Ness Ziona: Difference between revisions

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In 1878, the [[Germany|German]] [[Templers (religious believers)|Templer]] Gustav Reisler purchased lands in [[Wadi Hunayn]], planted an orchard, and lived there with his family. The name "'''Wadi-Chanin'''", with its German orthography, became the standard Western name for the place for several decades to come. After losing his wife and children to malaria, Reisler returned to Europe. He travelled to [[Odessa]] in 1882 and met Reuben Lehrer, born Patchornik (1832-19171832–1917),<ref name= EGL>Levitan, Eilat Gordin Levitan,. [http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/kurenets/k_pages/patchornik.html ''Patchornik Family'']. Retrieved 20 Jan 2024.</ref> a religiously observant Russian Jew with Zionist ideals, who had his own farmland there. Reisler traded his parcel of land in Palestine for Lehrer's land in Russia.<ref name= muni>{{cite web |urlauthor=http://www.ness-ziona.muni.il/Htmls/English/ARTICLE.html Young, Daphne |title= Ness Ziona - The Flag of Zion! |author=Young, Daphne |publisher= Ness Ziona Municipality |url=http://www.ness-ziona.muni.il/Htmls/English/ARTICLE.html |access-date= February 18, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430210950/http://www.ness-ziona.muni.il/Htmls/English/ARTICLE.html |archive-date=April 30, 2010 }}</ref><ref name= lex>{{cite book |last= HaReuveni |first= Immanuel |title= Lexicon of the Land of Palestine |publisher= Miskal - Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books |languagelang=he |year= 1999 |first=Immanuel|last=HaReuveni|pagespage= 692 |isbn=965-448-413-7}}</ref><ref name= NZC>{{Cite web |title= יצירת קשר |trans-title= |url=http://www.nzc.org.il/?CategoryID=209&ArticleID=377|title=יצירת קשר|access-date= 2015-02-18 |archive-date= 2015-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218035002/http://www.nzc.org.il/?CategoryID=209&ArticleID=377 |url-status= live}}</ref>

Reuben Lehrer made [[aliyah]] (emigrated to Palestine) with his eldest son Moshe in 1883, bringing over his wife and another four of his children the following year.<ref name= muni/><ref name= lex/><ref name= NZC/>

Lehrer placed advertisements near [[Jaffa]] port asking others to join him offering plots in his land for a small amount of money. The pioneers that arrived established a settlement named '''Tel Aviv''' (the city of [[Tel Aviv]] did not yet exist), although the area was still known as Wadi Chanin, from its Arabic name, Wadi Hunayn.<ref name= lex/>

The settlement (colony, [[moshava]]) was known for a while as Wadi Chanin after the local Arab village,{{dubious |reason=See talk-page: Hebrew article has the village being est. only in 1926 by farmers from Sarafand. Maybe simply named for wadi? |date= January 2024}} and as '''Nahalat Reuben''' (lit. "Reuben's Estate") after Reuben Lehrer.

In 1888, Avraham Yalovsky, a [[smith (metalwork)|blacksmith]], was killed there defending his workshop from Arab gangs.<ref>{{cite web |title= Yalovsky, Avraham - Life Story |lang= he |website= izkor.gov.il, part of the state commemoration project "Yizkor", organized by the Ministry of Defense |url=http://www.izkor.gov.il/izkor86.asp?t=505868 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410141949/http://www.izkor.gov.il/izkor86.asp?t=505868 |url-status= dead |archive-date= April 10, 2009 |access-date= 2008-10-22|language=he}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Ness Ziona (1891)}}Ness Ziona (1891)===

In 1891, Michael Halperin bought more land in the wadi. He gathered a group of people on the "Hill of Love"{{clarify|Looks likeThe GoogleEnglish Translatesource wentwas overzealous with translaing everything. Hebrew name? Or maybe Arabic? |date= January 2024}}, where he arrived with the [[Mahane Yehuda guards|"Mahane Yehuda"]] mounted guards company he had founded,<ref name= post>{{cite web |title= The Israeli Flag (definitive stamp), 11/2010. Four Milestones in the History of the Flag: Nezz Ziona, 1891 |publisher=[[Israel Post]], The [[Israel Philatelic Service]] |url= https://services.israelpost.co.il/PostBoolaee.nsf/Allbulim/25823662C6A509C6C22577D100379ECC/$File/Israeli%20Flag.pdf |access-date= 22 January 2024}}</ref> and unfurled a blue and white flag emblazoned with the [[Star of David]] and the words "Ness Ziona" ('Banner oftoward Zion' or 'Miracle of Zion') written in gold. The name is based on a verse from the [[Book of Jeremiah]], {{bibleref|Jeremiah| 4:6}}: "Raise a standard toward Zion...". This flag was similartaken by Halperin to the [[flagFirst ofZionist Israel|official flagCongress]] adoptedseven atyears later, where it became the model for the [[Firstflag Zionistof CongressIsrael|official flag]] sevenadopted yearsby laterthe nascent movement.<ref name= muni/><ref name= lex/>

