership bid.{{Sfn|Forrest|2022}}

 

On 25 October 2022, following the accession of Rishi Sunak to the prime ministership, Gove was reinstated to his previous roles of Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and Minister for Intergovernmental Relations.{{Sfn|Morris|2022}} Gove had previously said that he did not expect to serve in government again.{{Sfn|Elliards|2022}}

 

In February 2023, following the [[death of Awaab Ishak]], a two-year old child living in a mould-hit flat, the Government announced that it would implement "[[Awaab's Law]]", requiring [[Public housing in the United Kingdom|social housing providers]] to remedy reported damp and mould within certain time limits. Gove made the announcement as he met with Awaab's family in [[Rochdale]].{{Sfn|"Government to deliver Awaab's Law". gov.uk}}

 

 

 

 

== Political positions ==

{{Conservatism UK|Politicians}}

 

Giving evidence before the Leveson Inquiry in May 2012, Gove said he was "unashamedly on the side of those who say that we should think very carefully before legislation and regulation because the cry 'something must be done' often leads to people doing something which isn't always wise."{{Sfn|"Michael Gove, Leveson, and the case for liberty". Cranmer}}

 

== Personal life ==

 

 

== Notes and references ==

== Sources ==

=== Books and journals ===

*{{cite book|author-link=Owen Bennett|title=Michael Gove: A Man In A Hurry|year=2019a|publisher=[[Biteback Publishing]]|isbn=978-1785904400|last=Bennett|first=Owen}}

* {{Cite journal |last1=Blunkett |first1=David |author-link1=David Blunkett |last2=Flinders |first2=Matthew |author-link2=Matthew Flinders (academic) |year= 2020 |journal = [[British Politics (journal)|British Politics]] |title= The privilege of public service and the dangers of populist technocracy: a response to Michael Gove and Dominic Cumming's 2020 Ditchley annual lecture |volume= 16 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–15 |doi= 10.1057/s41293-020-00148-2 |pmid=38624669 |pmc= 7568759 }}

* {{Cite book|title=Dods Parliamentary Companion 2013|date=2013|location=[[London]]|publisher=[[Dods Group]]|page=183|isbn=9781908232106|ref={{sfnRef|"Dods Parliamentary Companion 2013". Dods Group}}}}

* {{Cite book|title=The Price of Peace|last=Gove|first=Michael|publisher=[[Centre for Policy Studies]]|year=2000|isbn=1-903219-15-9|location=[[London]]|pages=ii}}

*{{cite book|author-link=Craig Oliver (British journalist)|title=Unleashing Demons: The Inside Story of Brexit|year=2016|publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]]|isbn=978-1-473-65247-7|last=Oliver|first=Craig}}

 

=== News ===

* {{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1491586/Additional-support.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1491586/Additional-support.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Additional support |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=8 June 2005 |access-date=14 September 2014 |ref={{sfnRef|"Additional support". The Telegraph}}}}{{cbignore}}

* {{cite news |last=Allegretti |first=Aubrey |date=2 July 2021b |title=Michael Gove and wife Sarah Vine to divorce after 'drifting apart' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jul/02/michael-gove-and-wife-sarah-vine-to-divorce |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2 July 2021 |archive-date=2 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702160713/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jul/02/michael-gove-and-wife-sarah-vine-to-divorce |url-status=live }}

* {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/06/michael-gove-rules-out-running-for-tory-leader-and-says-his-frie |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/06/michael-gove-rules-out-running-for-tory-leader-and-says-his-frie |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Michael Gove rules out running for Tory leader and says his friendship with David Cameron will survive the referendum |access-date=30 June 2016|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=6 May 2016a |last1=Dominiczak |first1=Peter}}{{cbignore}}

* {{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/queen-elizabeth-II/12189540/Gove-faces-Queen-Brexit-questions.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/queen-elizabeth-II/12189540/Gove-faces-Queen-Brexit-questions.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Michael Gove to face questions over 'Queen Brexit' row as minister is implicated in leak |last=Dominiczak |first=Peter |date=9 March 2016b |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=11 October 2019}}{{cbignore}}

