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{{More citations needed|date=March 2022}}{{Short description|British mathematician and computer scientist}}
{{independent sources|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Norman Fenton
| birth_dateimage = {{Birth year and age|1956}}= norman_cc.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Fenton in 2016
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1956}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = <!--{{death date and age |YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)-->
| death_place =
| nationality = British
| websitefields = {{Plainlist|▼
* [[Combinatorics]]
* [[Bayesian Networksnetworks]]▼
* [[Artificial Intelligenceintelligence]]▼
* Legal Reasoningreasoning▼
* Software Engineeringengineering▼
* [[Software Metricsmetrics]]}}▼
| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
* [[Queen Mary University of London]]
Line 12 ⟶ 26:
* [[University of Bonn]]
* [[Oxford University]]
* [[University College Dublin]] }}
| fields education = {{Plainlist|
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
▲* [[Bayesian Networks]]
* [[London School of Economics]]
▲* [[Artificial Intelligence]]
* [[University of Sheffield]] }}
▲* Legal Reasoning
| thesis_title = Representation of matroids
▲* Software Engineering
| thesis_url = <!--(or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = )-->
▲* [[Software Metrics]]}}
| thesis_year = 1981
▲| website = {{Plainlist|
| doctoral_advisor = Peter Vámos
* {{URL|https://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/~norman/}}}}
| academic_advisors =
|image = norman_cc.jpg}}
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| website = {{URL|https://www.normanfenton.com/}}
}}
 
'''Norman E. Fenton''' (born 1956) is a British mathematician whoand computer scientist. He is the Professor of Risk Information Management in the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science at [[Queen Mary University of London]]. andHe is alsoknown afor directorhis work in [[software metric]]s and is the author of Agena,the atextbook company''Software thatMetrics: specialisesA inRigorous riskApproach'', managementas forof 2014 in its criticalthird systemsedition.
 
==Education==
Fenton received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from the [[London School of Economics]] in 1978. He earned his Master of Science in 1978 and Doctor of Philosophy in 1981 at the University of Sheffield.<ref name="CV">{{cite web |title=Norman Fenton CV |url=http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/~norman/cv.htm |publisher=Queen Mary University of London |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> At Sheffield he was the second research student of Peter Vámos.<ref name="Sharp2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Sharp | first1 = Rodney Y. | title = Peter Vámos, 1940–2020 | journal = Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society | date = June 2022 | volume = 54 | issue = 3 | pages = 1145–1166 | doi = 10.1112/blms.12689| s2cid = 250234702 | doi-access = free }}</ref> His doctoral thesis was "Representations of Matroids".<ref>{{cite web |title=Publications: Dr Norman Fenton |url=https://researchpublications.qmul.ac.uk/publications/staff/21513.html |publisher=Queen Mary University of London |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
Fenton was a student at [[Ilford County High School]] for Boys (1967–1974) and studied mathematics at the [[London School of Economics]] (1975–78) gaining a first class Bachelor of Science degree and also winning the 'School Scholar' prize in 1976 and 1977. He gained his Master of Science at the [[University of Sheffield]] (1978) winning the "ATM Flett Prize", and Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield (1981) under the supervision of Peter Vamos. His thesis was Representations of Matroids". In 2007–2008 Fenton completed a course in expert witness training with Bond Solon under the auspices of Cardiff University Law Dept.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
 
