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{{Short description|Novel by F. Sionil José}}
{{
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox book
| name =
| image = Po-on by F. Sionil José Book cover.jpg
| caption = Book cover for F. Sionil José's ''Po-on A Novel''
| author = [[F. Sionil Jose]]
| country = [[Philippines]]
| language = English: ''Po-on'' (Philippines) or ''Dusk'' (USA), [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]: ''Po-on'', French: ''Po-on''
| genre = [[
| media_type = [[Hardcover]
| publisher = Solidaridad Publishing House, Inc. ([[Philippines]]), Random House, Inc. (United States), De La Salle University Press (Philippines), Fayard (France)
| release_date = [[1984 in literature|1984]], [[1998 in literature|1998]] {{efn|name=fn1}}
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| oclc = 41452533
}}
'''''Po-on: A Novel''''' is a 1984 novel written by Filipino English language writer, [[Francisco Sionil José
==Description==
''Po-on
In ''Po-on'' begins the narration of the experiences of one generation of the ''
==Historical background==
Alive in the novel were the concepts and the events that emanated during peacetime and wartime; even the status of the poor and the affluent, of the privileged and the powerful, and of those who have privileges, freedoms, and rights. During
==Plot summary==
The events in ''Po-on'' happened from 1880s to early 1900s, when an [[Ilocano people|Ilocano]] family abandoned their beloved ''[[barrio]]'' in order to overcome the challenges to their survival in southern [[Pangasinan]] in the Philippines, and also to flee from the cruelty they received from the Spaniards. One of the principal characters of the novel is ''Eustaquio Salvador'', a Filipino from the Ilocano stock who was fluent in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin]], a talent he inherited from the teachings of an old parish priest named Jose Leon in [[Cabugao]]. He was an [[acolyte]] aspiring to become a priest. He was also knowledgeable in the arts of traditional medicine. The only hindrance to his goal of becoming a full-
▲One of the principal characters of the novel is ''Eustaquio Salvador'', a Filipino from the Ilocano stock who was fluent in [[Spanish]] and [[Latin]], a talent he inherited from the teachings of an old parish priest named Jose Leon in [[Cabugao]]. He was an [[acolyte]] aspiring to become a priest. He was also knowledgeable in the arts of traditional medicine. The only hindrance to his goal of becoming a full-pledged priest was his racial origins. He lived in a period in [[Philippine history]] when a possible Filipino uprising against the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish government]] was about to erupt, a time after the execution of three [[Filipino mestizo|mestizos]], namely [[Mariano Gómez]], [[José Apolonio Burgos]], and [[Jacinto Zamora]] (or the ''[[Gomburza]]'', an [[acronym]] for the three) at the erstwhile known ''Cavile'' (which is then renamed to Bagumbayan; now known as [[Rizal Park]]) in February 17, 1872. There were signs that a revolution will happen, despite of the lack of unity among the inhabitants of the Philippines islands at the time, as ''pampangueños'' generally sided with the enemy. Another approaching occurrence was the help the Filipinos would be receiving from the Americans in finally removing the governing Spaniards from the [[archipelago]] after three hundred years. The novel recreates the societal struggles in which the characters of ''Po-on'' were situated in, which includes the protagonist ''Istak'''s personal search for life's meaning and for the true face of his beliefs at principles. Throughout this personal journey, he was accompanied by a dignity that is his alone. He was assigned the task of delivering a message to President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], the leader of the Philippine revolutionaries, but died at the hands of American soldiers [[Battle of Tirad Pass|fighting]] at the [[Tirad Pass]], inevitably unable to recount the contents of the letter to Aguinaldo.
==Reviews and analysis==
''Po-on'' the novel is only one part of F. Sionil José's ''Rosales Saga'', the historical epic narrative composed of four other novels considered by the Filipino poet and [[literary criticism|literary critic]] [[Ricaredo Demetillo]] as "the first great Filipino novels written in English." Specifically, ''Po-on'' had been described by [[Random House]] as a work of fiction which is "more than" the character of a "historical novel", a book with "extraordinary scope and passion" that is "meaningful to Philippine literature." a book as meaningful to Philippine literature as ''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]]'' is to [[Latin American literature]].<ref name=RHouse2/> ''One Hundred Years of Solitude'' is the masterpiece of Latin America's [[Colombian people|Colombian]] novelist [[Gabriel García Márquez]].<ref name=Amazon1/><ref name=B&N/><ref name=RHouse/><ref name=AmazonPubWk/><ref name=RHouse2>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0375751440 About this book and Backcover details, Amazon.com]</ref> [[Frank Gibney]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' described the story-telling in José's ''Rosales Saga'' as being similar to the tradition and style found in the ''[[U.S.A. trilogy]]'' by the American novelist [[John Dos Passos]].<ref name=NYT1/><ref name=NYT2/><ref name=NYT3/><ref name=NYT4/>
==Notes==▼
{{notelist|refs=▼
{{efn|name=fn1|Sionil José's fictional rendition of a bona fide hero [[Apolinario Mabini]], contains false and debasing information,(..."They {[[ilustrados]]} spread a gossip that Mabini was a cripple because he was syphilitic, an untruth that I {Sionil José} had swallowed and presented as a fact in this novel."), due to being accredited by historians and people alike. Subsequent editions of Po-on bear this corrections ("and my deepest apologies").}}▼
}}▼
==See also==
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*[[Cry Slaughter!]] by [[E.K. Tiempo]]
*[[The Man Who (Thought He) Looked Like Robert Taylor]] by [[Bienvenido Santos]]
▲==Notes==
▲{{notelist|refs=
▲{{efn|name=fn1|Sionil José's fictional rendition of a bona fide hero [[Apolinario Mabini]], contains false and debasing information,(..."They {[[ilustrados]]} spread a gossip that Mabini was a cripple because he was syphilitic, an untruth that I {Sionil José} had swallowed and presented as a fact in this novel."), due to being accredited by historians and people alike. Subsequent editions of Po-on bear
▲}}
==References==
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===Bibliography===
*[https://query.nytimes.com/search/query?frow=0&n=10&srcht=s&query=Dusk+%2B+F.+Sionil+Jose&srchst=nyt&hdlquery=&bylquery=&daterange=full&mon1=01&day1=01&year1=1981&mon2=04&day2=22&year2=2008&submit.x=0&submit.y=0 Articles and Reviews about F. Sionil
*[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901EED71739F935A35751C1A96E958260&scp=3&sq=Dusk+%2B+F.+Sionil+Jose&st=nyt Notable Books of 1998], The New York Times, NYTimes.com, December 6, 1998
*[http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/lifestyle/lifestyle/view_article.php?article_id=61848 Supnet Macansantos, Priscilla. "Rosales, Pangasinan, reclaims F. Sionil Jose,"] Lifestyle, Inquirer, Inquirer.net, April 23, 2007
*[http://mvphilippines.hypermart.net/SionilJose.htm Blume Claudia. A Literary, Historic
*[http://www.alexmaskara.com/f_sioniljose.html Review of Dusk, the resilience of a Pinoy called Istak of Poon, Alex Maskara Pinoy, AlexMaskara.com (undated)]
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