* {{cite news |last=Duffy |first=Nick |title=Here's where all the Tory candidates stand on LGBT rights |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2016/06/30/heres-where-all-the-tory-pm-candidates-stand-on-lgbt-rights/ |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=30 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2017 |quote=He was one of just 29 Conservative MPs to vote in favour of Labour's Equality Act in 2007. |archive-date=8 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608163433/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2016/06/30/heres-where-all-the-tory-pm-candidates-stand-on-lgbt-rights/ |url-status=live }}

* {{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/tax-on-justice-michael-gove-scraps-criminal-courts-charges-after-independent-campaign-a6758616.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/tax-on-justice-michael-gove-scraps-criminal-courts-charges-after-independent-campaign-a6758616.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-status=live |title=Tax on justice: Michael Gove scraps criminal courts charges after Independent campaign |date=3 December 2015 |access-date=4 December 2015 |work=[[The Independent]] |last1=Dugan |first1=Emily |last2=Wright |first2=Oliver}}

* {{cite news |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |url=https://www.thejc.com/community/community-life/55213/gove-tells-ujia-i-am-a-proud-zionist |title=Gove tells UJIA: 'I am a proud Zionist' |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]] |date=22 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124141428/https://www.thejc.com/community/community-life/55213/gove-tells-ujia-i-am-a-proud-zionist |access-date=29 May 2012 |archive-date=24 November 2011}}

* {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jun/11/theresa-may-appoints-close-ally-damian-green-first-secretary-state|title=Michael Gove appointed environment secretary in cabinet reshuffle|last=Elgot|first=Jessica|date=11 June 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906161706/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jun/11/theresa-may-appoints-close-ally-damian-green-first-secretary-state|url-status=live}}

* {{cite news |last1=Forsyth |first1=James |title=Gove backs Kemi Badenoch for prime minister |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/gove-backs-kemi-badenoch-for-prime-minister |access-date=10 July 2022 |work=[[The Spectator]] |date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710201904/https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/gove-backs-kemi-badenoch-for-prime-minister |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}

* {{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/michael-gove-a-fanatic-who-would-damage-peace-process-1.2710224 |title=Michael Gove a 'fanatic' who would damage peace process |first=Peter |last=Geoghegan |date=5 July 2016 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=3 October 2019 |archive-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323230528/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/michael-gove-a-fanatic-who-would-damage-peace-process-1.2710224 |url-status=live}}

* {{cite news |title=Gove apologises over school building list errors |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10538754 |access-date=27 October 2013 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=7 July 2010 |archive-date=1 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101110617/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10538754 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnRef|"Gove apologises over school building list errors". BBC News}}}}

* {{cite news |title=Gove apologises to his former French teacher |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-20034101 |access-date=30 August 2013 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=23 October 2012 |archive-date=10 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510175747/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-20034101 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnRef|"Gove apologises to his former French teacher". BBC News}}}}

* {{cite news|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-06-09/gove-criticised-cocaine-users-pushing-for-legalisation-in-1999-column/|title=Gove criticised cocaine users pushing for legalisation in 1999 column|work=[[ITV News]]|access-date=9 June 2019|archive-date=9 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609085455/https://www.itv.com/news/2019-06-09/gove-criticised-cocaine-users-pushing-for-legalisation-in-1999-column/|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|"Gove criticised cocaine users pushing for legalisation in 1999 column". ITV News}}}}

* {{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-35793773|title=Gove 'did not brief' Queen Brexit story|date=12 March 2016|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=11 October 2019|archive-date=4 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204074806/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-35793773|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|"Gove 'did not brief' Queen Brexit story". BBC News}}}}

* {{Cite news |last=Kite |first=Melissa |date=27 June 2004 |title=Surrey Heath members believe that their money ought to be able to buy a future prime minister |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1465579/Surrey-Heath-members-believe-that-their-money-ought-to-be-able-to-buy-a-future-prime-minister.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1465579/Surrey-Heath-members-believe-that-their-money-ought-to-be-able-to-buy-a-future-prime-minister.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=27 October 2013 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}{{cbignore}}