==Career==
Fenton was a postdoctoral fellow in the mathematics department at [[University College Dublin]] from 1981 to 1982 and the Mathematics Institute of the [[University of Oxford]] from 1982 to 1984.<ref name="CV" /><ref name="Sharp2022" /> At the end of that period he changed fields<ref name="Sharp2022" /> and began publishing papers on structured programming with Robin W. Whitty and Agnes A. Kaposi.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Whitty | first1 = R.W. | last2 = Fenton | first2 = N.E. | last3 = Kaposi | first3 = A.A. | title = Structured programming: a tutorial guide | journal = Software & Microsystems | date = 1984 | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | page = 54 | doi = 10.1049/sm.1984.0019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = N.E. | last2 = Whitty | first2 = R.W. | last3 = Kaposi | first3 = A.A. | title = A generalised mathematical theory of structured programming | journal = Theoretical Computer Science | date = 1985 | volume = 36 | pages = 145–171 | doi = 10.1016/0304-3975(85)90040-4 | doi-access = free }}</ref> In 1984 he joined the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at [[South Bank Polytechnic]] in London where he headed the Centre for Software and Systems Engineering research group.<ref name="CV" /><ref name="Sharp2022" /> He began to publish on software metrics as well as program structure.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = N. E. |last2=Whitty |first2= R. W. | title = Axiomatic approach to Software Metrication through Program Decomposition | journal = The Computer Journal | date = 1 April 1986 | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 330–339 | doi = 10.1093/comjnl/29.4.330 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = Norman E | last2 = Kaposi | first2 = Agnes A | title = Metrics and software structure | journal = Information and Software Technology | date = July 1987 | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | pages = 301–320 | doi = 10.1016/0950-5849(87)90029-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fenton |first1=N. E. |last2=Kaposi |first2=A. A. |chapter=An Engineering Theory of Structure and Measurement | editor1 = B.A. Kitchenham|editor1-link=Barbara Kitchenham | editor2 = B. Littlewood | date = 28 February 1989 | title = Measurement for Software Control and Assurance | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | pages = 289–320 | isbn = 978-1-85166-246-3 | oclc = 18105742 }}</ref>
Between leaving school and attending university, Fenton worked for Hedge and Butler Wine Merchants (1974–1975) and also worked there in subsequent summers (1976 and 1977). After his PhD in 1981, Fenton joined [[University College Dublin]] (Mathematics Department) as Post-Doctoral Research Fellow.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} From 1982 to 1984, he was a postdoctoral research fellow at [[Oxford University]] (Mathematics Institute), and also member of [[Wolfson College, Oxford|Wolfson College]]. In 1984, he joined <!-- post-1992 university -->South Bank Polytechnic (now [[South Bank University]]) Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Eng., first as senior lecturer and then reader.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} He set up and was director of the Centre for Software & Systems Engineering before leaving in 1989 to join <!-- Not a constituent college of UoL until 2016. -->[[City, University of London|City University]] (Centre for Software Reliability).{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
 
In 1989 Fenton moved to City University as a [[Reader (academic rank)|reader]] in software reliability, and became a professor of Computing Science in 1992.<ref name="CV" />
In 1993, Fenton was appointed professor at City University (aged 34). In 1989, Fenton, along with Martin Neil and Ed Tranham, set up the company Agena Ltd in Cambridge. Fenton was CEO between 1998 and 2015 and remains a director. In 2000, Fenton joined [[Queen Mary University of London]] (School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science) where he is working as professor (part-time). He is director of the Risk and Information Management Research Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Risk and Information Management (RIM) research group {{!}} School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science {{!}} Queen Mary, University of London|url = http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/research/risk-and-information-management|publisher = Queen Mary University of London|access-date = 9 February 2016|first = School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science {{!}} Queen Mary, University of|last = London|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171231141650/http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/research/risk-and-information-management|archive-date = 31 December 2017|url-status = dead}}</ref>▼
 
▲In 1993, Fenton was appointed professor at City University (aged 34). In 19891998, Fenton, along with Martin Neil and Ed Tranham, set up the company Agena Ltd in Cambridge. Fenton was CEO between 1998 and 2015 and remains a director. In 2000, Fenton joined [[Queen Mary University of London]] (School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science) where he is workingworks as professora (part-time) professor. He is director of the Risk and Information Management Research Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Risk and Information Management (RIM) research group {{!}} School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science {{!}} Queen Mary, University of London|url = http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/research/risk-and-information-management|publisher = Queen Mary University of London|access-date = 9 February 2016|first = School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science {{!}} Queen Mary, University of London|lastaccess-date = London9 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171231141650/http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/research/risk-and-information-management|archive-date = 31 December 2017|url-status = dead}}</ref>
==Research==
Fenton currently works on quantitative risk assessment. This typically involves analysing and predicting the probabilities of unknown events using Bayesian statistical methods including especially causal, probabilistic models (Bayesian networks). This type of reasoning enables improved assessment by taking account of both statistical data and also expert judgment. In April 2014, Fenton was awarded a [[European Research Council]] Advanced Grants to focus on these issues.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://bayes-knowledge.com/|website = bayes-knowledge.com|access-date = 9 February 2016}}</ref>
 
