Okpella: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added
Mark dead link
 
(42 intermediate revisions by 24 users not shown)
Line 4:
{{Original research|date=August 2017}}
}}
{{Infobox settlement
'''Okpella'''{{efn|Okpella has been administered as one entity}} is a clan situated along [[Benin]]-[[Abuja]] federal high way.<ref>{{Citation |last=Hao |first=Yaguang |title=Political Relations and Role of the Village Chief in Grassroots Village (Sub-District) Governance |date=2023 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9829-4_9 |work=Grassroots Governance in Taiwan |pages=165–194 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Nature Singapore |isbn=978-981-19-9828-7 |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> Going by the last National Census figures, it has the population of 500,000, and is one of the three main towns that make up [[Etsako East]] Local Government Area of [[Edo State]]. Okpella is known for its natural [[sedimentary rock]] based mineral resources, which include [[limestone]], [[calcium]], and [[granite]], [[feldspar]], [[talc]], [[clay]], [[marble]], etc.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Owogram|date=2021-07-04|title=Edo State In Nigeria - Interesting Facts to Know|url=https://www.owogram.com/edo-state/|access-date=2021-07-10|website=Owogram|language=en-GB}}</ref>
| name = Okpella
| official_name = Okpella
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| nickname =
| motto = <!-- images and maps ----------->
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nigeria
<!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}} [[Edo State|Edo]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date =
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2 =
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3 = <!-- Area --------------------->
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_total = 500,652{{fact|date=May 2024}}
| population_as_of = 2023{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}
| population_footnotes =
| pop_est_as_of = 2016{{fact|date=May 2024}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = [[List of Nigerian cities by population|4th]]
| population_note = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
<!-- GDP --------------->
| demographics_type1 = [[GDP|GDP (PPP, 2015 int. Dollar)]]
| demographics1_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Year
| demographics1_info1 = 2023
| demographics1_title2 = Total
| demographics1_info2 = >
| demographics1_title3 =
| demographics1_info3 =
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| website =
| footnotes =
| timezone =
| utc_offset =
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
}}
'''Okpella'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borgatti |first=Jean M. |date=1976 |title=Okpella Masking Traditions |url=https://www.academia.edu/25513128/Okpella_Masking_Traditions |journal=African Arts |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=24 |issn=0001-9933}}</ref>{{efn|Okpella has been administered as one entity}} is a clan situated along [[Benin]]-[[Abuja]] federal high way.<ref>{{Citation |last=Hao |first=Yaguang |title=Political Relations and Role of the Village Chief in Grassroots Village (Sub-District) Governance |date=2023 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9829-4_9 |work=Grassroots Governance in Taiwan |pages=165–194 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Nature Singapore |doi=10.1007/978-981-19-9829-4_9 |isbn=978-981-19-9828-7 |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> Going by the last National Census figures, it has the population of 500,00020,652 and is one of the three main towns that make up [[Etsako East]] Local Government Area of [[Edo State]]. It is made up of two sub-clans, each with their villages; Ogute sub-clan, which is made up of Ogute-Oke, Awuyemi, Imiekuri and Imiegeli villages, and Oteku sub-clan, comprising Komunio and Iddo.<ref name=":0" /> The language spoken in the clan is Okpella, a dialect of Bini which has evolved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Origin Of Okpella |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Etsako_The_Origin_Of_Okpella.html |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> Okpella is known for its natural [[sedimentary rock]] based mineral resources, which include [[limestone]], [[calcium]], and [[granite]], [[feldspar]], [[talc]], [[clay]], [[marble]], etc.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Owogram|date=2021-07-04|title=Edo State In Nigeria - Interesting Facts to Know|url=https://www.owogram.com/edo-state/|access-date=2021-07-10|website=Owogram|language=en-GB}}</ref> and it plays host to the defunct Bendel Cement Factory, [[BUA Cement]] Factory and [[Dangote Cement|Dangote]] Cement Factory.
 