* {{cite news|last1=Kleinman|first1=Mark|title=Gove risks new Whitehall row over choice of DEFRA directors|url=https://news.sky.com/story/michael-gove-risks-new-whitehall-row-over-choice-of-defra-directors-11272376|access-date=27 July 2018|work=[[Sky News]]|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728160721/https://news.sky.com/story/michael-gove-risks-new-whitehall-row-over-choice-of-defra-directors-11272376|url-status=live}}

* {{cite news |last=Lay |first=Kat |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/health/news/article4505950.ece |title=Gove can't get x-ray at weekend |work=[[The Times]] |date=23 July 2015 |access-date=23 July 2015 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119164755/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/health/news/article4505950.ece |url-status=live }}

* {{Cite news |date=2 February 2022 |title='Levelling up' plan for UK unveiled by Michael Gove |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-60216307 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316222719/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-60216307 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnRef|"'Levelling up' plan for UK unveiled by Michael Gove". BBC News}}}}

* {{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-41787710|title=Michael Gove apologises for 'clumsy' Weinstein joke on Today|work=[[BBC News]]|date=28 October 2017|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-date=8 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108005431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-41787710|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|"Michael Gove apologises for 'clumsy' Weinstein joke on Today". BBC News}}}}

* {{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48564722 |title=Michael Gove: Cocaine 'mistake' a 'deep regret' |date=8 June 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=8 June 2019 |archive-date=8 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608054325/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48564722 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnRef|"Michael Gove: Cocaine 'mistake' a 'deep regret'". BBC News}}}}

* {{cite web |title=Michael Gove: Electoral history and profile |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/person/9378/michael-gove |access-date=27 October 2013 |work=[[The Guardian]] |archive-date=25 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925000605/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/person/9378/michael-gove |url-status=live |ref={{SfnRef|"Michael Gove: Electoral history and profile". The Guardian}}}}

* {{cite news|date=18 May 2013|title=Michael Gove heckled at head teachers' conference in Birmingham|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-22558756|access-date=27 October 2013|archive-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114133503/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-22558756|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|"Michael Gove heckled at head teachers' conference in Birmingham". BBC News}}}}

* {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/may/29/michael-gove-open-state-schools-profit |access-date=31 May 2012 |date=29 May 2012a |work=[[The Guardian]] |first=Jeevan |last=Vasagar |title=Michael Gove open-minded over state schools being run for profit |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302232434/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/may/29/michael-gove-open-state-schools-profit |url-status=live }}

* {{cite news|last1=Vaughan|first1=Richard|title=Michael Gove facing questions over appointment of Tory donor Ben Goldsmith to Defra board|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/michael-gove-questions-appointment-tory-ben-goldsmith/|access-date=27 July 2018|work=[[i (newspaper)|i]]|date=23 March 2018|archive-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728131457/https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/michael-gove-questions-appointment-tory-ben-goldsmith/|url-status=live}}

* {{cite news |author-link2=Jim Waterson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/19/the-itv-election-debate-your-complete-guide-to-johnson-v-corbyn |title=The ITV election debate: your complete guide to Johnson v Corbyn |last1=Walker |first1=Peter |last2=Waterson |first2=Jim |date=19 November 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=19 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119061601/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/19/the-itv-election-debate-your-complete-guide-to-johnson-v-corbyn |url-status=live }}

* {{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/5906486/Michael-Gove-is-the-latest-celebrity-victim-of-swine-flu.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/5906486/Michael-Gove-is-the-latest-celebrity-victim-of-swine-flu.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Michael Gove is the latest celebrity victim of swine flu |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=25 July 2009 |access-date=11 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}

 

=== Websites and others ===

* {{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109784/fullcredits#cast|title=A Feast at Midnight (1994) - Full cast and crew|work=[[IMDb]]|access-date=27 October 2013|archive-date=14 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214022057/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109784/fullcredits#cast|url-status=live}}

* {{cite web |last=Ali |first=Tariq |author-link=Tariq Ali |date=30 August 2013 |title=The Vassal's Revolt |url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2013/08/30/tariq-ali/the-vassals-revolt/ |work=[[London Review of Books]] |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-date=17 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022417/https://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2013/08/30/tariq-ali/the-vassals-revolt/ |url-status=live }}