==Selected publications==
Fenton's experience in risk assessment covers a wide range of application domains such as legal reasoning (he has been an expert witness in major criminal and civil cases), medical analytics,<ref>{{Cite journal|title = From complex questionnaire and interviewing data to intelligent Bayesian Network models for medical decision support.|last1 = Constantinou|first1 = A|year = 2016|journal = Artificial Intelligence in Medicine|volume = 67|pages = 75–93|doi = 10.1016/j.artmed.2016.01.002|pmid = 26830286|last2 = Marsh|first2 = W.|last3 = Fenton|first3 = N.|last4 = Radlinski|first4 = L.|pmc = 4839499}}</ref> vehicle reliability, embedded software, transport systems, financial services, and football prediction.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Profiting from an inefficient Association Football gambling market: Prediction, Risk and Uncertainty using Bayesian networks.|last1 = Constantinou|first1 = A.|year = 2013|journal = Knowledge-Based Systems|volume = 50|pages = 60–86|doi = 10.1016/j.knosys.2013.05.008|last2 = Fenton|first2 = N.|first3 = M.|last3 = Neil|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = pi-football: A Bayesian network model for forecasting Association Football match outcomes|last1 = Constantinou|first1 = A.|year = 2012|journal = Knowledge-Based Systems|volume = 36|pages = 322–339|doi = 10.1016/j.knosys.2012.07.008|last2 = Fenton|first2 = N.|last3 = Neil|first3 = M.|citeseerx = 10.1.1.420.4110}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Assessing Vehicle Reliability using Bayesian Networks|last1 = Neil|first1 = M|journal = Global Vehicle Reliability, Edited by J. E. Strutt and P.L. Hall. Professional Engineering Publishing|last2 = Fenton|first2 = N.|year = 2003|last3 = Forey|first3 = S.|last4 = Harris|first4 = R.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Value of Information analysis for interventional and counterfactual Bayesian networks in forensic medical sciences|journal = Artificial Intelligence in Medicine|volume = 66|pages = 41–52|doi = 10.1016/j.artmed.2015.09.002|pmid = 26395654|first1 = Anthony Costa|last1 = Constantinou|first2 = Barbaros|last2 = Yet|first3 = Norman|last3 = Fenton|first4 = Martin|last4 = Neil|first5 = William|last5 = Marsh|year = 2016|url = http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/10760}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Risk assessment and risk management of violent reoffending among prisoners|journal = Expert Systems with Applications|date = 30 November 2015|pages = 7511–7529|volume = 42|issue = 21|doi = 10.1016/j.eswa.2015.05.025|first1 = Anthony Costa|last1 = Constantinou|first2 = Mark|last2 = Freestone|first3 = William|last3 = Marsh|first4 = Norman|last4 = Fenton|first5 = Jeremy|last5 = Coid|url = http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/15804}}</ref>
;Textbooks
*{{cite book | first= Norman E. |last=Fenton | date = 1991 | title = Software Metrics: A Rigorous Approach | publisher = Chapman & Hall | isbn = 978-0-412-40440-5 | oclc = 1069086327}}
:* {{cite book | first1= Norman E. |last1=Fenton | first2= Shari Lawrence |last2=Pfleeger | date = 1997 | title = Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach | edition = 2 | publisher = International Thomson Computer Press | isbn = 978-0-534-95600-4 | oclc = 1055171425 }}
:* {{cite book | first1= Norman |last1=Fenton | first2= James |last2=Bieman | date = 1 October 2014 | title = Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach | edition = 3 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-1-4398-3822-8 | oclc = 491888703 }}
* {{cite book | first1= Norman |last1=Fenton | first2= Martin |last2=Neil | date = 3 September 2018 | title = Risk Assessment and Decision Analysis with Bayesian Networks | edition = 2 | publisher = CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group | isbn = 978-1-138-03511-9 | oclc = 1031043793 }}
 
