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| native_name = {{native name|sr-Cyrl|Ниш|italics=off}}
| native_name_lang = sr
| official_name = {{lang|sr|Град Ниш<br />Grad Niš}}<br />City of Niš
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Serbia|City]]
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/3/2/2
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| image1 = Nis_center.JPG
| caption1 = Panorama of Niš
| image2 =
| caption2 =
| image3 =
| caption3 = [[Niš
| image4 = Wiki.Niš foto Zgrada Sreskog načelstva 146.jpg
| caption4 = Palace of Justice
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| government_type =
| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Niš|Mayor]]
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[List of political parties in Serbia|Ruling parties]]
| leader_name1 = [[Serbian Progressive Party|SNS]]/[[Socialist Party of Serbia|SPS]]/[[Serbian Radical Party|SRS]]
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'''Niš''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|iː|ʃ}}; {{lang-sr-Cyrl|Ниш}}, {{IPA-sr|nîːʃ|sr|Nish.ogg}}; [[names of European cities in different languages (M–P)#N|names in other languages]]), less often spelled in English as '''Nish''', is the [[list of cities in Serbia|third largest city]] in [[Serbia]] and the administrative center of the [[Nišava District]]. It is located in the [[Southern Serbia (Geographical Region)|southern part of Serbia]]. {{As of|2011|alt=According to the 2011 census}}, the city proper has a population of 182,797, while its administrative area (City of Niš) has a population of 260,237 inhabitants.<ref name=census/>
Several [[Roman emperor|Roman emperors]] were born in Niš or used it as a residence: [[Constantine the Great]], the first Christian emperor and the founder of [[Constantinople]], [[Constantius III]], [[Constans]], [[Vetranio]], [[Julian (emperor)|Julian]], [[Valentinian I]], [[Valens]]; and [[Justin I]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 24, 2016|title=Traces of Empire: Serbia's Roman Heritage|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2016/10/24/traces-of-empire-serbia-s-roman-heritage-10-07-2016/|access-date=December 16, 2020|website=Balkan Insight|language=en-US}}</ref> Emperor [[Claudius Gothicus]] decisively defeated the [[Goths]] at the [[Battle of Naissus]] (present-day Niš).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ljubomirović|first=Irena V.|title=Naissus: A review of political and economic circumstances in the city from the 1st to the 5th century|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336839671|journal=Zbornik radova Filozofskog Fakulteta u Prištini|via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> Later playing a prominent role in the history of the Byzantine Empire, the city's past would earn it the nickname ''Imperial City.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.ni.rs/index-e.html|title=City of Nis|publisher=Ni.rs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220133129/http://www.ni.rs/index-e.html|archive-date=February 20, 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=February 18, 2013}}</ref>''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metimes.com/storyview.php?StoryID=20070515-082637-6667r|title=Latest news, Latest News Headlines, news articles, news video, news photos - UPI.com|date=February 14, 2013|publisher=Metimes.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095610/http://www.metimes.com/storyview.php?StoryID=20070515-082637-6667r|archive-date=September 29, 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=February 18, 2013}}</ref>
After about 400 years of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule, the city was liberated in 1878 and became part of the [[Kingdom of Serbia|Principality of Serbia]], though not without great bloodshed—remnants of which can be found throughout the city. Today, Niš is one of the most important economic centers in Serbia, especially in the electronics, mechanical engineering, textile, and tobacco industries. [[Niš Constantine the Great Airport|Constantine the Great Airport]] is Niš's international airport. The city is also the seat of the [[University of Niš]], the [[Eparchy of Niš]] and the Command of [[Serbian Army]].
