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{{Nakshatras}}
'''Nakshatra''' ({{lang-sa| नक्षत्रम्|translit=Nakṣatram}}) is the term for [[
The starting point for the nakshatras according to the ''[[Vedas]]'' is "
{{cite book
|first=Vashisht |last=Vaid
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</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2018}}
In
==In the Atharvaveda==
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# [[Ashvini]]
# [[Bharani]]
# [[Kṛttikā]] (the [[Pleiades]])
# [[Rohini (nakshatra)|
# [[
# [[Ardra Nakshatra|
# [[Punarvasu]] ([[Castor (star)|Castor]] and [[Pollux (star)|Pollux]])
# [[Pushya]]
# [[Ashlesha (nakshatra)|
# [[Magha (nakshatra)|Maghā]] ([[Regulus]])
# [[Purva Phalguni]]
# [[#List of Nakshatras|Uttara Phalguni]] ([[Denebola]])
# [[Hasta (nakshatra)|Hasta]]
# [[#List of Nakshatras|Chitrā]] ([[Spica]])
# [[Svati|
# [[
# [[Anuradha (nakshatra)|
# [[Jyeshtha (nakshatra)|
# [[Mula (nakshatra)|
# [[#List of Nakshatras|Purva Ashadha]]
# [[Uttara Ashadha]]
# [[Shravana]]
# [[Dhanishta]]
# [[Shatabhisha|Satabhishak]] ([[Sadachbia]])
# [[Purva Bhadrapada]]
# [[Uttara Bhādrapadā|Uttara Bhadrapada]]
# [[Revati (nakshatra)|Revati]]
}}
This 27
{{cite book
|author=Mercay, Jessie
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{{See also|List of Nakshatras}}
{{See also|Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar#nakshatra}}
In Hindu astronomy, there was an older tradition of 28 Nakshatras which were used as celestial markers in the heavens. When these were mapped into equal divisions of the ecliptic, a division of 27 portions was adopted since that resulted in a clearer definition of each portion (i.e. segment) subtending 13° 20′ (as opposed to 12° {{frac|51|3|7}}′ in the case of 28 segments). In the process, the
{{cite book
|first=Ebenezer |last=Burgess
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|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpE7AAAAcAAJ
}}
</ref>{{rp|p=179}} However, the
It is noted above that with the older tradition of 28 Nakshatras each equal segment would subtend 12.85 degrees or 12° 51′. But the 28
The 28 mansions of the 360° lunar zodiac total 831 Muhurtas or 27.7 days. This is sometimes described as an inaccurate estimate of our modern sidereal period of 27.3 days, but using the ancient Indian calendar with Vedic months of 30 days and a daily movement of the Moon of 13 degrees, this early designation of a sidereal month of 831 Muhurtas or 27.7 days is very precise.{{efn|
The exact figure }}<ref>
{{cite book
Line 143 ⟶ 144:
|title=Astronomy in the Sutras translated into Chinese
}}
</ref>{{full citation needed|date=January 2019}}
Irrespective of the reason why ancient early Indian astronomers followed a Vedic calendar of exactly 12 months of 30 days it was this calendar and not a modern calendar of 365 days that they used for the astronomical calculations for the number of days taken for the Moon to complete one sidereal cycle of 360°. This is why initially they named 28 Nakshatras on their lunar zodiac.<ref>
Line 175 ⟶ 177:
|-
| 1
||'''[[Ashvini|Aśvini]]'''<br/>"The Horsemen"
||[[Sheratan|β]] and [[Mesarthim|γ]] [[Aries (constellation)|Arietis]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Horse's head
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 0° – 13°20′ Mesha
*''Tropical zodiac'': 26° Aries – 9°20′ Taurus
Line 186 ⟶ 188:
|-
| 2
||'''[[Bharani]]'''<br/>"
||[[35 Arietis|35]], [[39 Arietis|39]], and [[41 Arietis|41]] [[Aries (constellation)|Arietis]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': [[Yoni]], the female organ of reproduction
