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{{Infobox
| name =Nezahualcoyotl
|
| image= NezahualcoyotlGardenTADF.JPG
| caption =Bronze casting done of Nezahualcoyotl by [[Jesús Fructuoso Contreras]] in the [[Garden of the Triple Alliance]] located in the [[historic center of Mexico City]].
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| predecessor =[[Ixtlilxochitl I]]
| successor =[[Nezahualpilli]]
| issue = [[Nezahualpilli]]
| father =[[Ixtlilxochitl I]]
| mother = Matlalcihuatzin
| spouse
| birth_date ={{birth-date|April 28, 1402}}
| birth_place =[[Texcoco, State of Mexico|Texcoco]]
| death_date ={{death date and age|June 4, 1472|April
| death_place =[[Texcoco, State of Mexico|Texcoco]]
|}}
'''Nezahualcoyotl''' ({{lang-nci|Nezahualcoyōtl}} {{IPA-nah|nesawalˈkojoːtɬ|||}}, {{audio|Nesawalkoyotl.ogg|modern Nahuatl pronunciation}}) (April 28, 1402 – June 4, 1472) was a scholar, philosopher (''[[tlamatini]]''), warrior, architect, poet and ruler (''[[tlatoani]]'') of the city-state of [[Texcoco (altepetl)|Texcoco]] in [[pre-Columbian era]] [[Mexico]]. Unlike other high-profile Mexican figures from the century preceding [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire]], Nezahualcoyotl was not fully [[Mexica]]; his father's people were the [[Acolhua]], another Nahuan people settled in the eastern part of the [[Valley of Mexico]], on the coast of [[Lake Texcoco]]. His mother, however, was the sister of [[Chimalpopoca]], the Mexica king of [[Tenochtitlan]].
He is best remembered for his poetry; for his [[Hamlet]]-like biography as a dethroned prince with a victorious return,
==Name==
The Nahuatl name Nezahualcoyotl is commonly translated as “hungry coyote” or “fasting coyote.” However, more accurately, it means "coyote with a fasting collar," from ''nezahualli'', a collar made out of bands of paper twisted together. It was worn by those fasting to show others that they
==Early life==
Born '''Acolmiztli''', he was the son of [[Ixtlilxochitl I]] and Matlalcihuatzin,<ref name="martinez">{{cite book |last=Martínez | first=José |title=Nezahualcoyotl, Vida y Obra |publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica |location=México |year=1972 |page=11 |isbn=968-16-0509-8 }}</ref> the daughter of [[Huitzilihuitl]]. Though born heir to a throne, his youth was not marked by princely luxury. His father had set [[Tetzcoco (altepetl)|Texcoco]] against the powerful city of [[Azcapotzalco (altepetl)|Azcapotzalco]], ruled by the [[Tepanec]]. In 1418, when the young prince was fifteen, his father was assassinated.
The Tepanecs of Azcapotzalco, led by [[Tezozomoc (Azcapotzalco)|Tezozomoc]], conquered Texcoco, and Acolmiztli had to flee into exile in Huexotzinco. After various adventures, during which he took the name Nezahualcoyotl, the prince returned to stay in [[Tenochtitlan]] in 1422. His aunts bribed the Tepanec king and allowed for him to be partially educated as a [[Mexica]]. His exposure to Mexica culture and politics would influence how he later governed Texcoco. After Tezozomoc's son [[Maxtla]] became ruler of Azcapotzalco, Nezahualcoyotl returned to Texcoco, but had to go into exile a second time when he learned that Maxtla plotted against his life.
==The reconquest of Texcoco==
[[File:Nezahualcoyotl.jpg|thumb|Nezahualcoyotl as depicted in the 16th century [[Codex Ixtlilxochitl]].]]