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In 1870, Niš was included in the [[Bulgarian Exarchate]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire: Facts on File library of world history |first1=Gábor |last1=Ágoston |first2=Bruce Alan |last2=Masters |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-1438110257 |page=104}}</ref> Before the area had been under the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]] and the [[Serbian Patriarchate of Peć]]. The city was also stipulated the area to be ceded to Bulgaria according to the [[Constantinople Conference]] in 1876.<ref>Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire; Gabor Agoston, Bruce Alan Masters; 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&dq=%22bulgarian+exarchate%22+Ni%C5%A1&pg=PA104 p. 104]</ref>
Niš was finally taken by the Serbian Army during the [[Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–1878)|Serbo–Ottoman War]] of 1876–1878. The battle for the liberation of Niš started on 29 December 1877, and the Serbian Army entered Niš on 11 January 1878, and it became a part of Serbia. The Albanian quarter was burned and some of the town's Muslim population, which the majority were Albanians, were [[Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878|forced to flee]] to the Ottoman [[vilayet of Kosovo]], resettling in [[Pristina]], while others went to Skopje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jagodić |first=Miloš |date=1998-12-01 |title=The Emigration of Muslims from the New Serbian Regions 1877/1878 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/balkanologie/265 |journal=Balkanologie. Revue d'études pluridisciplinaires |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |doi=10.4000/balkanologie.265 |s2cid=262022722 |issn=1279-7952}}</ref><ref name="Jagodić61123049">{{cite journal|last=Jagodić|first=Miloš|title=The Emigration of Muslims from the New Serbian Regions 1877/1878|url=http://balkanologie.revues.org/265|journal=Balkanologie|volume=2|issue=2|year=1998|doi=10.4000/balkanologie.265|s2cid=140637086 }} para. 6. "According to the information about the language spoken among the Muslims in the cities, we can see of which nationality they were. So, the Muslim population of Niš and Pirot consisted mostly of Turks; para. 11. "The Turks have been mostly city dwellers. It is certain, however, that part of them was of Albanian origin, because of the well-known fact that the Albanians have been very easily assimilated with Turks in the cities."; para. 23, 30, 49.</ref><ref name="Judah35">{{cite book|last=Judah|first=Tim|title=Kosovo: What everyone needs to know|year=2008|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjTRCwAAQBAJ|isbn=9780199704040|pages=35}} "This was the year that saw Serbia expanding southward and taking Nis. The Albanian quarter was burned and Albanians from the surrounding villages forced to flee."</ref><ref name="Maynard556" /> The descendants of the Albanians that resettled in parts of now [[Kosovo]], are now known as [[Muhaxhir]].<ref>Pllana, Emin (1985). "Les raisons de la manière de l'exode des refugies albanais du territoire du sandjak de Nish a Kosove (1878–1878) [The reasons for the manner of the exodus of Albanian refugees from the territory of the Sanjak of Nish to Kosovo (1878–1878)] ". ''Studia Albanica''. '''1''': 189–190.</ref> The number of remaining Muslims counted were 1,168, with many being Muslim Romani, out of the pre-war ca. 8,500.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jagodić|first=Miloš|title=The Emigration of Muslims from the New Serbian Regions 1877/1878|url=http://balkanologie.revues.org/265|journal=Balkanologie|volume=2|issue=2|year=1998|doi=10.4000/balkanologie.265|s2cid=140637086 |quote=Before the war, there were about 8 500 Muslims in Niš. 1 168 of them were listed in the first Serbian inventory in 1879. 797 Gypsy Muslims were probably included in that number95. According to the stated data, approximately 7 332 Muslims moved out from Niš.}}</ref><ref name="Maynard556">{{cite journal|last1=Geniş|first1=Şerife|last2=Maynard|first2=Kelly Lynne|title=Formation of a Diasporic Community: The history of migration and resettlement of Muslim Albanians in the Black Sea Region of Turkey|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=45|issue=4|year=2009|pages=556|doi=10.1080/00263200903009619|s2cid=143742189}} "that the Muslim Albanians of Nish were forced to leave in 1878, and that at that time most of these Nishan Albanians migrated south into Kosovo, although some went to Skopje in Macedonia."</ref> The Albanian bazaar in Niš was destroyed. 12 out of 15 mosques and about 1,300 out of 4,000 houses were torn down, while the rest of the Muslim houses were sold at discounted prices. The destruction of buildings owned by Muslims, Jews and recalcitrant Christians was followed by the widening of streets and other measures to "modernise" the town and weaken its Ottoman outlook. Albanian traders who wanted to stay were subjected to a targeted campaign of murder. The Serbian authorities subjected the Jewish community to extortion of money, arbitrary arrests, confiscation of property, forced labour and desecration of graves.<ref name="AMH">{{cite book | last=Hoare | first=M.A. | title=Serbia: A Modern History | publisher=Hurst Publishers | year=2024 | page=224}}</ref> The demographics of Niš underwent change whereby Serbs who formed half the urban population prior to 1878 became 80 percent in 1884.<ref name="Stefanovic469470">{{cite journal|last=Stefanović|first=Djordje|title=Seeing the Albanians through Serbian eyes: The Inventors of the Tradition of Intolerance and their Critics, 1804–1939|journal=European History Quarterly|volume=35|issue=3|year=2005|pages=465–492|doi=10.1177/0265691405054219|hdl=2440/124622|s2cid=144497487|hdl-access=free}} "Prior to 1878, the Serbs comprised not more than one half of the population of Nis, the largest city in the region; by 1884 the Serbian share rose to 80 per cent."</ref><ref name="AMH"/>
===Independent Serbia===
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[[File:Kazandzijsko_Nis.JPG|thumb|[[Tinkers Alley]], old urban downtown built in the first half of the 18th century.]]
