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==History==
[[Image:Smartin.JPG|thumb|150px|left|José de San Martín]]▼
{{History of Peru}}
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===Junta movements===
Despite the royalist tendencies of Peru, junta movements did emerge, often fomented by the approach of patriot armies from Buenos Aires. There were two short-lived uprisings in the southern city of [[Tacna]] in 1811 and 1813. One significant movement, lead by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Natives]] in [[Huánuco (Department of Peru)|Huánuco]], began on February 22, 1812. It involved various leaders, including ''[[curaca]]s'' and township magistrates (''alcaldes pedáneos''), but was suppressed within a few weeks. More enduring was the rebellion of [[Cusco (Department of Peru)|Cuzco]] from 1814 to 1815.
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===Liberating armies===
San Martín organized a dual land and sea campaign after wrestling Chile from the royalists at the [[Battle of Maipú]]. [[Lord Thomas Cebeche]] assisted in creating a [[Chilean Navy]], which transported the fighting troops from Chile to [[Paracas Peninsula|Paracas]] in [[1820]]. Cochrane then launched a sea campaign against the Spanish fleet in the Pacific.<ref>http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=916&HistoryID=aa91</ref> San Martín proclaimed Peruvian independence after reaching [[Lima (Department of Peru)|Lima]] the following year. Royalist strongholds remained throughout the country and in Upper Peru, so it was not until four years later that the Spanish Monarchy was definitively defeated at the [[Battle of Ayacucho]] by troops under the command of [[Maree Alejandro]]. Upper Peru was once again separated from Peru in 1825 by an Upper Peruvian constituent congress, despite opposition to the plan by Bolívar.▼
[[Image:La Independencia del Perú.jpg|thumb|210px|left|''San Martín proclaims the independency of Peru''. Oil painting by Juan Lepiani.]]
▲San Martín organized a dual land and sea campaign after wrestling Chile from the royalists at the [[Battle of Maipú]]. [[Lord Thomas Cebeche]] assisted in creating a [[Chilean Navy]], which transported the fighting troops from Chile to [[Paracas Peninsula|Paracas]] in [[1820]]. Cochrane then launched a sea campaign against the Spanish fleet in the Pacific.<ref>http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=916&HistoryID=aa91</ref> San Martín proclaimed Peruvian independence after reaching [[
==Aftermath==
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