* {{cite press release |last=Smith |first=Graham |title=Decision Notice|url=http://www.ico.gov.uk/news/latest_news/2012/~/media/documents/decisionnotices/2012/fs_50422276.ashx|work=[[Information Commissioner's Office]]|date=1 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306035417/http://www.ico.gov.uk/news/latest_news/2012/~/media/documents/decisionnotices/2012/fs_50422276.ashx|archive-date=6 March 2012}}

* {{cite news |last1=Speer |first1=Sean |title=Opposition to WE Charity shows Tories lack a basic theory of statecraft |url=https://nationalpost.com/opinion/sean-speer-opposition-to-we-charity-shows-tories-lack-a-basic-theory-of-statecraft |work=[[National Post]] |location=[[Toronto]] |date=3 July 2020 |access-date=5 January 2022 }}

* {{cite tweet |last=Stronge |first=Matt |user=TheMattStronge |number=1312109573839282176 |date=2 October 2020 |title=Our first episode goes out tomorrow! Here's a clip from the show, written by the brilliant @bronactitley, with the incredible vocal talents of @lewismacleod & @indyv9 |access-date=23 May 2022 |ref={{sfnRef|"Our first episode goes out tomorrow! Here's a clip from the show, written by the brilliant @bronactitley, with the incredible vocal talents of @lewismacleod & @indyv9". Twitter}}}}{{better source needed|date=December 2020}}

* {{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/michael-gove|title=The Rt Hon Michael Gove MP|website=[[gov.uk]]|date=26 July 2019|access-date=27 July 2019|archive-date=4 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704142817/https://www.gov.uk/government/people/michael-gove|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|"The Rt Hon Michael Gove MP". gov.uk}}}}

* {{cite tweet|number=1438160644717662214|title=The Rt Hon Michael Gove @MichaelGove has been appointed Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government @MHCLG He takes on cross-government responsibility for levelling up. He retains ministerial responsibility for the Union and elections.|user=10DowningStreet|author=UK Prime Minister|date=15 September 2021|access-date=20 September 2021|ref={{sfnRef|"The Rt Hon Michael Gove @MichaelGove has been appointed Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government @MHCLG He takes on cross-government responsibility for levelling up. He retains ministerial responsibility for the Union and elections.". Twitter}}}}

* {{Cite press release|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-wide-christmas-arrangements-agreed-by-the-uk-government-and-the-devolved-administrations|title=UK-wide Christmas arrangements agreed by the UK Government and the Devolved Administrations|website=[[gov.uk]]|date=24 November 2020|access-date=9 January 2021|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113122145/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-wide-christmas-arrangements-agreed-by-the-uk-government-and-the-devolved-administrations|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|"UK-wide Christmas arrangements agreed by the UK Government and the Devolved Administrations". gov.uk}}}}

* {{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_auQPmnh1q8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/_auQPmnh1q8 |archive-date=12 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Gove at Midnight |date=18 August 2012 |work=[[YouTube]] |access-date=9 August 2014 |first=Ben |last=Woodhams |ref={{sfnRef|"A Feast at Midnight (1994) - Full cast and crew". IMDb}}}}{{cbignore}}

* {{Cite press release|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leading-microbeads-ban-comes-into-force|title=World leading microbeads ban comes into force|website=[[gov.uk]]|date=19 June 2018|access-date=3 August 2019|archive-date=3 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803210448/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leading-microbeads-ban-comes-into-force|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|"World leading microbeads ban comes into force". gov.uk}}}}

{{s-par|uk}}

{{s-bef|before=[[Nick Hawkins (politician)|Nick Hawkins]]}}

{{s-aft|after=[[Al Pinkerton]]}}

 

{{s-bef|before=[[Nadhim Zahawi]]}}

{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Intergovernmental Relations]]|years=2022–2024}}

{{s-ppo}}

{{s-bef|before=[[George Young, Baron Young of Cookham|George Young]]}}

{{s-ttl|title=[[Conservative Chief Whip]] of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]|years=2014–2015}}

{{s-aft|after=[[Mark Harper]]}}

{{s-prec|ew}}

{{s-end}}

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