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Pragmatics (more specifically, [[Speech act|Speech Act Theory]]'s notion of the [[performative]]) underpins [[Judith Butler]]'s theory of [[gender performativity]]. In ''[[Gender Trouble]]'', they claim that gender and sex are not natural categories, but socially constructed roles produced by "reiterative acting."
In [[Judith Butler#Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative|''Excitable Speech'']] they
their theory of [[performativity]] to [[hate speech]] and [[censorship]], arguing that censorship necessarily strengthens any discourse it tries to suppress and therefore, since the state has sole power to define hate speech legally, it is the state that makes hate speech performative.
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