Oxford: Difference between revisions

| name = Oxford

| settlement_type = [[City status in the United Kingdom|City]] and [[non-metropolitan district]]

| image_skyline = {{multiple images

|total_width = 280300

|image1 = ENGMuseum of Oxford High Street 001(5652685943).jpg

|caption1 = [[HighOxford Street,Town OxfordHall|HighTown StreetHall]]

|image2 = MuseumBridge of Sighs with Lampost, Oxford, July 25, (5652685943)2023.jpg

|caption2 = [[OxfordBridge Townof HallSighs, Oxford|TownBridge of HallSighs]]

|caption3 = [[OxfordChrist Church Cathedral, Oxford|Cathedral]]

| imagesize =

| image_alt =

| image_flag =

| flag_alt =

| image_shield = Coat of arms for the City of Oxford.svg

| shield_alt shield_size = 170

| shield_link shield_alt = Coat of arms of Oxford

| image_blank_emblem =

| blank_emblem_type blank_emblem_size =

| blank_emblem_link blank_emblem_type =

| etymology blank_emblem_link =

| nicknameetymology =
| nickname = City of dreaming spires

| motto = {{lang-la |Fortis est veritas |translation=the truth is strong}}

| image_map = Oxford UK locator map.svg

| mapsize =

| map_alt =

| map_caption = Oxford shown within [[Oxfordshire]]

| pushpin_map =

| pushpin_map_alt =

| pushpin_map_caption =

| pushpin_mapsize = =

| pushpin_label_position =

| coordinates = {{coord|51|45|7|N|1|15|28|W|region:GB_type:city|display=inline,title}}

| coor_pinpoint =

| coordinates_footnotes =

| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]

| subdivision_name = [[United Kingdom]]

| subdivision_type1 = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]]

| subdivision_name1 = [[England]]

| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of England|Region]]

| subdivision_name2 = [[South East England|South East]]

| subdivision_type3 = [[Non-metropolitan county|County]]

| subdivision_name3 = [[Oxfordshire]]

| subdivision_type4 =

| subdivision_name4 =

| established_title = Founded

| established_date = 8th century

| established_title1 = City status

| established_date1 = 1542

| named_for =

| seat_type = Administrative HQ

| seat = [[Oxford Town Hall]]

| parts_type =

| parts = <!-- Government = -->

| government_type governing_body = [[Non-metropolitanOxford City districtCouncil]]

| governing_body leader_title = [[Oxford CityExecutive Councilarrangements|Executive]]

| leader_title leader_name = [[Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet|ExecutiveLeader and cabinet]]

| leader_title2leader_name2 = Susan Brown = ([[Executive arrangements#LeaderLabour andParty cabinet(UK)|LeaderL]])

| population_as_of population_density_km2 = {{English statisticsdistrict yeardensity|GSS=E07000178}}

| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|Ethnic groups]]

| demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible =list

<!-- demographics (section 2) -->| demographics_type2 = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>

| demographics2_title1 = [[Religion in England|Religion]]

| demographics2_info1 = {{Collapsible =list

| timezone1 = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]

| utc_offset1 = +0

| timezone1_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]]

| utc_offset1_DST = +1

| postal_code_typepostal_code = [[PostcodesOX inpostcode the United Kingdomarea|Postcode areasOX]]1–4

| area_code iso_code = 01865

| iso_codeblank1_name = [[GSS coding system|GSS = code]]

| blank1_name blank1_info = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]]E07000178

| blank1_info website = E07000178{{URL|oxford.gov.uk}}

| website footnotes = {{URL|oxford.gov.uk}}

'''Oxford''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|k|s|f|ər|d|audio=En-uk-Oxford.ogg}}<!-- See [[MOS:RHOTIC]] and [[Help:IPA/English#Dialect variation]] for why the pronunciation is presented in this way. -->)<ref>{{cite book |editor=[[Clive Upton|Upton, Clive]] |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-863156-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00upto/page/734 734] |display-editors=etal |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00upto/page/734 }}</ref><ref>Dictionary.com, "oxford" in Dictionary.com Unabridged. Source location: Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/oxford {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623104138/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Oxford |date=23 June 2012 }}. Available: http://dictionary.reference.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520140539/http://dictionary.reference.com/ |date=20 May 2015 }}. Accessed: 4 July 2012.</ref> is a [[City status in the United Kingdom|cathedral city]] and [[non-metropolitan district]] in [[Oxfordshire]], England, of which it is the county town. Founded in the 8th century, it was granted city status in 1542. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers [[Thames]] (locally known as [[the Isis]]) and [[River Cherwell|Cherwell]]. It had a population of {{English district population|GSS=E07000178}} in {{English statistics year}}.<ref name="popstats"/> It is {{convert|56|mi}} north-west of [[London]], {{convert|64|mi}} south-east of [[Birmingham]] and {{convert|61|mi}} north-east of [[Bristol]]. The city is home to the [[University of Oxford]], the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest university]] in the [[English-speaking world]];<ref>{{harvnb|Sager|2005|p=36}}.</ref> it has buildings in every style of [[Architecture of England|English architecture]] since late [[History of Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]]. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, science, and information technologies.