===United Arab-Jewish village===

According to a [[1922 census of Palestine |census]] conducted in 1922]] by the [[Mandate for Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Ness Ziona had a population of 319 Jews.<ref name=" Census1922">Barron, (1923,). Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n24/mode/1up 22].</ref> By the 1931 [[census]], it had increased to 1,013 inhabitants, in 221 houses.<ref name=" Census1931">Mills, (1932), p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 22].</ref> In 1921 a pump and a system of water pipes were installed. In 1924 the British Army contracted the Israel Electric Company{{dubious |Improbable comp. name, "Israel" in 1920s. |date= June 2024}} for wired electric power. The contract allowed the Electric Company to extend the grid beyond the original geographical limits that had been projected by the concession it was given. The high-tension line that exceeded the limits of the original concession ran along some major towns and agricultural settlements, offering extended connections to the Jewish settlements of Rishon Le-Zion, Nes-Ziona and Rehovot (in spite of their proximity to the high-tension line, the Arab towns of Ramleh and Lydda remained unconnected).<ref>Shamir, Ronen (2013). ''Current Flow: The Electrification of Israel''. Stanford: Stanford University Press.</ref>

The Great Synagogue of Ness Ziona was built in the 1920s, during the period of the [[Third Aliyah]].<ref>"Religious Renewal", ''[[Haaretz]]'', November 22, 2019.</ref>

In 1935, a temporary workers' camp named [[Givat Michael]] after Michael Halperin, was established near Ness Ziona. It was meant as a training camp for new settlement groups ("[[gar'in]]"), two of which went on to establish the [[kibbutz]]im of [[Gal On]] and [[Mesilot]].

Ness Ziona was attacked by Arab forces during the [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936–39 Arab Revolt]], and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The outlying villages of Kfar Aharon and Tirat Shalom (now part of Ness Ziona) frequently exchanged fire with the Arab villages [[Al-Qubayba, Ramle|al-Qubayba]] and [[Zarnuqa]] (now western [[Rehovot]]).<ref name="110 years"110years>{{cite book |author=Regev, Yoav |title= Ness Ziona - 110 Years |year= 1993|author=Regev, Yoav|location= Tel Aviv, Israel|pages= 48–51 |languagelang=he}}</ref> Most of Ness Ziona's youth joined the [[Haganah]] to fight off these threats. On May 15, 1948, [[Sarafand al-Kharab]] was evacuated of Arab inhabitants, and on May 19, al-Qubayba and Zarnuqa were conquered by the [[Givati Brigade]]. Much of the territory abandoned by the fleeing Arab residents of nearby villages was added to Ness Ziona, increasing its size from {{convert|8|to|15.3|km²|1|abbr=out}} immediately after the war.<ref name="110 years"110years/>

During the war, Ness Ziona's population almost tripled to become 4,446 (according to an October 23, 1949 survey), and until 1950 the local council absorbed 9,000 ''[[aliyah |olim]]'', most of whom were housed in ''[[ma'abarot]]'' (provisional housing camps). In 1952, a new industrial zone was approved for the town on an area of 70 [[dunam]]s. In 1955, a second industrial zone was approved.<ref name="110 years"110years/>

Ness Ziona is located on the [[Israeli coastal plain]] approximately {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} inland of the [[Mediterranean Sea]], to the south of [[Tel Aviv]]. The city is bordered to the north by [[Rishon LeZion]], to the east by [[Be'er Ya'akov]], and to the south by [[Rehovot]]. [[Beit Hanan]], [[Beit Oved]], [[Ayanot]] [[youth village]] and [[Kibbutz]] [[Netzer Sereni]] also border the city. The city has been designed to have a rural character due to urban planning that bans the construction of buildings higher than eight stories. Property values have risen by 30 percent in recent years.<ref name=" haaretz">{{cite web |urlauthor=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/946516.html Lieberman, Guy |title= Watch out, Tel Aviv!|author=Lieberman, Guy|publisher=[[Haaretz]] |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/946516.html |access-date= 2008-04-14}}</ref> Ness Ziona is located in the [[Gush Dan]] metropolitan area.

*[[Tamir Nabaty]] (born 1991), chess grandmasterGrandmaster

*[[Nahala (disambiguation)|Nahala]] (disambiguation page), Hebrew word for heritage or estate widely used for toponyms in Israel