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'''''Po-on A Novel''''' is a novel written by [[Francisco Sionil José]], a [[Filipino people|Filipino]] [[Philippine English|English-language]] writer. This is the original title when it was first published in the Philippines in the [[English language]]. In the [[United States]], it was published under the title '''''Dusk A Novel'''''. For this novel’s translation into [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], the title '''''Po-on Isang Nobela''''' – a direct translation of ''Po-on A Novel'' - was adopted.<ref name=Manoa>[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/manoa/v018/18.1jose.html Jose, F. Sionil (Francisco Sionil) 1924-present, Spirit and Literature, Manoa - Volume 18, Number 1, 2006, pp. 51-57, University of Hawai'i Press, Project MUSE, Muse.jhu.edu (undated)], retrieved on [[April 17
==Description==
''Po-on A Novel'' is the beginning of the so-called ''Rosales Saga'' of F. Sionil José – a series of novels about [[Rosales, Pangasinan]] in the [[Philippines]]. The ''Rosales Saga'' has five parts, all of them individual but interrelated novels, composed namely of the following titles in terms of historical chronology: ''Po-on'', ''Tree'', ''[[My Brother, My Executioner]]'', ''The Pretenders'', and ''Mass''.<ref name=Manoa/><ref name=Amazon1/><ref name=B&N/><ref name=RHouse/><ref name=AmazonPubWk/><ref name=NYT1/><ref name=NYT2/> Among José's five-part novel series, the ''Rosales Saga'', it was the last to be written and published but the first in terms of story-telling chronology.<ref name=NYT3>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CEED61338F93AA3575BC0A96E958260&scp=2&sq=Dusk+%2B+F.+Sionil+Jose&st=nyt BEST SELLERS: August 9, 1998], And Bear in Mind (Editors' choices of other recent books of particular interest), Dusk by F. Sionil Jose (Modern Library), “A microhistorical novel in which the author, focusing on the trials of a single family, educates the reader in Philippine history and in how the people of that country see themselves,” The New York Times, NYTimes.com, [[August 9
In ''Po-on'' begins the narration of the experiences of one generation of the ''Samson'' family, through ''Eustaqio “Istak” Samson'', a farmer who joined the rebel forces. The peasant family reluctantly left their original hometown to escape further oppression from a corrupt Spanish priest and from the persecution of other colonial authorities. Their journey lead them to a new place at [[Rosales, Pangasinan]]. The novelist discusses the life and the origins of this family while embellished with the historical background of the [[Philippines]] during the late 1880s.<ref name=Amazon1/><ref name=B&N/><ref name=RHouse/><ref name=AmazonPubWk/><ref name=NYT1/><ref name=NYT2/><ref name=NYT3/><ref name=NYT4/>
==Historical background==
Alive in the novel were the concepts and the events that emanated during peacetime and wartime; even the status of the poor and the affluent, of the privileged and the powerful, and of those who have
==Plot summary==
The events in ''Po-on Isang Nobela'' happened from 1880 to 1889, when an [[Ilocano]] family abandoned their beloved ''[[barrio]]'' in order to overcome the challenges to their survival in southern [[Pangasinan]] in the Philippines, and also to flee from the cruelty they received from the Spaniards.<ref name=Amazon1/><ref name=B&N/><ref name=RHouse/><ref name=AmazonPubWk/><ref name=NYT1/><ref name=NYT2/><ref name=NYT3/><ref name=NYT4/>
One of the principal characters of the novel is ''Istak'', a Filipino from the Ilocano stock who was fluent in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin language|Latin]], a talent he inherited from the teachings of an old parish priest in Cabugao. He was a [[acolyte]] aspiring to become a priest. He was also knowledgable in the arts of traditional medicine. The only hindrance to his goal of becoming a full-pledged priest was his racial origins. He lived in a period in [[Philippine history]] when it a possible Filipino uprising against the [[Spanish empire|Spanish government]] was about to erupt, a time after the execution of three [[Filipino mestizo|mestizos]], namely [[Mariano Gómez]], [[José Apolonio Burgos]], and [[Jacinto Zamora]] (or the ''[[Gomburza]]'', an [[acronym]] for the three) at [[Rizal Park|Bagumbayan]] (now known as [[Rizal Park]]) in [[February]], [[1872]]. There were signs that a revolution will happen, despite of the lack of unity among the inhabitants of the Philippines islands at the time. Another approaching
The novel recreates the societal struggles in which the characters of ''Po-on'' were situated in, which includes the protagonist ''Istak'' 's personal search for life's meaning and for the true face of his beliefs at principles.
''Istak'' was assigned the task of delivering a message to General [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], the leader of the Philippine revolutionaries, but died at the hands of American soldiers, on his way to delivering the message.<ref name=NYT1/><ref name=NYT2/>
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===Bibliography===
*[http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?frow=0&n=10&srcht=s&query=Dusk+%2B+F.+Sionil+Jose&srchst=nyt&hdlquery=&bylquery=&daterange=full&mon1=01&day1=01&year1=1981&mon2=04&day2=22&year2=2008&submit.x=0&submit.y=0 Articles and Reviews about F. Sionil José’s Dusk A Novel (Po-on)], “Everybody's Colony” by Frank Gibney, "Best Sellers: August 9, 1998," and "Notable Books of 1998," The New York Times, NYTIMES.com
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901EED71739F935A35751C1A96E958260&scp=3&sq=Dusk+%2B+F.+Sionil+Jose&st=nyt Notable Books of 1998], The New York Times, NYTimes.com, [[December 6
*[http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/lifestyle/lifestyle/view_article.php?article_id=61848 Supnet Macansantos, Priscilla. "Rosales, Pangasinan, reclaims F. Sionil Jose,"] Lifestyle, Inquirer, Inquirer.net, [[April 23
*[http://mvphilippines.hypermart.net/SionilJose.htm Blume Claudia. A Literary, Historic and Policital Trip with F. Sionil Jose a Personal View, Museum Volunteers Philippines]
*[http://www.alexmaskara.com/f_sioniljose.html Review of Dusk, the resilience of a Pinoy called Istak of Poon, Alex Maskara Pinoy, AlexMaskara.com (undated)]
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*[[Philippine literature in English]]
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==External links==
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