Content deleted Content added
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
→Names and identity: Pylos added as English transliteration of Greek (without which it could be interpreted that this name in greek characters was the same as Peremoun' or Peromi) |
||
Line 46:
Pelusium was the easternmost major city of [[Lower Egypt]], situated upon the easternmost bank of the [[Nile]], the ''Ostium Pelusiacum'', to which it gave its name. [[Pliny the Elder]] gives its location in relation to the frontier of Arabia: "At Ras Straki, 65 miles from Pelusium, is the frontier of Arabia. Then begins [[Idumaea]], and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] at the point where the Serbonian Lake comes into view. This lake... is now an inconsiderate fen."<ref>{{cite book |last= Pliny the Elder |author-link= Pliny the Elder |title=Natural History |publisher= Harvard University Press |editor= H. Rackham |volume=2|date= 1947 |location= Cambridge|page=271 (book v, chapter xiv) |language=en }}</ref>
The Roman name "Pelusium" was derived from the Greek name, and that from a translation of the Egyptian one.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} It was variously known as '''Sena''' and '''[[Per (hieroglyph)|Per]]-Amun'''<ref name="Pelusium">{{cite journal|last1=Grzymski|first1=Krzysztof A.|title=Pelusium: Gateway to Egypt|journal=Pelusium: Gateway to Egypt|date=1997}}</ref> ([[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] and [[Coptic language|Coptic]]: {{Coptic|Ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲙⲟⲩⲛ}} ''Peremoun'') meaning House or Temple of the sun god [[Amun]], '''Pelousion''' or '''Saien''' ({{lang-grc|Πηλούσιον or Σαῖν}}), '''Sin''' ({{lang-he|סִין}}) -[[Chaldea|Chaldaic]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]-, '''Seyân''' ([[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]), and '''Tell el-Farama''' (modern [[Egyptian Arabic]]).<ref name = Gauthier14/><ref name = Budge1031/> According to [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]], it was the ''Sin'' of the [[Hebrew Bible]] ([[Ezekiel]] xxx. 15). Smith surmised that the word in its Egyptian and Greek forms (''Peremoun'' or ''Peromi''; Greek πήλος ''Pylos'') had the connotation of a 'city made of mud' (''cf.'' omi, [[Coptic language|Coptic]], "mud").<ref name="Donne" /> The anonymous author of the Aramaic [[Palestinian Targum]] has translated the word "Rameses" in the [[Pentateuch]] as meaning ''Pelusin'' (Pelusium). It is not certain whether or not the 10th-century rabbi and scholar, [[Saadia Gaon]], agreed with that determination, although he possessed another tradition of later making, writing that ''[[Pi-Ramesses|Rameses]]'' mentioned in [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]] [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0433.htm 33:3], and in Exodus 1:11 and 12:37, as also in [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]] [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0147.htm#11 47:11], refers to the Egyptian town of ''ʻ[[Ain Shams]]''.<ref>Saadia Gaon, ''Judeo-Arabic Translation of Pentateuch'' (''Tafsir''), s.v. Exodus 21:37 and Numbers 33:3 ("רעמסס: "עין שמס); ''Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Commentaries on the Torah'' (ed. [[Yosef Qafih]]), 4th edition, [[Mossad Harav Kook]]: Jerusalem 1984, p. 164 (Numbers 33:3) (Hebrew) {{OCLC|896661716}}.</ref> According to the 1st-century historian [[Josephus]], Pelusium was situated on one of the mouths of the [[Nile Delta|Nile]].<ref>[[Josephus]], ''[[The Jewish War]]'' ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0148%3Abook%3D4%3Awhiston+chapter%3D11%3Awhiston+section%3D5 4.11.5]).</ref> Modern-day historical geographers associate ''ʻAin Shams'' with the ancient city of [[Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)|Heliopolis]].
== History ==
| |||