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See also - Buildings and structures in Oxford; Parks and open spaces in Oxford |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name
| settlement_type
| image_skyline
|perrow = |border = infobox |total_width = |image1 =
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|image2 = Bridge of Sighs with Lampost, Oxford, July 25, 2023.jpg
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|image3 = Cathedral oxford.jpg
|caption3 = [[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford|Cathedral]]
|image4 = Clarendon Building, Oxford, England - May 2010.jpg
|caption4 = [[Clarendon Building]]
|image5 = Sheldonian Theatre Oxford 2023 03.jpg
|caption5 = [[Sheldonian Theatre]]
|image6 = Radcliffe Camera, Oxford - Oct 2006.jpg
|caption6 = [[Radcliffe Camera]]
}}
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| shield_size = 170
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| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_size =
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| motto = {{lang-la |Fortis est veritas |translation=the truth is strong}}
| image_map = Oxford UK locator map.svg
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| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|51|45|7|N|1|15|28|W|region:GB_type:city|display=inline,title}}
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| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[England]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[South East England|South East]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Non-metropolitan county|County]]
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| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 8th century
| established_title1 = City status
| established_date1 = 1542
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| seat_type = Administrative HQ
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| parts_type =
| parts = <!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes = <ref name="Council leadership">{{cite web |url=https://www.oxford.gov.uk/oxford-councillors |title=Councillors |website=Oxford City Council |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Non-metropolitan district]]
| governing_body = [[Oxford City Council]]
| leader_title = [[Executive arrangements|Executive]]
| leader_name = [[Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet|Leader and cabinet]]
| leader_title1 = [[Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom|Control]]
| leader_name1 = {{English district control|GSS=E07000178}}
| leader_title2 = [[Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet|Leader]]
| leader_name2 = Susan Brown ([[Labour Party (UK)|L]])
| leader_title3 = [[List of mayors of Oxford|Lord Mayor]]
| leader_name3 = Mike Rowley
| leader_title4 = [[List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| leader_name4 = {{Unbulleted list
| [[Anneliese Dodds]] ([[Labour and Co-operative Party|L]]) <!-- Oxford East constituency -->
| [[Layla Moran]] ([[Liberal Democrats (UK)|LD]])<!-- Oxford West and Abingdon constituency -->
}}
<!-- Area -->| total_type = <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{United Kingdom district population citation|area}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = {{English district area|GSS=E07000178}}
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_rank = [[List of English districts by area|{{English district area rank|GSS=E07000178}}]]
<!-- Population -->| population_footnotes = <ref name="popstats">{{United Kingdom district population citation}}</ref>
| population_as_of = {{English statistics year}}
| population_total = {{English district population|GSS=E07000178}}
| population_rank = [[List of English districts by population|{{English district rank|GSS=E07000178}}]]
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| population_demonym = Oxonian
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span>
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis">{{NOMIS2021|id=E07000178|title=Oxford Local Authority|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1
| demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible
| 70.7% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]
| 15.4% [[British Asians|Asian]]
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| 3.7% [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|other]]
}}
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->| demographics_type2 = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis"/>
| demographics2_title1
| demographics2_info1 = {{Collapsible
| 39.0% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|no religion]]
| 38.1% [[Religion in England#Christianity|Christianity]]
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| 9.9% not stated
}}
| timezone1
| utc_offset1
| timezone1_DST
| utc_offset1_DST
<!-- Codes -->| postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcode areas]]
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| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom|Dialling codes]]
| area_code = 01865
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'''Oxford''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|k|s|f|ər|d|audio=En-uk-Oxford.ogg}}<!-- See [[MOS:RHOTIC]] and [[Help:IPA/English#Dialect variation]] for why the pronunciation is presented in this way. -->)<ref>{{cite book |editor=[[Clive Upton|Upton, Clive]] |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-863156-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00upto/page/734 734] |display-editors=etal |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00upto/page/734 }}</ref><ref>Dictionary.com, "oxford" in Dictionary.com Unabridged. Source location: Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/oxford {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623104138/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Oxford |date=23 June 2012 }}. Available: http://dictionary.reference.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520140539/http://dictionary.reference.com/ |date=20 May 2015 }}. Accessed: 4 July 2012.</ref> is a [[City status in the United Kingdom|cathedral city]] and [[non-metropolitan district]] in [[Oxfordshire]], England, of which it is the county town. Founded in the 8th century, it was granted city status in 1542. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers [[Thames]] (locally known as [[the Isis]]) and [[River Cherwell|Cherwell]]. It had a population of {{English district population|GSS=E07000178}} in {{English statistics year}}.<ref name="popstats"/> It is {{convert|56|mi}} north-west of [[London]], {{convert|64|mi}} south-east of [[Birmingham]] and {{convert|61|mi}} north-east of [[Bristol]]. The city is home to the [[University of Oxford]], the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest university]] in the [[English-speaking world]];<ref>{{harvnb|Sager|2005|p=36}}.</ref> it has buildings in every style of [[Architecture of England|English architecture]] since late [[History of Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]]. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, science, and information technologies.
