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The "classical" pollination syndromes were first studied in the 19th century by the Italian botanist [[Federico Delpino]]. Although they are useful in understanding of [[plant-pollinator interactions]], sometimes the pollinator of a plant species cannot be accurately predicted from the pollination syndrome alone, and caution must be exerted in making assumptions.<ref name="Ollerton">{{cite journal |author1=Ollerton J. |author2=Alarcón R. |author3=Waser N.M. |author4=Price M.V. |author5=Watts S. |author6=Cranmer L. |author7=Hingston A. Peter |author8=Rotenberry J. | year = 2009 | title = A global test of the pollination syndrome hypothesis | journal = Annals of Botany | volume = 103| issue = 9| pages = 1471–1480| doi = 10.1093/aob/mcp031 |pmid=19218577 |pmc=2701765 }}</ref>
The naturalist [[Charles Darwin]] surmised that the flower of the orchid ''[[Angraecum sesquipedale]]'' was pollinated by a then undiscovered moth with a proboscis whose length was unprecedented at the time. His prediction had gone unverified until 21 years after his death, when the moth was discovered and his conjecture vindicated. The story of its postulated pollinator has come to be seen as one of the celebrated predictions of the theory of [[evolution]].<ref name=Arditti>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01250.x|title = 'Good Heavens what insect can suck it'- Charles Darwin, ''Angraecum sesquipedale'' and ''Xanthopan morganii praedicta''| journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society| volume=169| issue=3| pages=403–432|year = 2012|last1 = Arditti|first1 = Joseph| last2=Elliott| first2=John| last3=Kitching| first3=IAN J.| last4=Wasserthal| first4=Lutz T.| doi-access=
==Abiotic==
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