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 13° 20′ – 26°40′ Mesha
*''Tropical zodiac'': 9° 20′ – 22° 40′ Taurus
Line 197 ⟶ 199:
|-
| 3
||'''[[Krittika|Kṛttikā]]'''<br/>
||[[Pleiades]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': [[Knife]] or [[spear]]
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 26°40′ Mesha – 10° Vrishabha
*''Tropical zodiac'': 22° 40′ Taurus – 6° Gemini
Line 208 ⟶ 210:
|-
| 4
||'''[[Rohini (nakshatra)|Rohiṇi]]'''<br>"
||[[Aldebaran]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Cart or [[chariot]], [[temple]], [[banyan tree]]
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 10° – 23°20′ Vrishabha
*''Tropical zodiac'': 6° – 19°20′ Gemini
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|-
| 5
||'''[[Mrigashīrsha|Mṛgaśīrā]]'''<br/>"
||[[Meissa|λ]], [[Phi Orionis|φ]] [[Orion (constellation)|Orionis]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Deer's head
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 23° 20′ Vrishabha – 6° 40′ Mithuna
*''Tropical zodiac'': 19° 20′ Gemini – 2° 40′ Cancer
Line 230 ⟶ 232:
|-
| 6
||'''[[Ardra Nakshatra|Ārdrā]]'''<br/>"
||[[Betelgeuse]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Teardrop, diamond, a human head
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 6° 40′ – 20° Mithuna
*''Tropical zodiac'': 2° 40′ – 16° Cancer
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|-
| 7
||'''[[Punarvasu]]'''
||[[Castor (star)|Castor]] and [[Pollux (star)|Pollux]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'' : Bow and quiver
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 20° Mithuna – 3°20′ Karka
*''Tropical zodiac'': 16° – 29°20′ Cancer
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|-
| 8
||'''[[Pushya|Puṣya]]'''<br/>"
||[[Asellus Borealis|γ]], [[Asellus Australis|δ]] and [[Theta Cancri|θ]] [[Cancer (constellation)|Cancri]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Cow's udder, [[Lotus Flower|lotus]], arrow and circle
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 3° 20′ – 16° 40′ Karka
*''Tropical zodiac'': 29° 20′ Cancer – 12° 40′ Leo
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|-
| 9
||'''[[Āshleshā|Āśleṣā]]'''<br/>"
||[[Delta Hydrae|δ]], [[Epsilon Hydrae|ε]], [[Eta Hydrae|η]], [[Rho Hydrae|ρ]], and [[Sigma Hydrae|σ]] [[Hydra (constellation)|Hydrae]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Serpent
*''Deity'': [[Nāga|Nagas]], divine race of half-human, half-serpent beings that reside in the [[Patala]]
*''Indian zodiac'': 16° 40′ – 30° Karka
*''Tropical zodiac'': 12° 40′ – 26° Leo
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|-
| 10
||'''[[Maghā]]'''<br/>"
||[[Regulus]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Royal Throne
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 0° – 13° 20′ Simha
*''Tropical zodiac'': 26° Leo – 9° 20′ Virgo
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|-
| 11
||'''[[Purva Phalguni (Nakshatra)|Pūrva Phalgunī]]'''<br>"
||[[Zosma|δ]] and [[Theta Leonis|θ]] [[Leo (constellation)|Leonis]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Front legs of bed, hammock, fig tree
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 13° 20′ – 26°40′ Simha
*''Tropical zodiac'': 9° 20′ – 22°40′ Virgo
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|-
| 12
||'''[[#List of Nakshatras|Uttara Phalgunī]]'''<br/>"
||[[Denebola]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Four legs of bed, hammock
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 26° 40′ Simha- 10° Kanya
*''Tropical zodiac'': 22° 40′ Virgo – 6° Libra
