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[[File:Jean-Lubin Vauzelle - La Salle d'introduction du musée des Monuments français.jpg|thumb|The chapel of the ''petitsPetits-Augustins'' repurposed as part of the ''muséeMusée des Monuments français''Français in 1804, by {{ill|Jean-Lubin Vauzelle|fr}}]]
[[File:Alexandre Lenoir avec Napoléon et Joséphine au Musée des monuments français.jpg|thumb|[[Napoleon]] and [[Empress Joséphine|Joséphine]] visit the museum with [[Alexandre Lenoir]], by {{ill|Jean-Baptiste Réville|fr}}]]
 
The '''''Musée des Monuments français''''' was a French art museum, created in 1795 on the initiative of [[Alexandre Lenoir]]. It displayed sculptures and other objects, many salvaged on Lenoir's own initiative from the destructions of the [[French Revolution]]. It was established in the former convent of the ''petitsPetits-Augustins'' on the left bank of the Seine in [[Paris]], now part of the campus of the [[Beaux-Arts de Paris]].
 
==History==
 
Following the [[Biens nationaux|nationalization of religious properties]] on 2 November 1789, the revolutionary government's "Monuments' Commission" (''Commission des monuments'') in late 1790 created a depository of cultural artefacts in the just-disestablished [[Order of Saint Augustine|Augustinian]] convent of the ''petitsPetits-Augustins''. The following year, it appointed Lenoir, then a young painter, to administer the facility.<ref name=HPI/>
 
As revolutionary destructions accelerated, Lenoir gathered an increased number of sculptures and other objects into the deposit, including most of the decoration of the royal tombs in the [[Basilica of Saint-Denis]] following the [[National Convention]]'s decision on 1 August 1793 to destroy these icons of the former monarchy. He also collected mortal remains from the desecrated burials of monarchs in Saint-Denis ([[Hugh Capet]], [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV]], [[Charles V of France|Charles V]], [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]], [[Louis XII]], [[Catherine de' Medici]]) and of other historical figures ([[Peter Abelard|Abelard]] and [[Héloïse]], the [[Jean François Paul de Gondi|Cardinal de Retz]], [[Molière]], [[Jean de La Fontaine|La Fontaine]], [[Nicolas Boileau|Boileau]], [[Jean Mabillon|Mabillon]]). On 21 October 1795, he was authorized to open the deposit as a museum, the second in France after the [[Louvre]] had opened in 1793.<ref name=HPI>{{cite web|website=L'Histoire par l'Image |title=Le musée des Monuments français d'Alexandre Lenoir |url=https://histoire-image.org/fr/etudes/musee-monuments-francais-alexandre-lenoir |author=Charlotte Denoël |date=March 2016}}</ref><ref name=RMN/>
 
In 1816, following the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]], the new royal government closed Lenoir's museum.<ref name=RMN>{{cite web|website=Boutiques de musées |url=https://www.boutiquesdemusees.fr/fr/selection/museum/musee-du-louvre/un-musee-revolutionnaire-le-musee-des-monuments-francais-dalexandre-lenoir-3252/1/ |title=Un musée révolutionnaire. Le musée des Monuments français d'Alexandre Lenoir |date=2016}}</ref> Many of the objects were re-installed in the churches from which they had been transferred, including the royal burial monuments in Saint-Denis. Others were taken over by the [[Louvre]], where they are part of what is now the ''départementDépartement des sculptures''Sculptures; by the ''[[Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)|Musée de l'Histoire de France]]'' in the [[Palace of Versailles]], opened in 1837; and by the [[Musée de Cluny]], opened in 1843. The royal remains collected by Lenoir were reinterred in Saint-Denis, and those of non-royals at the [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]].
 
==See also==
* [[Musée national des Monuments Français]]
* [[Trocadéro Palace]]
 
==Notes==
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[[Category:History museums in France]]
[[Category:Culture of the French Revolution]]
[[Category:1795 establishments in France]]
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