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In [[human genetics]], the '''Mitochondrial Eve''' (also ''mt-Eve, mt-MRCA'') is the [[Matrilineality|matrilineal]] [[most recent common ancestor]] (MRCA) of all [[world population|living]] humans. In other words, she is defined as the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an unbroken line purely through their mothers and through the mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on one
In terms of [[Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup|mitochondrial haplogroups]], the mt-MRCA is situated at the divergence of [[Macro-haplogroup L (mtDNA)|macro-haplogroup L]] into [[Haplogroup L0 (mtDNA)|L0]] and [[Haplogroup L1 (mtDNA)#Origin|L1–6]]. As of 2013, estimates on the age of this split ranged at around 155,000 years ago,{{efn|group=note|Two studies published in 2013 had 95% confidence intervals barely overlapping in the neighbourhood of 15 ka, a third study had a 95% confidence interval intermediate between the two others: "99 to 148 ka" according to Poznik, 2013<ref name=poz /> (ML whole-mtDNA age estimate: 178.8 [155.6; 202.2], ρ whole-mtDNA age estimate: 185.2 [153.8; 216.9], ρ synonymous age estimate: 174.8 [153.8; 216.9]), "134 to 188 ka", according to Fu, 2013,<ref name=Fu2013 /> and 150 to 234 ka (95% CI) from Soares, 2009.<ref name="Soares09" />}} consistent with a date later than the [[speciation]] of ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' but earlier than the [[Recent African origin of modern humans|recent out-of-Africa dispersal]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Endicott P, Ho SY, Metspalu M, Stringer C | title = Evaluating the mitochondrial timescale of human evolution | journal = Trends in Ecology & Evolution | volume = 24 | issue = 9 | pages = 515–521 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19682765 | doi = 10.1016/j.tree.2009.04.006 }}</ref><ref name="Soares09"/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/245/new_molecular_clock_aids_dating_of_human_migration_history |publisher=University of Leeds |title=New 'molecular clock' aids dating of human migration history |date=3 June 2009 |access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref>
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