As the ''[[tlatoani]]'' [[Itzcoatl]] of [[Tenochtitlan]] requested help from the Huexotzincans against the
The war was declared a shared and single effort, and the coalition army of more than 100,000 men under the command of Nezahualcoyotl and other important ''[[tlatoque]]'' headed towards [[Azcapotzalco (altepetl)|
The campaign was divided into three parts. One army attacked [[Acolman]] to the north and the second [[Coatlinchan]] to the south. A contingent led by Nezahualcoyotl himself was intended to attack Acolhuacan, only after providing support, upon request, to the first two armies. The coalition conquered Acolman and [[Otompan|Otumba]], sacking them only due to the sudden Tepanec siege of Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco.
In a tactical move, the three armies united again and then divided into two. One of them, under Nezahualcoyotl, headed towards [[Texcoco (altepetl)|Texcoco]], laying siege to Acolhuacan on its way, while the other attacked and destroyed [[Azcapotzalco (altepetl)|
After their victory, the coalition began a series of attacks
A decade later, eager to produce a noble heir, Nezahualcoyotl married Azcalxochitzin after the death of her first husband, [[Cuacuauhtzin|King Cuahcuauhtzin]] of Tepechpan.<ref name="Tepechpan">{{cite book|title=The Tira de Tepechpan: Negotiating Place Under Aztec and Spanish Rule|author=Lori Boornazian Diel |publisher=University of Texas Press |date=2009 |location=Austin|language=English}}</ref>
== Legal system
[[File:Nezahualpiltzintli.jpg|thumb|Son of Nezahualcóyotl: [[Nezahualpilli]]|alt=Nezahualpiltzintli.jpg]]
According to [[Toribio de Benavente Motolinia|Motolinia]], Nezahualcoyotl practiced his strict laws judiciously and imposed them on all his subjects. He purportedly killed four of his sons for their sexual relationships with his concubines.
Nezahualcoyotl, himself half Mexica, adopted the Mexica religious and legal
==Achievements==
[[File:Glifo_prehispánico_de_Nezahualcóyotl.svg|thumb|right|250px|
Prehispanic glyph of Nezahualcóyotl. Note the nezahualli or fasting collar.]]
Revered as a sage and poet-king, Nezahualcoyotl gathered a group of followers called the ''[[tlamatini]]'', generally translated as "wise men
Nezahualcoyotl is credited with cultivating what came to be known as Texcoco's Golden Age, which brought the rule of law, scholarship and artistry to the city and set high standards that influenced surrounding cultures. Nezahualcoyotl designed a code of law based on the division of power, which created the councils of finance, war, justice and culture (the last actually called the "Council of Music"). Under his rule, Texcoco flourished as the intellectual center of the [[Aztec Empire|Triple Alliance]] and was home to an extensive library that, tragically, did not survive the Spanish conquest. He also established an academy of music and welcomed worthy entrants from all regions of [[Mesoamerica]].
Texcoco has been called "the Athens of the Western World,"
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:MXN 100.jpg|thumb|Nezahualcoyotl on the Mexican 100 peso bill]] -->
Many believe, however, that of all the creative intellects nurtured by this Texcocan "Athens," by far the greatest belonged to the king himself. He is considered one of the great designers and architects of the pre-Hispanic era. He is said to have personally designed the "albarrada de Nezahualcoyotl" ("dike of Nezahualcoyotl") to separate the fresh and brackish waters of [[Lake Texcoco]], a system that was still in use over a century after his death.
==Legacy==
The date of Nezahualcoyotl's death is recorded as being June 4, 1472
His great-grandson [[Juan Bautista Pomar]] is credited with the
==Poetry==
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[[File:NezaFountainMonumentChapultepec4.JPG|thumb|Monument to Nezahualcoyotl in the [[Chapultepec|Bosque de Chapultepec.]]]]
One of Nezahualcoyotl's historical legacies is as a poet,
Poems attributed to Nezahualcoyotl include:<ref>{{cite book |author=León-Portilla |first=Miguel
*''In chololiztli'' (The Flight)
*''Ma zan moquetzacan'' (Stand Up!)
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[[Category:Nahuatl-language poets]]
[[Category:People from Texcoco, State of Mexico]]
[[Category:Mexican philosophers]]
[[Category:Aztec philosophy]]
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