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
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! Total
|-
|Agriculture, forestry and fishing||align="right"|
|-
|Mining and quarrying||align="right"|
|-
|Manufacturing||align="right"|
|-
|Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply||align="right"|
|-
|Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities||align="right"|
|-
|Construction||align="right"|3,
|-
|Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles||align="right"|
|-
|Transportation and storage||align="right"|5,
|-
|Accommodation and food services||align="right"|3,
|-
|Information and communication||align="right"|
|-
|Financial and insurance activities||align="right"|1,
|-
|Real estate activities||align="right"|
|-
|Professional, scientific and technical activities||align="right"|
|-
|Administrative and support service activities||align="right"|2,
|-
|Public administration and defense; compulsory social security||align="right"|
|-
|Education||align="right"|7,
|-
|Human health and social work activities||align="right"|7,
|-
|Arts, entertainment and recreation||align="right"|1,
|-
|Other service activities||align="right"|1,
|-
|Individual agricultural workers||align="right"|
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''Total'''||align="right"|'''
|}
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* [[Bratislav Anastasijević]] (1936–1992), musician, conductor
* [[Šaban Bajramović]] (1936–2008), [[Romani people|Romani]] singer and composer.
* [[Kornelije Kovač]] (
* [[Goran Paskaljević]] (1947–2020), movie director; raised by his grandparents in Niš 1949–63, after the divorce of his parents.
* [[Dragan Pantelić]] (b. 1951), former football goalkeeper, president of [[Radnički Niš]].
* [[Eva Haljecka Petković]] (1870–1947), doctor.
* [[Predrag Miletić]] (b. 1952), actor.
* [[Miki Manojlović]] (b. 1950), actor.
* [[Zoran Živković (handball)|Zoran Živković]] (b. 1954), handball player and coach, Olympic champion
* [[Aki Rahimovski]] (b. 1954), rock musician.▼
* [[Nenad Milosavljević]] (b. 1954), rock musician.
* [[Biljana Krstić]] (b. 1959), rock and traditional music singer and songwriter.
* [[Ana Stanić]] (b.1975), Serbian pop-rock singer
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* [[Staša Gejo]] (b. 1997), sport climber, World and European champion.
* [[Nemanja Radonjić]] (b. 1996), footballer, Serbian champion.
* [[Georgios Sinas]] ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Γεώργιος Σίνας, [[German language|German]]: ''Georg Sina''; 20 November 1783 – 18 May 1856) was an Austrian-Greek entrepreneur and banker. He became a national benefactor of [[Greece]], he was born in Niš.
== Diplomatic missions ==
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*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Košice]], Slovakia<ref name="twin"/><ref name="Košice twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html|title=Twin cities of the City of Kosice|access-date=July 27, 2013|work=Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129064424/http://www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html|archive-date=January 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Kursk]], Russia<ref name="twin"/>
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Saltdal Municipality|Saltdal]], Norway<ref name="twin"/>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bad Homburg]], Germany<ref name="twin"/>
|}
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