{{cite webnews

====Zero-emission Emission Zonezone====

On 28 February 2022 a [[zero-emission]] pilot area became operational in Oxford Citycity Centrecentre. Zero -emission vehicles can be used without incurring a charge but all petrol and diesel vehicles (including hybrids) incur a daily charge if they are driven in the zone between 7am and 7pm.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/residents/roads-and-transport/oxford-zero-emission-zone-zez/about-zero-emission-zone/ |title=About Oxford's Zero Emission Zone |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228130330/https://www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/residents/roads-and-transport/oxford-zero-emission-zone-zez/about-zero-emission-zone |url-status=live }}</ref>

A consultation on the introduction of a wider Zerozero-emission Emission Zonezone is expected in the future, at a date to be confirmed.

There are two universities in Oxford, the [[University of Oxford]] and [[Oxford Brookes University]], as well as the specialist further and higher education institution [[Ruskin College]] that is part of the University of West London in Oxford. The [[Islamic Azad University]] also has a [[Azad University IR in Oxford|campus]] near Oxford. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the [[English-speaking]] world,<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction and history|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/history?wssl=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920170044/https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/history?wssl=1|archive-date=20 September 2016|access-date=22 September 2016|publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> and one of the most prestigious higher education institutions of the world, averaging nine applications to every available place, and attracting 40% of its academic staff and 17% of undergraduates from overseas.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|title=International students|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/why-oxford/international-students?wssl=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920183441/https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/why-oxford/international-students?wssl=1|archive-date=20 September 2016|access-date=22 September 2016|publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> In September 2016, it was ranked as the world's number one university, according to the ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=September 2016|title=World University Rankings 2016–2017|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank_label/sort_order/asc/cols/rank_only|url-status=live|magazine=Times Higher Education|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231113411/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank_label/sort_order/asc/cols/rank_only|archive-date=31 December 2016|access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> Oxford is renowned for its [[tutorial]]-based method of teaching.

As well as the [[BBC]] national [[radio station]]s, Oxford and the surrounding area has several local stations, including [[BBC Radio Oxford]], [[Heart South]], [[Destiny 105]], [[106Greatest JackHits FM (Oxfordshire)|Jack FM]], [[Jack 2 (radio station)|Jack 2 HitsRadio]] and [[JackHits 3|JackRadio 3 & ChillOxfordshire]], along with Oxide: Oxford Student Radio<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxideradio.co.uk/ |title=Oxford Student Radio |publisher=oxideradio.co.uk |access-date=9 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608114135/http://oxideradio.co.uk/ |archive-date=8 June 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> (which went on terrestrial radio at 87.7&nbsp;MHz FM in late May 2005). A local [[TV station]], [[Six TV]]: The Oxford Channel, was also available<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.milestonegroup.co.uk/310309.pdf |title=Milestone Group |publisher=Milestone Group |access-date=17 April 2010 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> but closed in April 2009; a service operated by [[That's TV]], originally called That's Oxford (now That's Oxfordshire), took to the airwaves in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://media.info/television/channels/thats-oxford |title=That's Oxfordshire |publisher=media.info |access-date=11 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140006/https://media.info/television/channels/thats-oxford |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/12873959.New_Oxfordshire_community_TV_channel__just_weeks_from_launch_/ |first=Andrew |last=Ffrench |title=New Oxfordshire community TV channel 'just weeks from launch' |newspaper=Oxford Mail |date=7 April 2015 |access-date=11 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140615/http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/12873959.New_Oxfordshire_community_TV_channel__just_weeks_from_launch_/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The city is home to a [[BBC Television]] [[newsroom]] which produces an opt-out from the main ''[[South Today]]'' programme broadcast from [[Southampton]].

[[File:London Road, Manor Ground, Oxford.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Manor Ground, Oxford|Manor Ground]], off London Road in Headington.]]

The city's leading [[football club (association football)|football club]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Oxford United]], are currently in [[EFL League One|League One]], the third tier of league [[association football|football]], but will compete in the [[EFL Championship]], the second level of the [[English football league system]], following promotion in the 2024–25[[2023–24 Oxford United F.C. season,|2023–24 following promotionseason]]. They play at the [[Kassam Stadium]] (named after former chairman [[Firoz Kassam]]), which is near the [[Blackbird Leys]] housing estate and has been their home since relocation from the [[Manor Ground, Oxford|Manor Ground]] in 2001.