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|-
| 13
||'''[[Hasta (nakshatra)|Hasta]]'''<br/>"
||[[Alpha Corvi|α]], [[Beta Corvi|β]], [[Gienah|γ]], [[Algorab|δ]] and [[Minkar|ε]] [[Corvus (constellation)|Corvi]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Hand or fist
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 10° – 23° 20′ Kanya
*''Tropical zodiac'': 6° – 19° 20′ Libra
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|-
| 14
||'''[[Chitra (nakshatra)|Chitrā]]'''<br/>"
||[[Spica]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Bright jewel or pearl
*''Deity'': [[Tvastar]]/[[Vishvakarman|Vishwakarma]], artisan god
*''Indian zodiac'': 23° 20′ Kanya – 6° 40′ Tula
*''Tropical zodiac'': 19° 20′ Libra – 2° 40′ Scorpio
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|-
| 15
||'''[[Svati|Svātī]]'''<br/>"
||[[Arcturus]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Shoot of plant, coral
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 6° 40′ – 20° Tula
*''Tropical zodiac'': 2° 40′ – 16° Scorpio
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|-
| 16
||'''[[Vishākhā|Viśākhā]]'''<br/>"
|| [[Alpha Librae|α]], [[Beta Librae|β]], [[Gamma Librae|γ]] and [[Iota Librae|ι]] [[Libra (constellation)|Librae]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Triumphal arch, potter's wheel
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 20° Tula – 3° 20′ Vrishchika
*''Tropical zodiac'': 16° – 29° 20′ Scorpio
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|-
| 17
||'''[[Anuradha (nakshatra)|Anurādhā]]'''<br/> "
|| [[Acrab|β]], [[Dschubba|δ]] and [[Pi Scorpii|π]] [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpionis]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Triumphal archway, lotus, bamboo
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 3° 20′ – 16° 40′ Vrishchika
*''Tropical zodiac'': 29° 20′ Scorpio – 12° 40′ Sagittarius
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|-
| 18
||'''[[Jyeshtha (nakshatra)|Jyeṣṭha]]'''<br/> "
|| [[Antares|α]], [[Sigma Scorpii|σ]], and [[Tau Scorpii|τ]] [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpionis]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': circular amulet, umbrella, earring
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 16° 40′ – 30° Vrishchika
*''Tropical zodiac'': 12° 40′ – 26° Sagittarius
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|-
| 19
||'''[[Mula (astrology)|Mūlā]]'''<br/>"
|| [[Epsilon Scorpii|ε]], [[Zeta Scorpii|ζ]], [[Eta Scorpii|η]], [[Sargas|θ]], ι, [[Girtab|κ]], [[Shaula|λ]], [[Mu Scorpii|μ]] and [[Jabbah|ν]] [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpionis]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Bunch of roots tied together, elephant goad
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 0° – 13° 20′ Dhanus
*''Tropical zodiac'': 26° Sagittarius – 9° 20′ Capricorn
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|-
| 20
||'''[[Purva Ashadha|Pūrva Āṣāḍhā]]'''<br/>"
||[[Kaus Medius|δ]] and [[Kaus Australis|ε]] [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarii]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Elephant tusk, fan, winnowing basket
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 13° 20′ – 26° 40′ Dhanus
*''Tropical zodiac'': 9° 20′ – 22° 40′ Capricorn
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|-
| 21
||'''[[Uttara Ashadha|Uttara Āṣāḍhā]]'''<br/>"
||[[Ascella|ζ]] and [[Sigma Sagittarii|σ]] [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarii]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Elephant tusk, small bed