The people of Okpella are predominantly farmers, and are known to grow in large numbers, yams,<ref>{{Citation |title=How 'systemic' is a large corpus of English? |date=2008-01-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401205474_008 |work=Language, People, Numbers |pages=43–60 |publisher=BRILL |access-date=2023-01-31 |publisher=BRILL |doi=10.1163/9789401205474_008 |isbn=9789042023505}}</ref> [[cassava]], [[tomato]]es and [[Irvingia gabonensis|ogbono]]. Its Ewo market, located at Okugbe in Oteku sub-clan and on the busy Benin-Abuja Road and congregates every fourth day. Okpella is a natural town with polite and happy citizens who share a communal bond prevalent in most African societies, the town also consists of [[Muslims]] and [[Christians]] who live peacefully among themselves despite their religion backgrounds.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borgatti |first=Jean M. |date=1976 |title=Okpella Masking Traditions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335050 |journal=African Arts |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=24–91 |doi=10.2307/3335050 |issn=0001-9933 |jstor=3335050}}</ref>
During [[colonial rule]], arising out of [[personality clashes]] between Chief Sado who was the statutory Clan Head of OKPELLA clan and Afegbua the clan was sub-divided into two, namely Ogute and Oteku as sub-clans. While the Ogute sub-clans has prominent villages like Ogute, [[Imiekuri]] etc, Oteku sub-clan has two villages, Iddo and Komunio; both plays host to Bua Cement Company Plc and Dangote Group of Company Plc. Okpella was the District Head of the then [[Kabba]] Province.
 
==History==
Since the period of Chief SADO-IGBA IKOR who was succeeded by Oba Obinogbe,<ref>{{Citation |title=Edlin, Gabrielle Sarah, (Gabby), ( born 1986), Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Bloody Good Period, since 2016 |date=2021-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u294402 |work=Who's Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> Okpella has been administered as one entity. However, between 1964 and 1971 when the immediate past paramount ruler Alhaji Andrew Yesufu Eshioramhe Dirisu, a [[Justice of the Peace]]; assumed the throne with the title of Okuokpellagbe of Okpella, Chief Giwa Enamudu, the village head of Komunio, headed the OTEKU sub [[clan]], while Chief Alabi headed the OGUTE sub clan. The two sub clans make up the two ruling houses of the clan, the headship of which rotates or oscillates among them. Alhaji Dr A. Y. E. Dirisu joined his ancestors in year 2019 in February and the clan observed the three months traditional mourning period before electing a new clan head. The appointment/election of the clan head is regulated by the Chieftaincy Declaration Law of [[Mid-Western Region, Nigeria|Bendel State]], 1981, as applicable to present Edo State. It is now turn of Oteku Sub-Clan to produce the next Clan Head of Okpella, the Late Clan Head, Andrew Yesufu Eshioramhe Dirisu who reigned for 48 years came from Ogute Sub-Clan.
The origin of Okpella people was not documented, it was preserved in oral traditions like African people.
 
The sub-clans in Okeplla were created as a result of clashes between HRH. [[Abdulmalik Asekomhe Afegbua|Abdulmalik Asekhomhe Afegbua]] and Chief Sado Ikor in 1935. Afegbua, who had assumed the position of Clan Head in 1916 later became the district head of the [[Kukuruku Division]] in 1920,<ref name=":0" /> leaving the Clan Head position vacant for Sado to become the Clan Head. In 1929, the district system in Nigeria was abolished,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etebom |first=J.M |date=October 2023 |title=The Historical Development of Local Government Administration and Its Contemporary Realities in Nigeria |url=http://thejournalish.com/ojs/index.php/thejournalish/index |journal=The Journalish |issn=2722-5402 |volume=3 |pages=12}}</ref> Afegbua returned to Okpella to contend for the position of Clan Head, which led to communal clash that ended up to an election conducted for both Afegbua and king SADO. King SADO was the reigning Eramhe (father of the clan) and won the ballot and continued as the sole clan head till his demise in 1952. Chief Afegbua thereafter returned to ascend the clan head of Okpella again.
The town play host to two Cement factories namely: BUA Cement Company Plc and DANGOTE Group of Company Plc as well as the defunct Edo Cement Company Ltd. While Abdulsalam Rabiu founded Bua Cement Factory Plc, Aliko Dangote founded Dangote Group of Company Plc. These are the only cement factories Okpella Clan <ref>{{Cite journal |last=OKOYE |first=Emmanuel Ikechukwu |last2=UGOCHUKWU |first2=Nwoye John |last3=CHIDOZIEM |first3=Abiahu Mary-Fidelis |date=2018-08-09 |title=Forestalling Ingenious Approach to Financial Reporting in Post IFRS Regime in Dangote Cement Company Nigeria PLC |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v8-i2/4380 |journal=International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.6007/ijarafms/v8-i2/4380 |issn=2225-8329}}</ref>and in the old [[Mid-Western Region, Nigeria|Midwest Region]] and the present Edo state. The defunct Edo [[Cement factory|Cement Factory]] was established by the [[Dennis Osadebay|Dennis Osadebey]] and Hon. Musa Godfrey administration in 1964,<ref>{{Cite web|title=bua cement factory okpella|url=https://www.leon-studnie.pl/portable/2021_30/4078/|access-date=2021-07-14|website=www.leon-studnie.pl}}{{dead link}}</ref> with the late Chief Ikhumetse Olowu, as its pioneer Chairman. Okpella, in view of the abundance of other solid minerals, is home to several granite- and marble-making industries.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
 