==History==
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====The city centre====
The city centre is relatively small and is centred on [[Carfax, Oxford|Carfax]], a crossroads which forms the junction of [[Cornmarket Street, Oxford|Cornmarket Street]] (pedestrianised), [[Queen Street, Oxford|Queen Street]] (mainly [[pedestrianised]]), [[St Aldate's, Oxford|St Aldate's]] and the [[High Street, Oxford|High Street]] ("the High"; blocked for through traffic). Cornmarket Street and Queen Street are home to Oxford's chain stores, as well as a small number of independent retailers, one of the longest established of which was [[Boswells of Oxford|Boswell's]], founded in 1738.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Boswells|url=http://www.boswells-online.co.uk//mall/infopageviewer.cfm/Boswells/AboutUs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123112907/http://www.boswells-online.co.uk/mall/infopageviewer.cfm/Boswells/AboutUs|archive-date=23 November 2007|access-date=10 January 2010|publisher=Boswells-online.co.uk}}</ref> The store closed in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ffrench|first=Andrew|date=29 February 2020|title=Everything must go now at Boswells in closing down sale|newspaper=[[Oxford Mail]]|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18271030.everything-must-go-now-boswells-closing-sale/|url-status=live|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329215229/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18271030.everything-must-go-now-boswells-closing-sale/|archive-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> St Aldate's has few shops but several local government buildings, including the [[town hall]], the city police station and local council offices.
====Suburbs====
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[[File:Wellington Square Oxford 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Wellington Square, Oxford|Wellington Square]], the name of which has become synonymous with the university's central administration]]
The presence of the university has also led to Oxford becoming a centre for the education industry. Companies often draw their teaching staff from the pool of [[Oxford University]] students and graduates, and, especially for [[English as a Foreign or Second Language|EFL education]], use their Oxford location as a selling point.<ref>
{{cite
|url=http://www.oxford-royale.co.uk/learn-english-in-oxford
|title=Learn English in Oxford
|newspaper=Oxford Royale
|publisher=oxford-royale.co.uk
|access-date=25 May 2014
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==Buildings==
{{See also|Category: Buildings and structures in Oxford}}
[[File:Christ_Church_Cathedral_Interior_2,_Oxford,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg|right|thumb|[[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford]]]]
[[File:Oxford_Botanic_Garden_in_Autumn_2004.jpg|right|thumb|[[Oxford Botanic Garden]]]]
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===Parks and nature walks===
{{See also|Category: Parks and open spaces in Oxford}}
Oxford is a very green city, with several parks and nature walks within the [[Oxford Ring Road|ring road]], as well as several sites just outside the ring road. In total, 28 [[nature reserve]]s exist within or just outside the ring road, including:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
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===Cycling===
Among
===Rail===
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* [[A420 road|A420]] – which also begins in Oxford and leads to [[Bristol]], passing [[Swindon]] and [[Chippenham]].
====Zero-emission
{{main|zero-emission zone in Oxford}}
On 28 February 2022 a [[zero-emission]] pilot area became operational in Oxford city centre. Zero-emission vehicles can be used without incurring a charge but all petrol and diesel vehicles (including hybrids) incur a daily charge if they are driven in the zone between 7am and 7pm.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/residents/roads-and-transport/oxford-zero-emission-zone-zez/about-zero-emission-zone/ |title=About Oxford's Zero Emission Zone |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228130330/https://www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/residents/roads-and-transport/oxford-zero-emission-zone-zez/about-zero-emission-zone |url-status=live }}</ref>
A consultation on the introduction of a wider
====Bus gates====
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[[File:Sheldonian Theatre 2009 LL.jpg|right|thumb|[[Sheldonian Theatre]] in 2009]]
There are two universities in Oxford, the [[University of Oxford]] and [[Oxford Brookes University]], as well as the specialist further and higher education institution [[Ruskin College]] that is part of the University of West London in Oxford. The [[Islamic Azad University]] also has a
====The Bodleian Library====
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==Media==
As well as the [[BBC]] national [[radio station]]s, Oxford and the surrounding area has several local stations, including [[BBC Radio Oxford]], [[Heart South]], [[Destiny 105]], [[
Local papers include ''[[The Oxford Times]]'' (compact; weekly), its sister papers the ''[[Oxford Mail]]'' ([[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]]; daily) and the ''Oxford Star'' (tabloid; free and delivered), and ''[[Oxford Journal]]'' (tabloid; weekly free pick-up). Oxford is also home to several [[advertising agencies]]. ''[[Daily Information]]'' (known locally as "Daily Info") is an event information and advertising news sheet which has been published since 1964 and now provides a connected website. ''[[Nightshift (Oxford Music Magazine)|Nightshift]]'' is a monthly local free magazine that has covered the Oxford music scene since 1991.<ref>"[http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/archive/2000/07/06/Oxfordshire+Archive/6630975.Preview__Nightshift_night/ Preview: Nightshift night] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105092333/http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/archive/2000/07/06/Oxfordshire+Archive/6630975.Preview__Nightshift_night/ |date=5 January 2012 }}", "Oxford Mail", 6 July 2000</ref>
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===Football===
[[File:East stand, Kassam Stadium, Oxford United - geograph.org.uk - 1705831.jpg|thumb|[[Kassam Stadium]]]]
[[File:London Road, Manor Ground, Oxford.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Manor Ground, Oxford|Manor Ground]], off London Road in Headington
The city's leading [[football club (association football)|football club]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Oxford United]],
[[Oxford City F.C.]] is a semi-professional football club, separate from [[Oxford United]], they play in the [[National League (division)|National League]], the fifth tier, one level below the [[Football League]] in the [[English football league system|pyramid]].
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