*''Deity'': [[Visvedevas]], the most comprehensive gathering of the gods, a classification in which no deity is stated to be omitted
*''Indian zodiac'': 26° 40′ Dhanus – 10° Makara
*''Tropical zodiac'': 22° 40′ Capricorn – 6° Aquarius
|| [[Image:Sagittarius constellation map.svg|100px]]
|-
| *{{refn|group=note| Abhijit is the 22nd lunar mansion in the Indian system of 28 nakshatras. According to traditional beliefs, it is not necessarily a separate nakshatra per se, but rather a division within the sidereal Capricorn sign, spanning from the fourth pada of Uttara Ashadha to the first pada of Shravana.}}
||'''[[Abhijit (nakshatra)|
||[[Vega|ζ]] and [[Lyra|σ]] [[Lyra (constellation)|Lyrae]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Indian zodiac'': 6° 40′ Makara – 10° 53′ Makara
|| [[Image:Lyra constellation map.svg|100px]]
|-
|
||'''[[Shravana|Śravaṇa]]'''<br/> "To Hear"
||[[Altair|α]], [[Alshain|β]] and [[Tarazed|γ]] [[Aquila (constellation)|Aquilae]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Ear or Three Footprints
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 10° – 23° 20′ Makara
*''Tropical zodiac'': 6° – 19° 20′ Aquarius
|| [[Image:Aquila constellation map.svg|100px]]
|-
|
||'''[[Dhanishta|Dhaniṣṭhā]]''' <br/>"
||[[Alpha Delphini|α]], [[Beta Delphini|β]], [[Gamma Delphini|γ]] and [[Delta Delphini|δ]] [[Delphinus|Delphini]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Drum or flute
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 23° 20′ Makara – 6° 40′ Kumbha
*''Tropical zodiac'' 19° 20′ Aquarius – 2° 40′ Pisces
|| [[Image:Delphinus constellation map.svg|100px]]
|-
|
||'''[[Shatabhisha|Śatabhiṣa]]'''<br/>"
|| [[Sadachbia]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Empty circle, 1,000 flowers or stars
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 6° 40′ – 20° Kumbha
*''Tropical zodiac'': 2° 40′ – 16° Pisces
|| [[File:Aquarius constellation map.svg|100px]]
|-
|
||'''[[Purva Bhadrapada|Pūrva Bhādrapada]]'''<br/>"
|| [[Alpha Pegasi|α]] and [[Scheat|β]] [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasi]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Swords or two front legs of funeral cot, man with two faces
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 20° Kumbha – 3° 20′ Meena
*''Tropical zodiac'': 16° – 29° 20′ Pisces
|| [[Image:Pegasus constellation map.svg|100px]]
|-
|
||'''[[Uttara Bhādrapadā|Uttara Bhādrapada]]'''<br/>"
|| [[Gamma Pegasi|γ]] [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasi]] and [[Alpheratz|α]] [[Andromeda (constellation)|Andromedae]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Twins, back legs of funeral cot, snake in the water
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 3° 20′ – 16° 40′ Meena
*''Tropical zodiac'': 29° 20′ Pisces – 12° 40′ Aries
|| [[Image:Andromeda constellation map (1).png|100px]]
|-
|
||'''[[Revati (nakshatra)|Revatī]]'''<br/> "
|| [[Zeta Piscium|ζ]] [[Pisces (constellation)|Piscium]]
||
*''Astrological
*''Symbol'': Fish or a pair of fish, drum
*''
*''Indian zodiac'': 16° 40′ – 30° Meena
*''Tropical zodiac'': 12° 40′ – 26° Aries
Line 483 ⟶ 485:
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
Each of the 27 Nakshatras cover 13° 20’ of the [[ecliptic]] each. Each Nakshatra is also divided into quarters or ''padas'' of 3° 20’, and the below table lists the appropriate starting sound to name the child. The 27 nakshatras, each with 4 padas, give 108, which is the number of beads in a
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0"
|-
!#!! Name !! Pada 1 !! Pada 2 !! Pada 3 !! Pada 4 !!