;Articles
In March 2015, he presented the BBC documentary ''Climate Change by Numbers''.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Climate Change by Numbers – BBC Four|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02jsdrk|publisher = BBC|access-date = 9 February 2016}}</ref> Fenton has published 7 books and 230 referred articles and has provided consulting to many major companies internationally.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = N. | title = Software measurement: a necessary scientific basis | journal = IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering | date = 1994 | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 199–206 | doi = 10.1109/32.268921 }}
 
* {{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = N. | last2 = Pfleeger | first2 = S.L. | last3 = Glass | first3 = R.L. | title = Science and substance: a challenge to software engineers | journal = IEEE Software | date = 1994 | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 86–95 | doi = 10.1109/52.300094 | s2cid = 8528640 }}
Since June 2011, Fenton has led an international consortium (Bayes and the Law)<ref>{{Cite web|title = Bayes and the Law|url = https://sites.google.com/site/bayeslegal/|access-date = 9 February 2016}}</ref> of statisticians, lawyers and forensic scientists working to improve the use of statistics in court. In 2016, he led a 6-month programme<ref>{{Cite web|title = Probability and Statistics in Forensic Science {{!}} Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences|url = https://www.newton.ac.uk/event/fos|website = www.newton.ac.uk|access-date = 9 February 2016}}</ref> on probability and statistics in forensic science at the [[Isaac Newton Institute|Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences]], University of Cambridge.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} In addition to his research on risk assessment, Fenton has published work in software engineering.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = A critique of software defect prediction models|last1 = Fenton|first1 = N.|year = 1999|journal = IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering|last2 = Neil|first2 = M.|volume = 25|issue = 5|pages = 675–689|doi = 10.1109/32.815326}}</ref>{{BSN|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=July 2022}} The third edition of his book ''Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach'' was published in November 2014.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach|last1 = Fenton|first1 = N.|publisher = CRC Press|year = 2014|isbn = 9781439838228|last2 = Bieman|first2 = J.|edition = 3rd}}</ref>{{BSN|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=July 2022}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Kitchenham | first1 = B.|author1-link=Barbara Kitchenham | last2 = Pfleeger | first2 = S.L. | last3 = Fenton | first3 = N. | title = Towards a framework for software measurement validation | journal = IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering | date = 1995 | volume = 21 | issue = 12 | pages = 929–944 | doi = 10.1109/32.489070 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = N.E. | last2 = Neil | first2 = M. | title = A critique of software defect prediction models | journal = IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering | date = 1999 | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | pages = 675–689 | doi = 10.1109/32.815326 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = Norman E | last2 = Neil | first2 = Martin | title = Software metrics: successes, failures and new directions | journal = Journal of Systems and Software | date = 1999 | volume = 47 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 149–157 | doi = 10.1016/S0164-1212(99)00035-7 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = N.E. | last2 = Ohlsson | first2 = N. | title = Quantitative analysis of faults and failures in a complex software system | journal = IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering | date = 2000 | volume = 26 | issue = 8 | pages = 797–814 | doi = 10.1109/32.879815 }}
* {{cite conference | last1 = Fenton | first1 = Norman E. | last2 = Neil | first2 = Martin | title = Software metrics: Roadmap | date = 2000 | conference = ICSE '00: Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software Engineering May 2000 |pages=357–370 | doi = 10.1145/336512.336588 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Neil | first1 = Martin | last2 = Fenton | first2 = Norman | last3 = Nielson | first3 = Lars | title = Building large-scale Bayesian networks | journal = The Knowledge Engineering Review | date = 2000 | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 257–284 | doi = 10.1017/S0269888900003039 | s2cid = 11309502 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Fenton | first1 = Norman | last2 = Neil | first2 = Martin | last3 = Marsh | first3 = William | last4 = Hearty | first4 = Peter | last5 = Marquez | first5 = David | last6 = Krause | first6 = Paul | last7 = Mishra | first7 = Rajat | title = Predicting software defects in varying development lifecycles using Bayesian nets | journal = Information and Software Technology | date = 2007 | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 32–43 | doi = 10.1016/j.infsof.2006.09.001 }}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
* [http://eecs.qmul.ac.uk/people/profiles/fentonnorman.html Faculty website]
* {{Google scholar id|0APV5ScAAAAJ}}
 
{{Authority control}}
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