The Late Clan Head, HRH. Andrew Yesufu Eshioramhe Dirisu who reigned for 48 years came from Ogute Sub-Clan.<ref>{{Citation |title=Cole, Simon, (born 20 Feb. 1958), Chief Executive Officer, 7digital Group plc (formerly Unique Broadcasting Company, then UBC Media Group plc), since 1989 |date=2017-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u287206 |work=Who's Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref>
The people are predominantly farmers, and are known to grow in large numbers, yams,<ref>{{Citation |title=How 'systemic' is a large corpus of English? |date=2008-01-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401205474_008 |work=Language, People, Numbers |pages=43–60 |publisher=BRILL |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> [[cassava]], [[tomato]]es and [[Irvingia gabonensis|ogbono]]. Its Ewo market, located at Okugbe in Oteku sub-clan and on the busy Benin-Abuja Road and congregates every fourth day. Okpella is a natural town with polite and happy citizens who share a communal bond prevalent in most African societies, the town also consists of [[Muslims]] and [[Christians]] who live peacefully among themselves despite their religion backgrounds.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Borgatti|first=Jean M.|date=1976|title=Okpella Masking Traditions|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335050|journal=African Arts|volume=9|issue=4|pages=24–91|doi=10.2307/3335050|issn=0001-9933}}</ref>
 
==Tradition==
[[Okpela language|Okpella i]]<nowiki/>s sub divided into two major subdivisions which correspond to east and west which represent the two sons of Ekpola, the one who founded the clan.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} Western Okpella include five villages, and three eastern Okpella. The remaining village represents the descendants of earlier settlers. The Okpella people believe in a supreme [[deity]] called Eshinegba, which is known as creator of all things both in the physical world (agbo) The remaining village represents the descendants of earlier settlers. The Okpella people believe in a supreme deity called Eshinegba, which is known as creator of all things both in the physical world (agbo)<ref>{{cite book |last=Claeys |first=Gregory |chapter=‘That all facts yet known to man indicate that there is an external or an internal cause of all existences, by the fact of their existence; that this all-pervading cause of motion and change in the Universe, is that Incomprehensible Power which the nations of the world have called God, Jehovah, Lord, etc, etc, etc: but that the facts are yet unknown to man which define what that hitherto Incomprehensible Power is.’ |title=The Selected Works of Robert Owen|year=2021 |volume=III|publication-date=1994 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113157-40|edition=1st |pages=198–201 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781003113157-40 |isbn=978-1-003-11315-7 |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> and the spirit world (ilimi).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borgatti |first=Jean M. |date=1976 |title=Okpella Masking Traditions |url=https://www.academia.edu/25513128/Okpella_Masking_Traditions |journal=African Arts |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=24 |issn=0001-9933}}</ref>
 
== Villages ==
*Afokpella, Awuyemi, Iddo, Imiegele, Imekuri, Ogute-Oke, Okugbe, Oku<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Afegbua|first=Isa S.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/173261409|title=Okpella : origins, communities, and neighbours, 1400-2000|date=2003|publisher=Centre for Development & Documentation|isbn=978-062-073-7|location=Okpella, Edo State, Nigeria|oclc=173261409}}</ref> Ogriga
 
== See also ==
{{Cite book |first=Jean |last=Borgatti |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/645789117 |title=The festival as art event : form and iconography : Olimi festival in Okpella clan, Etsako Division, Midwest State, Nigeria |date=1980 |publisher=University Microfilms International |oclc=645789117}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist|30em}}
 
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}