|-
| 1|| [[Ashvini|Aśvini]] (अश्विनी)|| चु Chu || चे Che || चो Cho || ला La || Ketu ||
|-
| 2|| [[Bharani|Bharaṇī]] (भरणी)|| ली Li || लू Lu || ले Le || लो Lo ||
|-
| 3 || [[Kṛttikā]] (कृत्तिका)|| अ A || ई I || उ U || ए E ||
|-
| 4 || [[Rohini (nakshatra)|Rohiṇī]] (रोहिणी) || ओ O || वा Va/Ba || वी Vi/Bi || वु Vu/Bu ||
|-
| 5 || [[Mrigashīrsha|Mṛgaśīrṣā]] (मृगशीर्षा)|| वे Ve/Be || वो Vo/Bo || का Ka || की Ke ||
|-
| 6 || [[Ardra Nakshatra|Ārdrā]] (आर्द्रा)|| कु Ku || घ Gha || ङ Ng/Na || छ Chha || Rahu || Shiva
|-
| 7 || [[Punarvasu]] (पुनर्वसु)|| के Ke || को Ko || हा Ha || ही Hi ||
|-
| 8 || [[Pushya|Puṣya]] (पुष्य) || हु Hu || हे He || हो Ho || ड Da ||
|-
| 9 || [[Ashlesha (nakshatra)|Āśleṣā]] (आश्लेषा)|| डी Di || डू Du || डे De || डो Do ||
|-
| 10 || [[Maghā]] (मघा)|| मा Ma || मी Mi || मू Mu || मे Me || Ketu ||
|-
| 11 || Pūrva or [[Pūrva Phalgunī|Pūrva Phālgunī]] (पूर्व फाल्गुनी) || नो Mo || टा Ta || टी Ti || टू Tu ||
|-
| 12 || Uttara or [[Uttara Phalgunī|Uttara Phālgunī]] (उत्तर फाल्गुनी)|| टे Te || टो To || पा Pa || पी Pi ||
|-
| 13 || [[Hasta (nakshatra)|Hasta]] (हस्त)|| पू Pu || ष Sha || ण Na || ठ Tha ||
|-
| 14 || [[Spica|Chitrā]] (चित्रा)|| पे Pe || पो Po || रा Ra || री Ri ||
|-
| 15 || [[Svati|Svāti]] (स्वाति) || रू Ru || रे Re || रो Ro || ता Ta || Rahu ||
|-
| 16 || [[Vishākhā]] (विशाखा)|| ती Ti || तू Tu || ते Te || तो To ||
|-
| 17 || [[Anuradha (nakshatra)|Anurādhā]] (अनुराधा)|| ना Na || नी Ni || नू Nu || ने Ne ||
|-
| 18 || [[Jyeshtha (nakshatra)|Jyeṣṭhā]] (ज्येष्ठा)|| नो No || या Ya || यी Yi || यू Yu ||
|-
| 19 || [[Mula (nakshatra)|Mūla]] (मूल)|| ये Ye || यो Yo || भा Bha || भी Bhi || Ketu || Varuna
|-
| 20 || [[Purva Ashadha|Pūrva Aṣāḍhā
|-
| 21 || [[Uttara Ashadha|Uttara Aṣāḍhā]] (
|-
| 22 || [[Shravana|Śrāvaṇa]] (श्रवण)|| खी Ju/Khi || खू Je/Khu || खे Jo/Khe || खो Gha/Kho ||
|-
| 23 || Śrāviṣṭhā (श्रविष्ठा) or [[Dhanishta|Dhaniṣṭhā]] (धनिष्ठा)|| गा Ga || गी Gi || गु Gu || गे Ge ||
|-
| 24 || [[Shatabhisha|Śatabhiṣā]] (शतभिषा) || गो Go || सा Sa || सी Si || सू Su || Rahu || Varuna
|-
| 25 || [[Pūrva Bhādrapadā]] (पूर्वभाद्रपदा)|| से Se || सो So || दा Da || दी Di ||
|-
| 26 || [[Uttara Bhādrapadā]] (उत्तरभाद्रपदा)|| दू Du || थ Tha || झ Jha || ञ
|-
| 27 || [[Revati (nakshatra)|Revati]] (रेवती)|| दे De || दो Do || च Cha || ची Chi ||
|}
Line 547 ⟶ 549:
* [[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar]]
* [[List of Natchathara
* [[Navagraha]]
* [[Panchangam]]
Line 555 ⟶ 557:
* [[Tithi]]
* [[Nityayoga]]
* [[
* [[Vāra (astronomy)|Vāra]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{notelist}}
==References==
|